研究生英語讀寫譯1-7課練習(xí)參考答案和參考譯文.doc

研究生英語讀寫譯教程練習(xí)參考答案及參考譯文注意：研究生英語讀寫譯教程第二次印刷做了以下更改：1PP95倒數(shù)第四行的 edifion 改成 edition；并將練習(xí)全部移至第96頁2PP87 省略法 第一句話去掉，改為： 省略是指在翻譯時按意義、修辭和句法等方面的需要省略或減少部分詞語使譯文更加精煉、更符合漢語的表達習(xí)慣。 去掉（一）中的第二個例句，用下句替換：John had many wonderful ideas, buthe only put a few into practice. 約翰有很多好想法，但是只有少數(shù)付諸實踐。3PP97 將LEAD-IN QUESTION部分4A換成下句：Science is nothing but developed perception, interpreted intent, common sense rounded out and minutely articulated. (George Santayana)參考譯文：科學(xué)只不過是發(fā)展了的知覺（ 科學(xué)只不過是深化了的洞悉），經(jīng)過詮釋的含義，經(jīng)過整理、表達詳細的常識。4PP106 Comprehension第一題中的humanity改為“the humanities“第一部分：各課練習(xí)答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH.COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough he slept on the floor in friends rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer. 4 Jobs first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again. 6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively 2 curiosity 3 combination 4 let down 5 vision 6 baton 7 creative 8 mirror 9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out 2 tuition 3 Commencement 4 deposit 5 typography 6 make way for 7 animation 8 intuition 9 destination 10 divergeC 1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, ones instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzlingD 1 an 2 great 3 the 4 to 5 6 that 7 8 been 9 been 10 inTRANSLATIONA1熱烈的鼓掌 2波濤洶涌的海面 3熟睡 4煙癮大的人 5油膩而難消化的食物 6烈酒 7悲痛的消息 8沉悶冗長的讀物 9化重水10他在一家法國銀行擁有外國人賬戶。11那老實的男孩毫無隱諱地說明了他的行為。12他突然感到一陣莫明其妙的不安情緒。13腳踩兩條凳,早晚要墜地（即：腳踏兩條船）。14驕者必敗。15 我們遇到一對從巴黎來的夫婦，他們很有趣。B 見譯文部分。P.19 EX. A1. I was asked to do the assignment. So I think there are three reasons for the failure in the experiment.2. Although I worked hard to acquire more knowledge, I couldnt improve my English.3. Though.4. therefore-However5. If we compare the number of people who worked in this department between 2001 and 2003, it only increased from five people to twenty but the orders were twice more.6. We have three ways of recruitment. The first is the recruitment agency, which we used two years ago. The expenditure was very high and the people provided were not very suitable. The second is online recruitment. We have never used this method before, so we cannot say this is good or not. However, online recruitment is risky because of the unbelievable resources of the applicants.7. are-is8. including-include9. has a negative impact, have a positive and powerful effect10. There never seems to be anything worth watching on television. Young people tend to listen to the radio more than older age groups while older people find it more enjoyable to chat with people of their age.UNIT TWO TWO TRUTHS TO LIVE BYCOMPREHENSION1. According to Rabbi Alexander Schindler, we should hold fast to many gifts such as beauty, love.2. The author exploits the parable of open and closed hand in the very beginning of the text to control the idea of the whole text. “Life is a paradox”, because it encourages us to grasp its many gifts although it predetermines their final disappearance.3. The author tells the audience his experience in hospital to prove the fact that people are indifferent to the grandeur of each day, and nobody sees the beauty of sunlight or responds to it.4. According to the author, people are reluctant to accept losses and failures because they think that the world is theirs to command especially when they are young.5. Since all of us will perish in the end, we must seek a wider perspective, viewing our lives as through windows that open on eternity, whereby to reconcile on lifes paradoxical demands. Though our lives are finite, our deeds on earth weave a timeless pattern. 6. Life is a process. During the process, we should hold fast to life, but not so fast that we cannot let go; we must accept our losses, and learn how to let go.7. According to the author, we should pursue the ideal, for ideals alone invest life with meaning and are of enduring worth.8. Alexander Schindler encourages the students to exalt above their personal considerations and to perfect the present world. 9. There is strong religious color in the text. Alexander Schindler asks us to hold fast to Gods gifts, to be reverent before each dawning day, to view our lives as through windows that open on eternity, and to add religion to the humblest of edifices.10. The author delivers this speech to the university students in order to teach them how to cope with lifes paradoxical problems in a wise way, and what to pursue. VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1. renounce 2. tender 3. petty 4. relish 5. gleaned6. abounds in 7. parable 8. evanescent 9. redeem 10. sanctuaryB1. indifference to 2. Preoccupied 3. redeem 4. clinging to 5. relentless6. paradox 7. ordained 8. wanes 9. exalted 10. dawn/have dawned onC1. the meaning the opportunity the door happiness the purpose2. the question the jokes the advertisement the film the lecture3. run drive speak sail stick4. arrival survival refusal approval renewal5. restless priceless endless homeless aimless6. widen quicken deepen lengthen shortenD1. on 2. CORRECT 3. for 4. of 5. CORRECT 6. supply 7. CORRECT 8. there 9. have 10. downTRANSLATIONA1成功與否取決于她的努力。2她把窗子打開，讓新鮮空氣進來。3他不抽煙，但他父親煙抽得很兇4人們之所以關(guān)注歷史研究的方法，主要是因為史學(xué)家們內(nèi)部分歧過大，其次才是因為外界并不認識歷史是一門學(xué)科。5由于人口的猛增或大量人口流動（現(xiàn)代交通工具使大量人口流動變得相對容易）所造成的種種問題也會增加社會壓力。6只要撥對了號碼，你就可以在家里電視機上選看到有遠方城市一座圖書館發(fā)出的預(yù)先錄制的一出戲、一堂打高爾夫球的講課，或者一次物理學(xué)演講。7只要一發(fā)現(xiàn)有可能反對他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和風(fēng)趣將這人爭取過來。8她蒼白的臉色清楚地表明了她那時的心情。9獨立思考對學(xué)習(xí)是絕對必需的。10新主席有禮貌地前來拜訪受害者，獲得了他們的一些好感。B 見譯文部分。TEXT BREADING COMPREHENSION1. The Chinese view of life and things presented in the passage is expressed by the best and wisest Chinese minds in their folk wisdom and their literature.2. Chinese poets and scholars present a view of life through their common sense, their realism and their sense of poetry.3. The nature of Chinese philosophy is an idle philosophy born of an idle life.4. The Chinese philosophers waking life is characterized by a dream-world quality, and he sees the happenings and his own efforts as futile.(or useless)5. The highest ideal of Chinese culture is represented by a sense of detachment toward life and high-mindedness.6. The sense of detachment toward life results in the sense of freedom, love of vagabondage, pride and nonchalance.7. “Wake up and live” implies that a wise proportion of Americans dream the hours away.8. The national mind of Chinese is so racially different and historically isolated that new answers to the problems of life, new methods of approaches and new posing of problems are expected.9. For most people, the Chinese mind is intensely practical, hard-headed; for the lovers of Chinese art, it is profoundly sensitive; and for a smaller proportion of people, it is poetic and philosophical.10. The Chinese as a nation has survived for four thousand years because the Chinese have a light, an almost gay philosophy rather than an efficient life.UNIT THREE THE FUTURE OF BOOKSCOMPREHENSION1. Umberto Eco classifies memory into three types: organic memory represented by human brain; mineral memory represented by clay tablets, obelisks and electronic memory of todays computer; and vegetal memory represented by the first papyruses and books made of paper. 2. According to Umberto Eco, the libraries function as the places for conservation of books and have been the most important way of keeping our collective wisdom.3. “Universal brain” means a place where we can retrieve what we have forgotten and what we still do not know.4. According to paragraph 2, humans invent libraries because they know that they do not have divine powers, but they try to do their best to imitate them.5. In the computer and Internet era, libraries should not be abolished because they should survive as museums conserving the past.6. Compared with reading on a computer screen, reading printed books is the better way for us to read carefully, to speculate and to reflect about what we are reading.7. Compared with computers, books have brought a lot of conveniences to humans computers cant: books still represent the most economical, flexible way to transport information at a very low cost; books travel with you and at your speed; it is a valuable instrument and the best companions for a shipwreck.8. Two industrially exploited inventions are as follows: one is printing on demand, namely, every book will be tailored according to the desires of the buyer; the other is the e-book which is useful for consulting information.9. “The idea that a new technology abolishes a previous one is frequently too simplistic.” What the author means is that there are a lot of new technological devices that have not made previous ones obsolete, that in the history of culture it has never been the case that something has simply killed something else. Rather, a new invention has always profoundly changed an older one.10. In the computer and internet era, people fear the physical disappearance of books and printed material; but printed books have a future because computers encourage the production of printed material.VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA 1. organic 2. designate 3. emulate 4. abolish 5. speculated6. shipwreck 7. manuscript 8. masterpiece 9.obsolete 10. contribute toB1. option 2. flexible 3. reproduce 4. preservation 5. retrieve6. divine 7. diffuse 8. on the verge of 9. browse 10. memoryC1. poverty errors enemies a possibility inequality2. a group an organization a club an association a tribe3. act for answer for stand for long for prepare for4. eyepiece timepiece showpiece seapiece centerpiece5. predictable preschool prewar previous preliminary6. reproduce revise remove review rewriteD1. CORRECT 2.have 3.from 4.CORRECT 5.in6. a 7. of 8. CORRECT 9. to 10. lookTRANSLATIONA1晚上在參加宴會，出席音樂會，觀看乒乓球表演之后，他得起草最后公報。2這些早期的汽車速度緩慢，行動笨拙，效率不高。3遺憾的是，過去我們總的目標(biāo)方面意見是一致的，但涉及各個具體目標(biāo)時，意見就不一致了，因而也就根本不能采取什么行動。4我真替她萬分擔(dān)憂，但此時此地既不宜教訓(xùn)她一番，也不宜與她爭論一通。5他們的主人，又是割啊，又是倒啊，又是上菜啊，又是切面包啊，又是說啊，又是笑啊，又是敬酒啊，忙個不停。6如果對自己的錯誤都不認識，怎么能悔恨和改正呢？7 歡迎他的只有幾下輕輕地、零零落落、冷冷淡淡的掌聲。8 勇敢過度，即成蠻勇；疼愛過度，即成溺愛；儉約過度，即成貪婪。B 見譯文部分。TEXT BREADING COMPREHENSION1. Texts differ from dictionaries in that dictionaries are a linguistic or an encyclopedic system, while texts reduce the infinite possibilities of a system.(or.give many possible items, while texts are a closed universe.)2. The Arabian Nights, Little Red Riding Hood and Finnegans Wake are cited in the passage to clarify the point that despite many possible ways to interpret them, the texts are finite and limited.3. One mistaken belief of the deconstructionists is that you have any freedom to interpret the text.(or you can do anything you want with a text)4. The first possibility of using hypertextual strategies to “open” up a finite and limited text is to enrich the story by successive contributions of different authors.(or allow different authors to develop the story)5. Another way to make a text infinite is that at narrative disjunction, many authors can make many different choices.6. The production of unlimited texts differs from already-produced texts in that the latter may be interpreted in infinite ways but are physically limited. 7. In a more liberated society, free creativity will coexist with the interpretation of the already written text.8. Because the pre-established sequences of words and pages in the text stop us from inventing anything. 9. Readers cant modify the fate of the characters in the already written book because it is decided by repressive authorial decision.10. The purpose of this article is to clarify the difference between free creativity in producing texts and limited freedom in interpreting the already-produced texts.UNIT FOUR ENGLISH NEXTCOMPREHENSION1 because our modern understanding of medieval life has been distorted through a 19th-century lens.2 English3 Dryden and Shakespeares words, Issac Newton and his contemporaries scientific writings and dictionaries4 It used to be the dominating language in Europe.5 Not directly. Because this happens before the rise of English.6 Chinese, Spanish, Arabic and English7 Japanese: declining; Chinese: rising8 Open (It is expanding.)9 Open (through media film, TV, publications or through political/economic/cultural influence10 No. The number of people who use it as a second language will be more important.VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 exploration 2 reappraisal 3 emerge 4 integrity 5 identity 6 displaced 7 diversity 8 challenge 9 reminiscent 10 aspiredB 1 triumph 2 acquired 3 diverse 4 alternative 5 embrace 6 account 7 integrity 8 reverse 9 awareness 10 permeatesC1 acquire: title, riches, knowledge, skill, good habits2 derive from, arise from, date from, differ from, refrain from3 be sick of, be weary of, be glad of, be tired of, be slow of4 ad hoc, status quo, hors doeuvre, loudspeaker, baby-sit5 professional, vocational, exceptional, traditional, conditional6 distrust, disarm, disable, disown, dischargeD 1 he 2 be 3 as 4 access 5 6 who 7 a 8 9 is 10 beenTRANSLATIONA1 凡是犯了錯就應(yīng)勇于承認。2沒有下雪，但葉落草枯。3人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的，而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西。4讀書只能給智能提供知識的材料，思想才能把我們所讀的東西變成自己的。5仍然具有這種信念，普通的人要比自然的力量或人類造出來的機器更偉大，而且最終會控制它們。6她的黑發(fā)蓬蓬松松地飄拂在前額上，臉是短短的，上唇也是短短的，露出一排閃亮的牙齒，眉毛又直又黑，睫毛又長又黑，鼻子筆直。B 見本課ppt。TEXT B1 imho, imo: in my humble opinion, in my opinion2 idk: I dont know3 thx: thanks4 plz: please5 rofl: rolling on the floor laughing6 brb: be right back7 jk: just kidding8 ttyl: talk to you later9 g2g: got to go10 btw: by the wayUnit five Scientists, scholars, knaves and foolsComprehension 1(a). What relationship between science and the humanities(此處課本中有誤，見 P106) can you learn from the first paragraph? To some degree, science and the humanities have the same concern: The question raised by science is the most important that can be asked in philosophy and religion. In his book Consilience: The Unity of Knowledge, Wilson shows how various fields of inquiry, and especially the humanities and sciences, intersect with each other.1(b). Do you think science and religion can be reconciled? (Open.) 2(a). What criteria does Author apply when distinguishing science from pseudoscience? In para.2, the author mentions five diagnostic features as the criteria to distinguish science from pseudoscience: repeatability, economy, mensuration, heuristics and consilience.2(b). Some label Acupuncture, Qigong, and Chinese Medicine as pseudoscience. Do you agree? Open.3(a). What point does Author make in paragraph 4 and paragraph 5? The author gives the topic sentence The work of real science is hard and often for long intervals frustrating at the beginning of para.4. 3(b). How does he backup his viewpoint? In para.4, the author lists and analyses the reasons why its hard. In Para.5, the author develops the point by drawing on his own experience and quoting.3(c). What example and quote does he use? The example is from his own experience of counseling new Ph.D.s in biology. The quotation is from Percy Bridgman: The scientific method is doing your damnedest, no holds barred. 4. Paragraph 6-8 discuss original discovery. How do these paragraphs relate to one another?Para.6 first introduces the topic sentence Original discovery is everything and then explains how the priority of making original discovery defines the process of scientific research. Para7 and para.8 are about the importance of original discovery and they are related by two sentences of the same structure which introduce two opposite conditions and thus form a sharp contrast (make an important discovery, and .; Fail to discover, and.).5(a). According to Alfred North Whitehead, why do scientists learn what they need to know while remaining poorly informed about the rest of the world? Its because scientists are mainly concerned about making discovery. They have to concentrate on the part that is needed in the discovery while ignoring the rest.5(b). What does the greeting question What are you working on reveal?It reveals the fact that what they are doing are of the same nature (making discoveries) and scientists are quite aware what is common among them. 6(a). Will scientists content themselves with the discoveries they have made? Why? No, they wont. Scientists who have already made some important discoveries are always strongly motivated and they are ready to set new