否定轉(zhuǎn)移與代詞理解.doc

Transfer of negationv In some negative sentences, “not” is to negate the predicates in form, but actually it is used to negate other elements of those negative sentences. Therefore, while translating, we should transfer the negation.v All that glisters is not gold.v Every man cannot be a scientist.vv notaslikev He does not limit his principal advisers to a special field of concentration like Mr.Truman.v The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not, as is sometimes felt, a symptom of increasing mental illness health.v The maker of each is careful to observe the laws of his own perspective, and however great a strain they may put upon us they will never confuse us, as lesser writers so frequently do, by introducing two different kinds of reality into the same book.v not because notsimply because notonly because not merely becauseTransfer of negation E.g. A high executive does not have a large vocabulary merely because of the opportunities of his position. But two systems are not necessarily identical, or even very similar because they have some properties in common.Transfer of negationv notto do( infinitive expressing purpose) v E.g. They do not conduct the dangerous experiment to serve their private interest.v We did not build institutes of technology to educate boys for export.Transfer of negationv notAdverbial( with preposition)v E.g. Scientific discoveries and inventions do not always influence the language in proportion to their importance. It is doubtful whether the radio and the movie are more important than the telegraph and telephone, but they have brought many new words into general use.Transfer of negationv He has never mixed with them or spoken to them on equal terms, but has demanded and generally received a respect due to his position and superior intelligence.Transfer of negationv notnearlyv E.g. The food supply will not increase nearly enough to match this, which means that we are heading into a crisis in the matter of producing and marketing food.v Spiders are not insects, as many people think, nor even nearly related to them.Transfer of negationv Exercise P69Our very anxiety is born of our knowledge of what is now possible for each and for all. The number of people who consult psychiatrists today is not, as is sometimes felt, a symptom of increasing mental ill health, but rather the precursor of a world in which the hope of genuine mental health will be open to everyone, a world in which no individual feels that he need be hopelessly broken-hearted, a failure, a menace to others or a traitor to himself. But if our anxieties are actually signs of hope, why is there such a voice of discontent abroad in the land? I think this comes perhaps because our anxiety exists without an accompanying recognition of the tragedy which will always be inherent in human life, however well we build our world. We may banish hunger, violence and secret police, we cannot- as we have tried to do - banish death itself. Americans who stem from generations which left their old people behind and never closed their parents eyelids in death, and who have experienced the additional distance from death provided by two world wars fought far from our shores are today pushing away from them both a recognition of death and a recognition of the tremendous significance-for the future -of the way we live our lives. Acceptance of the inevitability of death, which, when faced, can dignity to life, and acceptance of our inescapable role in the modern world, might transmute our anxiety about making the right choices, taking the right precautions, and the right risks into the sterner stuff of responsibility.review Translation on expressions like comparative structures no morethan no more than no less than no less than more A than B Less A than B no better than 一樣不好 little better than e.g. He teaches little better than me. Research into the validity of selection methods has consistently demonstrated that the unstructured interview, where the interviewer asks any questions he or she likes, is a poor predictor of future job performance and fares little better than more controversial methods like graphology and astrology. Graphology is a good predictor of future job performance. (TFNG)structures The ache in the pit of her stomach is no worse than the one in her heart. bottomless pit Pitfall The beaten enemy had no other choice than to surrender. The man over there is none other than our principal. The method of scientific investigation is nothing but the expression of the necessary mode of working of the mind. 科學(xué)研究的方法不外是人類思維活動(dòng)的必要表達(dá)方式 Alone in the deserted house, he was so busy with his research work that he felt anything but lonely. She all but fainted when she heard the news. But for the rain we should have a pleasant journey. He would have helped us but that he was short of money at that time.PronounIt n 1)I had always wondered how the ewes knew their own lambs; now I learned that it was partly by voice, but chiefly by smell, looks not entering into it. This is why, when a lamb runs up to feed, the mother always turns her head round and touches it. I had imagined it to be merely a gesture of affection, but it seems it is to smell the lamb and make sure that it is her own.n 2)(Gary Sloanes body was found next morning on the lower shelf of a pillar of Queensboro Bridge. ) In the darkness and in his excitement he had thought that it was the water flowing black beneath him.n 3)When I leave the house, I watch out, she said. I wont walk past a car that is double parked, and I wont walk on the side of the street where it happened.n 4)It is a strange thought, but I believe a correct one, that twenty or thirty pages of ideas and information would be capable of turning the present-day world upside down, or even destroying it.n 5)It will strengthen you to know that your distinguished career is so widely respected and appreciated.n 6)It is the ideal condition of the equal start which only our most progressive forms of modern education try to regain.They them theirn 1)Catherine had seasons of gloom and silence now and then: they were respected with sympathising silence by her husband, who ascribed them to an alteration in her constitution, produced by her illness.They them theirn 2)Having reviewed various technical possibilities, I would now like to comment on the dangers that might be presented by their fulfillment and to compare these with the consequences of efforts to prevent this development.n 3)(Executives must be able to handle change in broad segments of industry, society, and government. )But perhaps the change thats most challenging of all is that within themselves.onen 1)All in all he replaced the proud structure of the nineteenth century science, which had been so battered by the sensational discoveries at the turn of the century, by a new one whose foundations and framework were solid enough to withstand the fiercest storms which might come in the future.don l) You can almost put it down as a general rule in this town that presidents often invite honest criticism from their aides, but seldom get it, and usually dont follow it when they do.n 2）They identify students whose high potential has not been previously recognized, but there are many things they do not do.n 3)But for many, the fact that poor people are able to support themselves almost as well without government aid as they did with it is in itself a huge victory.n 4)(The diet-cola drinkers did a little worse -only 7 of 27 identified all four samples correctly. ) While both groups did better than chance would predict, nearly half the participants in each group made the wrong choice two or more time.So As n l) Attacks on the un-American and criminal tendencies of the Irish, the Slavs, and every other ethnic group that arrived on Americas shore were a steady part of national thinking, as were persistent efforts to bar any further migration of undesirables to our country.n 2 Eighty-five percent of international telephone conversations are conducted in English, as are three-fourths of the worlds mail, telexes, and cables.n 3) Few countries supported such aggressive acts and therefore the military burden had fallen on the aggressors alone. So would the agony of their new armed intervention in the affairs of other countries.n 4) Nuclear war was declared unthinkable, and so it remained - in the popular mind - for nearly two decades.General Pronounn 1. rabbit had no natural enemies in the Antipodes, so that it multiplied with that promiscuous abandon characteristic of rabbits.n 2 ) The U. S. infantryman, while requiring far too luxurious logistical support, put up a nice fight in France; he was fresh well-fed, and unscarred by battle.n A gentlemen is, rather than does. He is interested in nothing in a professional way. Position of Pronounn 1. In his works? Maxim Gorky expresses his ardent love for the revolutionary cause.Position of Pronounn 2.Wherever they occurred, inefficiency and waste were attacked and nonessential projects were brought swiftly to an end.n 3.Its beginnings obscured by unemployment caused by the world economic slowdown, the new technological unemployment may emerge as the great socio-economic challenge of the end of the 2oth century. The Normandy Landings The landings were very chancy and might have ended disastrously. A pyramiding of mistakes and bad luck on German side gave Roosevelt success in his one audacious military move. The mounting of the invasion armada was