新視野大學(xué)英語第三版第一冊課后翻譯答案.doc

新視野大學(xué)英語課后翻譯答案新視野大學(xué)第三版book1英語課后翻譯答案Unit1蘇格拉底是古希臘哲學(xué)家，被譽為現(xiàn)代西方哲學(xué)的奠基人。他是一個謎一般的人物，人們主要通過后來的一些古典作家的敘述，尤其是他最著名的學(xué)生柏拉圖的作品去了解他。蘇格拉底以他對倫理學(xué)的貢獻而聞名。他的教學(xué)法亦稱為蘇格拉底法，即通過提問和回答來激發(fā)批判性思維以及闡述觀點。該方法在各種討論中仍被普遍使用。他還在認識論和邏輯領(lǐng)域作出了重大而深遠的貢獻。他的思想和方法所帶來的影響一直是后來的西方哲學(xué)的堅實基礎(chǔ)。蘇格拉底是古代哲學(xué)史上最豐富多彩的人物。他在他那個時代已威名遠揚。雖然他未曾建立什么哲學(xué)體系，未曾設(shè)立什么學(xué)派，也未曾創(chuàng)立什么宗派，但他的名字很快就變得家喻戶曉了。 Confucius was a great thinker and educator in Chinese history. He was the founder of Confucianism and was respectfully referred to as an ancient “sage”. His words and life story were recorded in The Analects. An enduring classic of ancient Chinese culture, The Analectshas had a great influence on the thinkers, writers, and statesmen that came after Confucius. Without studying this book, one could hardly truly understand the thousands-of-years traditional Chinese culture. Much of Confucius thought, especially his thought on education, has had a profound influence on Chinese society. In the 21st century, Confucian thought not only retains the attention of the Chinese, but it also wins an increasing attention from the international community.Unit2圣誕節(jié)是一個被廣泛慶祝的文化節(jié)日，全世界有許許多多的人在12月25日慶祝這一節(jié)日。它是為了紀念耶穌基督的誕辰。該節(jié)日最早可追溯到公元336年。漸漸地，這一節(jié)日演變?yōu)橐粋€既是宗教又是非宗教的節(jié)日，越來越多的非基督徒也慶祝圣誕節(jié)。如今，圣誕節(jié)在全球被作為一個重大的節(jié)日和公共假日來慶祝。不同國家的圣誕節(jié)風(fēng)俗也各不相同?，F(xiàn)代流行的圣誕接風(fēng)俗包括交換圣誕賀卡和圣誕禮物、唱圣誕歌曲、參加教堂活動、擺放各種圣誕裝飾品和圣誕樹、舉行家庭聚會以及準備一頓特別的大餐。對小孩子們來說，這個節(jié)日充滿了幻想和驚喜。據(jù)傳說，圣誕老人會在圣誕夜從煙囪進入每戶人家，給乖巧聽話的孩子帶來禮物。由于圣誕節(jié)送禮物以及許多其他方面推動了基督徒和非基督徒的經(jīng)濟活動，圣誕節(jié)也因此成為商家的一個重大活動和主要銷售季。According to the Chinese lunar calendar, August 15 of every year is a traditional Chinese festival-the Mid-Autumn Festival. This day is the middle of autumn, so it is called Mid-Autumn. One of the important Mid-Autumn Festival activities is to enjoy the moon. On that night, people gather together to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival, looking up at the bright moon and eating moon cakes. The festival is also a time for family reunion. People living far away from home will express their feelings of missing their hometowns and families at this festival, all expressing peoples love and hope for a happy life. Since 2008, the Mid-Autumn Festival has become an official national holiday in China. Unit3倫敦地鐵是英國的一個快速交通運輸系統(tǒng)，服務(wù)于大倫敦的大部分地區(qū)。地鐵系統(tǒng)因其地鐵隧道的典型形狀也被稱為地下管道。倫敦地鐵始建于19世紀中期，是世界上最早的地下鐵路系統(tǒng)。它的第一段地鐵于1863年開始運營。自此，倫敦地鐵不斷延伸，發(fā)展成為一個包括12條線路、275個車站、鐵軌總長超過250英里的地鐵杰作，其中有45%在地下運行。就路線長度而言，它是世界上第四大地鐵系統(tǒng)，也是車站數(shù)量最多的地鐵系統(tǒng)之一。作為一個走遍倫敦的經(jīng)濟便捷的途徑，倫敦地鐵一向是每天數(shù)百萬通勤者以及在節(jié)假日游歷倫敦的游客的首選。倫敦地鐵已成為倫敦的一個國際標志。2013年倫敦舉辦了各種各樣的活動，慶祝地鐵運營150周年，紀念這一里程碑。Chinas space industry was launched in 1956. Over the past decades, Chinas space industry has created one miracle after another. In 1970 China launched its first man-made earth satellite, ranking China the fifth country in the world to independently develop and launch man-made earth satellites. In 1992 China began to carry out the manned spaceflight program. In 2003 China launched shenzhou-5, a manned spaceship. The successful launch made china the third country to launch manned spaceships. In 2007 Change-1, the first lunar-orbiting man-made satellite, was sent to space. In 2013 Shenzhou-10, the fifth manned spaceship, was launched successfully, laying the foundation for building the Chinese Space Station. Unit4作為通過中國游歷亞洲的首批歐洲人之一，馬可波羅可能是中國人最熟知的外國商人和航海家。從1271年到1295年，他和他的家人游歷廣泛，遍及歐洲和亞洲。期間，他在中國留居了17年。他的著作馬可波羅游記描述了他游歷亞洲的旅程，讓歐洲人首次全面領(lǐng)略了包括中國、印度和日本在內(nèi)的遠東地區(qū)的情況。從他的文字敘述中，西方人第一次了解到瓷器、煤炭、火藥、印刷術(shù)、紙幣以及絲綢。在15世紀末和16世紀歐洲發(fā)現(xiàn)與征服的大航海時代，馬可波羅所記錄的大量新的地理信息得到了廣泛使用。在他去世后的這幾個世紀里，馬可波羅獲得了他在有生之年未曾獲得的贊譽。馬可波羅的故事鼓舞了其他無數(shù)的探險者去踏上征程，發(fā)現(xiàn)世界。Zheng He was the most famous maritime explorer in Chinese history. In 1405 AD, the ruler of the Ming Dynasty sent Zheng He on a voyage to the Western Seas in order to strengthen border defense and develop trade by sea. In the following 28 years, Zheng He led his fleet, made seven voyages to the Western Seas with over 100,000 crew members in total, and visited more than 30 countries and regions. The fleet traveled far into South Asia and West Asia, and made all the way to the continent of Africa. Zheng Hes voyages to the Western Seas were a great feat in the worlds navigation history. It showed Zheng Hes outstanding navigation and organization talents; meanwhile, it exhibited the national strength and prestige of the Ming Dynasty, and strengthened the relationships between the Ming Dynasty and the overseas countries.Unit5有關(guān)古代奧林匹克運動會的最早文字記載可追溯至公元前776年。古代奧運會每4年舉辦一次，在8月6日與9月19日之間的一個紀念宙斯的宗教節(jié)日期間舉行。第一屆現(xiàn)代奧運會于1896年在希臘雅典舉辦。奧運會的標志由五個大小相同的套環(huán)組成，代表著五大洲的聯(lián)合和來自世界各地運動員的大聚會。奧運會真正騰飛、成為一項國際體育盛會是在1924年之后，即第8屆奧運會在巴黎舉辦之后。這一年，來自44個國家約3000名運動員同場競技，并且第一次在奧運會上增加了閉幕式這一儀式。同年，冬季奧運會首次亮相，比賽項目包括花樣滑冰、冰球、雪橇和冬季兩項運動。80年后，2004年夏季奧運會在相隔一個多世紀后再次在雅典舉辦，來自201個國家的近11000名運動員展開競技，創(chuàng)下參賽國數(shù)目之最。Tai Chi is a kind of martial arts, and a fitness exercise as well. It has a long history in China. With slow and gentle movements, Tai Chi is suitable for people of any age, sex, or body type to practice. It can be used to provide self-defense as well as build the body. Therefore, it has become very popular among Chinese people. During its development, Tai Chi borrowed and absorbed desirable elements from traditional Chinese philosophy, medicine, and marital arts, and it has developed into a sport with unique features. As a unique sport in China, Tai Chi is also gaining increasing popularity among many foreign friends.Unit6間隔年指的是學(xué)生休假不去上學(xué)而去旅行或工作等的一段時間，但不一定是一年。間隔年通常選在高中畢業(yè)和進入大學(xué)之前的一段時間。在這段時間里，學(xué)生可以旅行、參加志愿者工作或是在國外邊打工邊度假。一種新潮流是參加語言學(xué)習(xí)、住家、文化交流、社區(qū)服務(wù)和自主學(xué)習(xí)于一體的國際教育活動。間隔年的做法于20世紀60年代興起于英國。它在英國、澳大利亞、新西蘭和加拿大已經(jīng)變得非常流行。但是在美國，間隔年的做法仍然只是個別現(xiàn)象。不過近年來，間隔年對美國人來說變得稍微普遍起來。2013年有大約四萬美國學(xué)生參加了間隔年活動，比2006年增加了近20%。普林斯頓大學(xué)、哈佛大學(xué)、麻省理工學(xué)院等大學(xué)都有明文規(guī)定允許學(xué)生延遲入學(xué)。Since its economic reform and opening-up to the world, Chinas education has gone through rapid development and made remarkable achievements. The Chinese government gives top priority to the development of education, persists in revitalizing the country by science and education, and fully advocates quality-oriented education. Meanwhile, it actively promotes equality in education to guarantee everyone access to education. Chinas achievements in education can be reflected in two different layers: One is the popularization of the nine-year compulsory education; the other is the realization of mass higher education. The development of education has made significant contributions to Chinas economic development and social process. In recent years, to satisfy the needs of social and economic development, the Chinese government had sped up the training of qualified personnel urgently needed in various fields.Unit7在所有美國人的信念中，最基本、最強烈的信念可能就是崇尚個人自由。要理解美國人，最重要的也許就是了解他們對“個人主義”的熱愛。生活中他們很早就開始受到教育，把自己看成獨立的個體，對人生中自己的處境以及自己的前途命運負責。美國人認為自己的思想和行為高度個性化。他們不愿被視為任何同質(zhì)群體的代表。如果確實加入了群體，他們也認為自己有特別之處，與同一個群體中的其他成員有著些許的差別。與美國人對個人主義賦予的價值緊密相關(guān)的是他們對個人隱私的重視。美國人認為，人“需要有自己的時間”或者“有時間獨處”，用來思考事情，或者恢復(fù)他們所消耗的心理能量。美國人很難理解那些總想與人結(jié)伴、不愛獨處的外國人。 Integrity and harmony are traditional Chinese virtues. “Harmony” is demonstrated in various aspects. In regard to interpersonal relations, traditional Chinese thoughts hold that “Harmony is most precious” and “A family that lives in harmony will prosper”. A harmonious social environment can be created based on these principles. As for relations between human beings and nature, people should learn to understand, respect and protect nature. Harmony is essential to interpersonal relations, relations between human beings and society, as well as between human beings and nature. Nowadays, harmonious development is still the way of running the country and managing talented personnel. With the development of Chinas society, economy and culture, the idea of “harmony” goes even deeper into peoples hearts. China is on its way toward the goal of building a harmonious socialist society. Unit8作為世界上唯一一個真正具有普遍性的世界組織，聯(lián)合國已經(jīng)成為處理超越國界、而且任何一個國家都無法獨立解決的問題的首要論壇。 聯(lián)合國最初的宗旨是維護和平、保護人權(quán)、建立國際公平主義的框架以及促進經(jīng)濟和社會進步。 近年來，聯(lián)合國又面臨著新的挑戰(zhàn)，諸如氣候變化、國際恐怖主義和艾滋病等。 現(xiàn)在，解決爭端及維護和平仍然是聯(lián)合國最主要的任務(wù)。除此之外，聯(lián)合國及其專門機構(gòu)還致力于各種旨在改進世界人民生活的活動， 從賑災(zāi)到教育和婦女進步，再到原子能的和平使用。聯(lián)合國及其專門機構(gòu)推動世界成為一個更加友好、更加宜居的地方， 為全世界人民帶來了福祉。Since the founding of the Peoples Republic of China, China has persisted in the independent foreign polic