高二英語被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí).ppt

被動語態(tài)復(fù)習(xí) 一 被動語態(tài)的定義 語態(tài)是動詞的一種形式 用以表示主語和謂語之間的關(guān)系 當(dāng)主語是謂語動作的執(zhí)行者 則為主動語態(tài) 當(dāng)主語是謂語動作的承受者 則為被動語態(tài) 被動語態(tài)由助動詞be 過去分詞構(gòu)成 時態(tài)通過be表現(xiàn)出來 二 各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成1 一般現(xiàn)在時 Youarerequiredtodothis 2 一般過去時 Thestorywastoldbyher 3 一般將來時 Theproblemwillbediscussedtomorrow 4 現(xiàn)在進行時 Thequestionisbeingdiscussedinthemeetingroom 5 過去進行時 Thenewroadwasbeingmade 6 現(xiàn)在完成時 Thenovelhasbeenread 7 情態(tài)動詞 Therubbishcanbeputintothedustbinoverthere 1 Theymakeshoesinthatfactory 三 主動語態(tài)變被動語態(tài) Shoes aremade bythem inthatfactory 一般現(xiàn)在時的被動語態(tài)構(gòu)成 S 主語 am is are 過去分詞 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm Tencomputerswerebought bythem lastterm 一般過去時 S was were 過去分詞 3 LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly PollycanbetakengoodcareofbyLingFeng 情態(tài)動詞 S can may must should be 過去分詞 4 Theywillfinishtheworkintendays Theworkwillbefinished bythem intendays 一般將來時 S will be 過去分詞 5 Someworkersarepaintingtheroomsnow Theroomsarebeingpaintedbysomeworkersnow 現(xiàn)在進行時 S am is are being 過去分詞 6 Wehavemadetwentymorekeys Twentymorekeyshavebeenmadebyus 現(xiàn)在完成時 S have has been 過去分詞 7 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight Myhomeworkwasbeingdone byme at8 00lastnight 過去進行時 S was were being 過去分詞 四 何時使用被動語態(tài)呢 一 行為主體不明確 不必說出或者無法說出動作的執(zhí)行者時 例如 Footballisplayedallovertheworld 二 不易找到或根本就不可能找到動作的執(zhí)行者時 例如 Mybikewasstolen 我的自行車被盜了 三 漢語中含有 據(jù)說 據(jù)悉 有人說 大家說 等時 例如 Itissaidthatonedayheclimbedtothetopofahouseand ItwasreportedthathermotherdiedofSARS 眾所周知 Itiswellknownthat 據(jù)推測說 Itissupposedthat 四 漢語中含有 被 由 等詞時 例如 WeiHuaisaskedtocomebyLinTao 魏華是被林濤叫來的 五 某些句子習(xí)慣上用被動語態(tài) 例如 HewasborninOctober 1989 六 表示禮貌時 例如 YouarefriendlyinvitedtocometoourEnglishpartyat8 00p m tomorrow 敬請您明天晚上8 00光臨我們的英語晚會 五 在什么情況下不能使用被動語態(tài)呢 1 表示狀態(tài)的動詞 如have cost fit last own hold become等往往不能用于被動語態(tài) 例如 正 Theshirtfitshimverywell 誤 Heisfittedverywellbytheshirt 2 祈使句一般沒有被動語態(tài) 例如 正 Lookattheblackboard please 誤 Theblackboardislookedatbyyou 3 某些及物動詞的賓語表示處所 地點 組織時不能用于被動語態(tài) 例如 正 HejoinedtheLeaguein1998 誤 TheLeaguewasjoinedbyhimin1998 4 由 動詞 名詞 構(gòu)成的英語習(xí)語 如makefaces makefriends takeplace等 一般不可改為被動語態(tài) 例如 正 Theboymakefacesinclass 誤 Facesaremadebytheboyinclass GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinJinansincelastyear 5 反身代詞在句中作賓語時 不能用被動語態(tài) 例如 正 Youmustlookafteryourself 誤 Yourselfmustbelookedafter Practice 先將主動句改為被動句 再把被動句變?yōu)橐话阋蓡柧渑c否定句1 PeoplegrowwheatinNorthChina 2 Theyboughttencomputerslastterm 3 Someworkersarepaintingtheclassroomsnow 4 Wehavemadetwentymorebeds 5 LingFengcantakegoodcareofPolly 6 Iwasdoingmyhomeworkat8 00lastnight 一 如主動句含間賓和直賓雙賓語 或含省略to的不定式作賓補 變被動時有何變化呢 UncleLilentustheboatlastweek 變被動 WewerelenttheboatbyUncleLilastweek TheboatwaslenttousbyUncleLilastweek 加上了to 有的也加for Mummademeanewdress IwasmadeanewdressbyMum Anewdresswasmadeformebymymother 間賓 人 作被動句的主語 一切依舊 而直賓 物 作主語 則須在間賓前添加to或for 加to的動詞多為give send bring teach show pass write ask tell等 加for的動詞有make draw buy等 二 Myparentsmademewateralltheseyoungtrees 變被動 Iwasmadetowateralltheseyoungtreesbymyparents 加上了to 這種主動句中用省to的不定式作賓補 變被動時定要加上to 這種謂語動詞有feel hear listento let make have see notice lookat watch 即常言道 一感二聽三讓四看見 Exercises 1 Peopleuseknivesforcuttingthings Knives forcuttingthings 2 Thestudentscleanthewindowsoftheirclassroomtwiceamonth Thewindowsoftheirclassroom twiceamonth areused are cleaned 變被動語態(tài) 3 Ifoundtheticketonthefloor onthefloor 4 Itoldhertoreturnthebookintime She toreturnthebookintime Theticketwasfound wastold 5 Hisdoctormadehimhaveonlytwomealsaday He onlytwomealsaday 6 Nowpeoplecanusecomputerstohelpthem Nowcomputers tohelpthem wasmadetohave canbe used 7 Didyouplantmanytreesatthistimelastyear atthistimelasttime 8 Mustwefinishourworktoday ourwork today Weremanytreesplanted Mustbefinished 9 Theforeignfriendsgaveussomewonderfulstamps 1 somewonderfulstamps 2 Somewonderfulstamps weweregiven were giventous 10 TheteacheraskedTomtoturnonthecomputer Tom toturnonthecomputer 11 Inthisfactorywomendomostofthework Mostofthework bywomeninthisfactory wasasked isdone 12 Hecanmendthebikeintwodays Thebike intwodays 13 Youmusttakethismedicinethreetimesaday Thismedicine threetimesaday canbemended mustbe taken 14 ThestudentsinthisschoolstudyGerman German bythestudentsinthisschool 15 Dotheyoftentalkaboutthisquestion thisquestionoften about isstudied Is talked bythem 16 Someonemusthelpmemoveawaytheheavybag Imust tomoveawaythisheavybag 17 WasthewindowbrokenbyTom 變?yōu)橹鲃诱Z態(tài) Tom thewindow behelped Didbreak 18 Thetractorwasn tdrivenoutoftheroad He thetractoroutoftheroad 19 Doesn tBobcleanthestreeteveryday thestreet byBobeveryday didn tdrive Isn tcleaned 20 Whatcantheydotofinishtheworkontime bythemtofinishthework Whatcanbe done 21 Noneofthechildrenweremadetotrythenewmedicinebythedoctor Thedoctor the thenewmedicine didn t makeanyof childrentry 將下列句子改為被動語態(tài)1 Wesweeptheflooreveryday 2 Hedoesmorningexerciseseverymorning 3 Hegavemeabookyesterday 鞏固練習(xí) 4 Thenursestakecareofthesickoldman 5 Youcantakethebookoutofthereadingroom 6 Whatdotheworkersusethemachinefor 7 Imadehimworktwohourseveryday 8 ClassOnewillhelpthefarmerstomorrow 9 WehavelearnedtwothousandEnglishwords 10 Wefoundm