(手打錯誤修正)英漢口譯實踐.doc

Passage 1 Equal Rights This is supposed to be an enlightened age, but you wouldnt think so if you could hear what the average man thinks of the average woman. Women won their independence long ago. After a long，bitter struggle, they now enjoy the same educational opportunities as men in most parts of the world. They have proved repeatedly that they are equal and often superior to men in almost every field.你會認(rèn)為這應(yīng)該是一個擺脫了偏見的時代，可當(dāng)聽到一名普通男子談?wù)撍麑σ幻胀ㄅ拥目捶〞r，你就不會這樣認(rèn)為了。婦女早已贏得了獨立，他們經(jīng)過長期艱苦的斗爭，在全球大部分地區(qū)可以與男子享有同等的教育機(jī)會。他們一次又一次地證明婦女在幾乎所有領(lǐng)域里都不比男子差，甚至還常常勝過男子。 The hard-fought battle for recognition has been won, but it is by no means over. It is men, not women, who still carry on the sex war because the attitude of many men remains basically hostile. In many countries and regions, women there continue to be regarded as second-rate citizens. To hear some men talk, youd even come to the horrible conclusion that men and women belonged to different species!這場艱苦的女性能力認(rèn)可戰(zhàn)雖已打贏，卻遠(yuǎn)未終結(jié)。延續(xù)這場戰(zhàn)斗的是男性而非女性，因為許多男子對女子的態(tài)度基本上仍然是敵視性的。許多國家和地區(qū)的婦女仍然被視為二等公民。如果聽信一些男人所言，你甚至?xí)Φ贸瞿信畠尚苑峭N同類的可怕結(jié)論。 On the surface, the comments made by these men about womens abilities seem light-hearted. This apparent light-heartedness does not conceal the real contempt that many men feel for women. However much men sneer at women, their claims to superiority are not borne out by facts. Lets consider the matter of driving, for instance. We all know that women cause far fewer accidents than men. They are generally very conscientious and in fact，have succeeded in any job you care to name. As politicians, soldiers, doctors, factory-hands, university professors, farmers, managers, lawyers, scientists and presidents of countries, they have often put men to shame with their achievements. And we must remember that they frequently succeed brilliantly in all these fields in addition to bearing and rearing children.從表面上看，這些男人對女性能力的評論似乎只是一種戲言，可這表面現(xiàn)象卻無法掩飾許多男人對女性所抱的鄙視態(tài)度。無論這些男子怎樣譏諷婦女，他們那種自認(rèn)為比女性優(yōu)越的看法是沒有事實根據(jù)的。我們現(xiàn)以駕車為例。我們都知道，女性開車時所出的車禍遠(yuǎn)遠(yuǎn)少于男性駕駛員的車禍。婦女通常非常謹(jǐn)慎小心，事實上她們已能勝任任何一種你能叫得出名字的職業(yè)。政治家、士兵、醫(yī)生、工人、大學(xué)教授、農(nóng)民、經(jīng)理、律師、科學(xué)家、國家元首中的女性成員所做出的成就常常使許多男性感到羞愧。我們不可忘記，女性在這些領(lǐng)域里取得輝煌成就的同時還肩負(fù)著生兒育女的重任呢。 Passage 2 Meeting New People People from different cultures sometimes do things that make each other uncomfortable - without meaning to or sometimes without even realizing it.不同文化背景的人在一起有時會做出一些令對方感到不舒服的事他們并非故意要這樣做，有時甚至連自己都未察覺。 Most Americans have never been out of the country and have very little experience with foreigners. But they are usually spontaneous, friendly and open, and enjoy meeting new people, having guests and bringing people together formally or informally. They tend to use first names in most situations and speak freely about themselves. So if your American hosts do something that makes you uncomfortable, try to let them know how you feel. Most people will appreciate your honesty and try not to make you uncomfortable again.大多數(shù)美國人從未走出國門，幾乎沒有同外國人打交道的經(jīng)驗。但是這些美國人通常主動、友好、坦率，喜歡結(jié)識人，歡迎客人來訪，愿意召集正式的或非正式的聚會。他們在大部分場合傾向于直呼其名，毫無拘束地談?wù)撟约?。所以，要是你的美國主人做出了使你感到不舒服的事，你?yīng)該設(shè)法讓他們知道你的感受。大多數(shù)人會喜歡你的誠實態(tài)度，盡量不做令你不快的事。 Many travelers find it easier to meet people in the United States than in other countries. They may just come up and introduce themselves or even invite you over before they really know you. Sometimes Americans are said to be superficially friendly. Perhaps it seems so, but they are probably just having a good time. Just like anywhere else, it takes time to become real friends with people in the United States.許多旅行者感到在美國結(jié)識人比在其他國家要來得容易。美國人可能會直接向你走去，向你作自我介紹，甚至在未真正認(rèn)識你之前便邀請你去做客。有時美國人的友善被認(rèn)為是一種表面現(xiàn)象?；蛟S真是這么一回事，也許這是他們的興趣所至。同在其他地方一樣，與美國人結(jié)成真正的朋友需要一段時間。 When you stay with American friends, they will probably enjoy introducing you to their friends and family. They usually make a point of trying to make you feel comfortable and relaxed. On the whole, they tend to be informal. Men shake hands, but usually only when they are introduced. When a woman and a man are introduced, shaking hands is up to the woman. Americans rarely shake hands to say good-bye, except on business occasions.當(dāng)你同美國人在一起時，他們或許喜歡把你介紹給朋友和家人。美國人通常會盡力使你感到舒服、自在?？偟恼f來，他們往往不拘禮節(jié)。男子被相互介紹時，他們通常會主動握手，而男女被相互介紹時，是否握手得取決于女方的態(tài)度。美國人告別時很少握手，除非在公務(wù)場合。 House guests may bring gifts when they come to visit, and they often offer to help in some ways. As a guest, you may want to ask your host or hostess if theres anything you can do to help in the kitchen. In many cases, the gesture is more important than actually.拜訪家庭時，客人可以攜帶禮品上門?？腿顺３鲃颖硎驹谀撤矫孀鲋魅说膸褪?。做客時你可以問主人廚房里有無你可以幫忙的事。在許多情況下，這種主動幫忙的表示比實際行動顯得更重要。Passage 3 Geographic Environment The geographical location of a country and its physical characteristics are very important to its development and progress. The United States is very fortunate in this respect.一個國家的地理位置及其環(huán)境特征對于這個國家的發(fā)展和進(jìn)步十分重要。美國在這方面是一個幸運(yùn)的國家。First of all, it has a good climate. In almost all sections of the country it is possible to live comfortably during the whole year. It is true that in the south it sometimes gets very hot, and in the north very cold, but the people who live in these regions become accustomed to the climate and never suffer very much when the weather is either very hot or very cold.首先，美國有良好的氣候。幾乎在美國任何一個地方，一年四季都可以過得很舒服。不錯這個國家的南部有時很炎熱，北部很寒冷，但是這些地區(qū)的居民已適應(yīng)了那種氣候，無論炎熱還是寒冷，他們都不會感到難受。In a large country there is usually a great variety of different physical characteristics. In the United States, there are wide plains and high mountains, thousands of lakes and rivers of all sizes, cool forests and hot deserts, and a coastline several thousand miles long.一個大國通常有各種不同的地理環(huán)境。美國有廣袤的平原、高大的山脈、數(shù)以千計形狀各異的江河湖泊、涼爽的森林、炎熱的沙漠，以及長達(dá)數(shù)千英里的海岸線。 The many lakes and rivers, as well as the long coastline, have been of great importance to the development of the country, since they made possible the easy transportation of people and all the things people need. Transportation by water is still necessary and important. In modem times, however, trains, automobiles, trucks and airplanes are doing much of the work which was formerly done by ships and boats.眾多的江河湖泊和漫長的海岸線為人和物提供了便利的運(yùn)輸條件，對國家的發(fā)展起著重要作用。時至今日，水路運(yùn)輸依然是不可缺少的重要交通工具，不過昔日人部分的船運(yùn)任務(wù)現(xiàn)已由車、汽車、卡車和飛機(jī)來承擔(dān)。Passage 4 A Square Peg(短釘) in a Round Hole Sometimes we say that someone we know is “a square peg in a round hole”. This simply means that the person we are talking about is not suited for the job he is doing. He may be a bookkeeper who really wants to be an actor or a mechanic who likes cooking. Unfortunately, many people in the world are “square pegs”; they are not doing the kind of work they should be doing, for one reason or another. As a result they probably are not doing a very good job and certainly they are not happy.有時我們說某個熟人是“插在圓孔中的一根方料”，意思是我們所說的這個人不適合做他所從事的工作。他也許是一名簿記員，卻很想當(dāng)演員；他或許是一名技工，卻很想當(dāng)廚師。不幸的是，世界上許多人都是方料子，由于各種各樣的原因，他們所從事的職業(yè)并非是他們的所好。其結(jié)果他們可能做不好工作，他們一定感到不快樂。 Choosing the right career is very important. Most of us spend a great part of our lives at our jobs, and for that reason we should try to find out what our talents are and how we can use them. We can do this through aptitude tests, interviews with specialists, and study of books in our field of interest.選擇合適的職業(yè)很重要。我們中間人部分人會將很大一部分時間花在自己的工作上。正因為此，我們應(yīng)該了解自己的才能，懂得如何使用自己的才能。我們可以通過能力測試、同專家面談、研讀我們感興趣的領(lǐng)域里的書籍來達(dá)到上述目的。There are many careers open to each of us. Perhaps we like science. Then we might prepare ourselves to be chemists, physicists, or biologists. Maybe our interests take us into the business world and such work as accounting, personnel management or public relations. Of course, there are persons who find their place in government service. Teaching, journalism, medicine, engineering - these and many other fields offer fascinating careers to persons with talent and training.我們每個人面前都有許多職業(yè)可以去干。也許我們喜歡科學(xué)，那么我們可以把自己培養(yǎng)成化學(xué)家、物理學(xué)家或生物學(xué)家。也許我們的興趣會把自己帶入商界，從事諸如會計、人事管理或公共關(guān)系之類的工作。當(dāng)然有些人會選擇公務(wù)員的工作。教育、新聞、醫(yī)學(xué)、工程等領(lǐng)域都可以向有才能、經(jīng)過培訓(xùn)的人士提供引人入勝的職業(yè)。 Passage 5 Carrying Money when Traveling The best way to carry money while traveling is to have a major credit card like Visa，MasterCard or American ExpressCredit cards can be canceled if they are lost or stolenBecause major credit cards such as those are widely accepted，it is easy to use them for lodging，transportation，meals and things you want to buy from larger stores.在外旅行時攜帶錢的最佳方法是持有一張如威薩、萬事達(dá)或美國運(yùn)通之類的主要信用卡。信用卡遺失或被竊后可以掛失。由于上述這類信用卡被廣泛認(rèn)可，所以人們可以用它們來支付住宿費、交通費或餐飲費，也可用來購買大商店的物品。 When you pay for something with your credit card, the salesperson will take your credit card and fill out a form using a computer or a machineHe or she will ask you to sign the form and then give you a copyThe credit card company sends you a bill once a month that shows the purchases you made and any balance left to pay from the month before. Usually you have thirty days to pay before they charge you interest當(dāng)你用信用卡付費時，服務(wù)員會接過你的卡，然后用電腦或某種機(jī)器填單子。服務(wù)員會要求你在單子上簽名，然后將其中一聯(lián)交給你。信用卡公司按月寄賬單給你，賬單上寫明你購物用款以及上個月的未付款余額。在通常情況下，你可以在30天之內(nèi)向信用卡公司交納錢款，過期未交納錢款者得付利息。 Another way to carry money safely while youre traveling is to carry travelers checks, which are insured against lossYou can use travelers checks almost anywhere - in restaurants，stores，or ticket offices - without having to go to a bankIf you run out of them，you can buy more at most banksTheir service charge will vary，though.旅行時的另一種安全攜帶錢的方法是持旅行支票，旅行支票都登記過丟失保險。你幾乎可以在任何地方使用旅行支票，如餐館、商店或票房，不必上銀行取錢。如果你用完了旅行支票，可以去銀行購買新的旅行支票。大多數(shù)銀行都有這類業(yè)務(wù)，當(dāng)然所收取的服務(wù)費可能有所不一。Some travelers use personal checks，which may not always be acceptedIf you write a personal check and it bounces，you will have to pay the bank high service charge on itSo be sure you always have enough money in your account to cover any checks you write有些旅行者也使用私人支票，但不是所有地方都愿意接受私人支票。如果你開出的私人支票因透支而被視為無效，你必須付給銀行一筆高額的服務(wù)費。所以你應(yīng)確保自己銀行的賬戶里有足夠的存款來支付所開支票的錢款。 Passage 6 The One-eyed Monster Television is a one-eyed monster that has occupied almost all our spare timeWhole generations are growing up addicted to the tellyThere is a limit to the amount of creative talent available in the worldEvery day，television consumes vast quantities of creative workThat is why most of the programs are so bad：it is impossible to keep pace the demand and maintain high standards as wellWhen millions watch the same programs，the whole world becomes a village，and society is reduced to the conditions which obtain in pre-literate communitiesWe become utterly dependent on the two most primitive media of communication：pictures and the spoken word電視是頭幾乎占去了我們?nèi)繕I(yè)余時間的獨眼惡魔。一代又一代人在成長中患上了電視癮癥。世界上創(chuàng)造力的資源是有限的。電視每天在大口大口地吞噬創(chuàng)造才華。電視無法在及時滿足需求的同時又保持很高的水準(zhǔn)，這就是為什么大部分電視節(jié)目如此糟糕的緣由。當(dāng)數(shù)以百萬計的人在觀看同一節(jié)目時，全世界成了一個地球村，社會回歸到原始的文盲部落狀態(tài)，我們完全依賴最原始的兩大交際手段，即圖畫與言語。Before we admitted the one-eyed monster into our homes，we never found it difficult to occupy our spare timeFor instance，we used to have hobbies，we used to entertain our friends and be entertained by them，we used to go outside for our amusements to theaters，cinemas，restaurants and sporting eventsWe used to read books and newspapers，and listen to music and broadcast talksAll that belongs to the pastNow all our free time is regulated by the goggle boxWe rush home or gulp down our meals to be in time for this or that programWe have even given up sitting at table and having a leisurely evening meals，exchanging the news of the day在我們準(zhǔn)許這頭獨眼獸進(jìn)入家庭之前，我們從未感到業(yè)余時間難以打發(fā)。例如，我們有自己的愛好，我們會招待朋友，也接受朋友的招待，我們外出娛樂，上劇院，上影院，上餐館，看體育比賽。我們讀書看報，聽音樂，聽廣播?？蛇@一切都已成為歷史?，F(xiàn)在我們的業(yè)余時間都由這頭獨眼匣來調(diào)度。我們匆匆忙忙地趕回家，又匆匆忙忙地扒下飯，只為能及時收看這個或那個節(jié)目。我們甚至再也不圍桌而坐，不從容不迫地享受晚宴，交流一天的信息。Television encourages passive enjoymentWe become content with second-hand experiencesIt is so easy to sit in our armchairs watching others workingLittle by little, television cuts us off from the real worldWe get so lazyWe choose to spend a fine day in semi-darkness，glued to our sets, rather than to go out into the world itselfTelevision may be a splendid medium of communication，but it prevents us from communicating with each other. We only become aware of the fact that how totally irrelevant television is to real living when we spend a holiday by the sea or in the mountains far away from civilization電視使我們的娛樂成了一種被動活動。我們滿足于二手經(jīng)驗，坐在沙發(fā)里觀看別人的行動太輕松舒適不過了。電視逐漸把我們同真實世界分隔開來。我們太懶惰了，在晴好的日子我們選擇了半明半暗的環(huán)境，棄外面的世界于不顧，卻同電視機(jī)如漆似膠地粘在一起。電視也許是一種優(yōu)秀的交際工具，但它卻妨礙著我們相互間的交流。只有當(dāng)我們遠(yuǎn)離現(xiàn)代文明之地去海邊或上山度假時，我們才會意識到電視原來是一種與真實生活毫不相干的東西。Passage 7 Medical Services Away from Home Getting ill away from home is a very frightening thought，but its something you can sometimes be prepared forUnless you are planning to immigrate into Britain，check with your countrys own health services or your health insurance agency before you leave homePeople who take medication regularly should bring enough with them for their entire stay一想到在異鄉(xiāng)患病就會令人不寒而栗，不過有時你也可以為這類事的發(fā)生預(yù)先做些準(zhǔn)備工作。除非你計劃到英國移民，不然出國前你可以到國內(nèi)衛(wèi)生部門或健康保險公司去檢查身體。定期服用藥物者應(yīng)該帶足可供自己在國外整個逗留期間需要服用的藥劑。In Britain pharmacists in one town will not fill prescriptions from other towns，nor those from other countriesIf you run out of medicine while youre in Britain，youll have to be examined by a doctor and get a new prescriptionSome medication - such as aspirin and other mild painkillers，cold medicines and nasal decongestants，vitamins，cough syrups and sore throat tablets，as well as medication for indigestion，nausea and diarrhea - is available without a prescriptionYou can even get these drugs over the counter at convenience stores or supermarkets在英國，某城鎮(zhèn)的藥劑師不會為另一城鎮(zhèn)或另一國家的藥劑師所開的處方配藥。如果你在英國期間用完了藥，你得讓醫(yī)生作檢查，開新的處方。購買有些藥，如阿司匹林這類輕微止痛藥、感冒藥、鼻通藥、維他命、止咳藥、咽喉藥，以及醫(yī)治消化不良、惡心、腹瀉等現(xiàn)象的藥都無需處方。你甚至可以在便利商店或超市的柜臺上隨意購買。If you need a doctor for your illness，you should be prepared to pay for office calls，emergency room treatment and even hospital stays，as most doctors and hospitals will want you to pay when you are treatedHospitals usually require a deposit of money or the name of someone who will promise to pay in case you dontIn any case，make arrangements with your health or travel insurance company before you leave，or take some extra money with you in case of an emergency如果你需要醫(yī)生給你看病，或門診，或急診，或住院，你都要作好付費的準(zhǔn)備，因為人多數(shù)醫(yī)生和醫(yī)院都要病人就診時付費。醫(yī)院通常要求你付上一筆押金，或要求你告訴院方某個可以代你付費的人的姓名。不管怎樣，你都應(yīng)該在出國前與你的醫(yī)療保險公司或旅游公司做出某種安排，或者多帶些錢出國，以防萬一。Passage 8 Against Segregated Schools I vote against the idea of a girls or boys schoolOne of the chief aims of education is to equip future citizens with all they require to take their place in adult societyNow adult society is made up of men and women，So how can a segregated school possibly offer the right sort of preparation for it? Anyone entering adult society after years of segregation can only be in for a shock我反對男女學(xué)生分校就讀的主張。學(xué)校的主要目的之一是讓未來的國民具備進(jìn)入成人社會后發(fā)揮各自作用時所需具備的一切條件。既然現(xiàn)在的成人社會是由男男女女共同組建而成的，那么一所學(xué)生性別單一的學(xué)校又如何能提供進(jìn)入成人社會所需要的那種準(zhǔn)備呢?任何一個學(xué)生在接受多年男女分校的教育之后，在成人社會里都會感到無所適從。 A co-educational school offers children nothing less than a true version of society in miniatureBoys and girls are given the opportunity to get to know each other，to learn to live together from their earliest yearsThey are put in a position where they can compare themselves with each other in terms of academic ability, athletic achievement and many of the extracurricular activities which are part of school lifeWhat a practical advantage it is to be able to put on a school in which the male parts will be taken by boys and the female parts by girls! What nonsense co-education makes of the argument that boys are cleverer than girls or vice versaWhen segregated, boys and girls are made to feel that they are a race apartRivalry between the sexes is fosteredIn a co-educational school，everything falls into its proper place一所男女同校的學(xué)校讓孩子們看到的是一個微型的真實世界。男女生之間有機(jī)會了解彼此，有機(jī)會從人生的早期便開始學(xué)習(xí)如何相互共處。他們有機(jī)會對彼此的學(xué)習(xí)能力、體育業(yè)績以及作為校園生活組成部分的許多課外活動進(jìn)行比較。對于一所男女學(xué)生角色分明的學(xué)校來說，這方面的優(yōu)勢是有現(xiàn)實意義的。男女同校教育可以使那種認(rèn)為男孩比女孩聰明的論點，或女孩比男孩聰明的論點成為無稽之談。男女分校教育的結(jié)果是讓孩子們感到男生和女生從屬不同的種族，性別之爭卻得以強(qiáng)化。然而在一所男女同校的學(xué)校里，一切都有其合理的位置。But perhaps the greatest contribution of co-education is the healthy attitude to life it encouragesBoys dont grow up believing that women are mysterious creaturesairy goddesses, more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale than human beingsGirls dont grow up imagining that men are romantic heroesThe awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing upThese can better be overcome in a co-educational environmentSegregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation，which is hardly possible under a co-educational systemWhen the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adultsThey have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women也許男女同校教育的最大貢獻(xiàn)在于其提倡健康的人生觀。男生在成長過程中視女性為凡人，而不是神秘的人物、天上的仙女或童話插圖中的女神。女生在成長過程中也不把男性視作浪漫的英雄。青春期這令人尷尬的階段使孩子成長過程中出現(xiàn)的一些生理問題和情感問題變得尤為突出。這些問題可以在男女同校教育的環(huán)境中得到較好的解決。男女分校有時為畸形的性觀念的形成提供了溫床，而這種情況幾乎難以在男女同校的環(huán)境中發(fā)生。男女同校的學(xué)生畢業(yè)后，他們已是調(diào)整到位的成年人，為進(jìn)入社會作好了一切準(zhǔn)備。他們在處理男女所面臨的許多問題方面已積累了多年的經(jīng)驗。Passage 9 The Benefits of CampingCamping has become the great pursuit of holiday-spending among an increasing number of young people. Camping as a way of spending a holiday has so much to offerYou enjoy absolute freedomYou have none of the headaches of advance hotel booking or driving round and round a city at midnight looking for a roomThere are no cold hotel breakfasts，no surly staff to tipFor a ludicrously small sum, you can enjoy comforts which few hotels could provide野營已成了越來越多的年輕人所熱衷的度假方式。作為一種度假方式野營的優(yōu)點頗多，你可以享受絕對的自由，不必為預(yù)定旅館而苦惱，也不必費神半夜開車四處尋找住所。你不必吃冷冰冰的旅館早餐，不必付小費給乖戾的服務(wù)員。你只需交付一筆小得令人難以置信的費用，便可享受沒有幾家旅館能夠給予的舒適。Modern camping sites are well equipped with hot and cold running water and even shops and dance floorsLow cost holidays make camping an attractive propositionBut above all，you enjoy tremendous mobilityIf you dont like a place，or if it is too crowded，you can simply get up and look for a new locationConverselyyou can stay as long as you likeYoure the boss, after all現(xiàn)代化的營地配置了冷熱自來水，甚至還設(shè)有商店和舞場。低廉的花費使野營度假十分誘人，更為誘人的是野營度假的極大機(jī)動性。如果你不喜歡某地，或者感到某地太擁擠，可即刻開拔，另覓新址。反過來說，你若喜歡某地，你只要愿意，便可一直住下去，畢竟你自己說了算嘛。 Its so exciting to arrive at a camp site