lind電動(dòng)叉車充電站.doc

13Planing of charging stations for liquid acid Pb-batteries液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計(jì)劃 液態(tài)鉛酸電池充電站計(jì)劃Planing of charging stationsfor liquid acid Pb-batteries林德-廈門叉車有限公司Linde-Xiamen Fork Lift Truck Co., Ltd2002. 11目錄Content1.充電站的定義和說明Definitions and descriptions of charging stations 1.1電池房Battery-Rooms 1.2電池充電站Battery charging stations 2.建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Building construction2.1充電站內(nèi)的車輛空間Truck place in charging stations .2.2電池房的空間Place in battery rooms .2.3地板條件Floor condition.3.電氣安裝Electrical installation 3.1 視在功率Apparent Power .3.2 取暖Heating 4.充電機(jī)Charger 5.通風(fēng)Ventilation 5.1總則General 5.2 根據(jù)DIN VDE 0510計(jì)算Calculation according DIN VDE 0510.5.3 必要的空閑房屋空間計(jì)算Calculation of the necessary free room space.5.4 必要的空氣流量計(jì)算Calculation of the necessary volume of airflow.5.5 通風(fēng)結(jié)構(gòu)Construction of a ventilation 6.房屋溫度和氣候Room temperature and climate 7.加水Water topping 8.搬運(yùn)電池Battery changing arrangements 8.1起重設(shè)備和貨車Crane Equipments and changing lorries 9.維護(hù)和維修地方Maintenance and repair places10.標(biāo)記和規(guī)定Labels and regulations 11.急救措施First aid 12.重要的規(guī)范和規(guī)定Important norms and regulations 1. 充電站的定義和說明Definitions and regulations of charging stations1.1 電池房Battery-Rooms:電池房是一種專門給電池充電和儲存電池的房屋，也可以將充電機(jī)安裝在電池房內(nèi)。A battery room is a special room for charging and storing batteries, in these rooms also the chargers could be installed.1.2 電池充電站Battery charging stations:電池充電站是一種專門房屋，在屋內(nèi)，可以給裝在車輛上的電池充電也可以給1.1所述的電池充電。A battery charging station is a special room for charging batteries which are installed in the trucks and also charging batteries according 1.1.總之先要決定是否應(yīng)該建立電池房或充電站，大多數(shù)情況下兩班或三班工作制運(yùn)行應(yīng)該有電池房，充電機(jī)前放有正常充好電和正在充電的電池。在充電站里，正常情況下裝在車輛中的電池和充電機(jī)相接，以上兩種充電方式都可以放在一間房中。General is to decide if a battery room or a battery charging station should be set up. Mostly a battery room is necessary at a two or three shift operation, normally recharged batteries and batteries under charge stand in front of one charger. In battery charging stations normally trucks with installed batteries are connected to the chargers. Also both different versions could be installed in one room.重要的是房屋是否是一個(gè)有人負(fù)責(zé)對電池管理、維護(hù)和充電的工作場所。這樣必須有專門規(guī)定，如：燈光、噪音、溫度、氣體釋放等等，是否還要有附加等候室、清洗室和休息室。Important is if the room is a working place where persons are in charge to optain and maintain and change batteries. In this case special regulations for working places are necessary, for example questions about light, noise, temperature, gas-emission and so on, additional waiting rooms, wash rooms and rest rooms had to be installed. 2. 建筑結(jié)構(gòu)Building constructions2.1充電站里的車輛空間Truck place in charging stations 總則General充電站的平面空間取決于充電站規(guī)模和車輛種類，而且根據(jù)VDI 2197, 2198 和 2199或國家特殊標(biāo)準(zhǔn)計(jì)算車輛進(jìn)、出和轉(zhuǎn)彎的必備空間。The necessary square meters of charging stations depends in the main part of the kind of charging station and the trucks, also the necessary space for drive in and out and turn around with the trucks must be calculated according the regulation VDI 2197, 2198 and 2199 or special national norms.實(shí)際可以用15 m2 計(jì)算，重要的是：- 車輛的種類和外形尺寸- 每個(gè)車型的車輛數(shù)量- 車輛總數(shù)量- 充電機(jī)的數(shù)量和種類- 車輛占據(jù)的面積（寬和深）- 車輛高In practice you can calculate with 15 m2 square meters, important are:- kind and largeness of the trucks- quantity of trucks of each truck type- total quantity of trucks- quantity and type of chargers- the stand square meters of the truck (wide and deep)- high of the truck車輛附加的占地面積，必須將車輛周圍空間0.6 m 和充電機(jī)到電池間1m的距離計(jì)算在內(nèi)。Additional to the stand square meters of the trucks a necessary space around the truck of 0,6 meters and a distance charger to battery of 1 meter must be calculated.車輛到充電機(jī)和存儲的貨物之間最小距離：Minimum distances of trucks to chargers and stored goodsa) 車輛周圍必備空間necessary space around the truck最少 0,6 meterb) 電池和充電機(jī)間必備距離necessary distance between battery and charger最少1 meterc) 到易燃品的必備距離necessary distance to inflammable stored goods最少2,5 meterd) 到易爆品的必備距離 necessary distance to explosive material最少5 meter必備高度(取決于車輛)necessary high of the place (depends of the trucks)最少2 meter充電站的房屋布局Room arrangement at a charging station相對放置的車輛間必備距離應(yīng)該是車輛轉(zhuǎn)動(dòng)空間的一半（Wa）加上0.6m (B = Wa + 0,6m) necessary distance between the opposite placed truck should be the half of the turnBaround space (Wa) of the truck plus 0,6 meter(B = Wa + 0,6m)2.2電池房的空間Place in battery rooms電池充電房的必要面積取決于電池、充電機(jī)、起重設(shè)備或運(yùn)輸充放電電池的車輛的種類、數(shù)量和大小。In battery charging rooms the necessary square meters depends of the quantity and the largeness of the batteries and the chargers and of the kind of crane or the change-wagon to handle the recharged and the discharged batteries實(shí)際上，可以用7 m2計(jì)算In practice you can calculate with 7 m2每個(gè)充電機(jī)前必須計(jì)算出必備空間， 以放置兩個(gè)電池加上電池之間最少0.2m的通風(fēng)空間。In front of each charger the necessary place must be calculated for two batteries plus a distance of minimum 0,2 meter between the batteries to have a good ventilation during charge.放電池的托架必須以最重的電池考慮計(jì)算，并且與地隔離。Battery banks must be calculated for the heaviest battery and must be isolated against the ground.a充電機(jī)前面板到電池的最短距離(a)為0.5m，電池到溫度超過200C的加熱裝置最短距離為2.5m。The minimum distance (a) of the charger front panel to the battery is 0,5 meter and minimum 2,5 meter between battery and heating systems with a temperature more than 200C2.3地板要求Floor conditions地板上應(yīng)該蓋有一層防酸材料壓強(qiáng) 8 N/mm抗酸腐蝕抗硫酸H2SO4 (50%)泄漏電阻100 kohm墻泄漏電阻100 kohm (電池周圍1.5m。)屋頂抗酸腐蝕抗硫酸t(yī) H2SO4 (50%)地板必須有一個(gè)最小0.25 m3 坑，其周圍斜度為1% 。The floor should be covered with an acid resistant material:Pressure solidity 8 N/mmAcid solidityagainst H2SO4 (50%)Divert resistance100 kohmWallsDivert resistance100 kohm (only around the place of the batteries (1,5m)RoofsAcid solidityagainst H2SO4 (50%)The floor must have a Gradient of 1% to a pit of minimum 0,25 m33.電氣安裝Electrical installation總則General按照DIN VDE 0100或?qū)ｉT國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)或根據(jù)充電機(jī)供貨商的說明進(jìn)行電氣安裝，應(yīng)具有市電電源斷路器、為每個(gè)充電機(jī)安裝帶慢動(dòng)作熔絲的電源斷路器或電機(jī)電路自動(dòng)空氣開關(guān)。應(yīng)該具有通風(fēng)并規(guī)定：只有工作通風(fēng)時(shí)才能充電。The electrical installation is to be done according DIN VDE 0100 or special national norms with a main switch power breaker and each charger with a power breaker with slow acting fuses or automatic breakers for motor-rated circuits according the technical instructions of the supplier of the chargers. With a ventilation it should be installed a regulation that only with a working ventilation a charge is possible3.1視在功率Apparent power視在功率計(jì)算必須包括下列項(xiàng)目：- 充電機(jī)- 加熱系統(tǒng)- 通風(fēng)- 照明For the calculation of the apparent power the following components must be included:- chargers- heating systems- ventilation- illumination充電機(jī)1到n的視在功率計(jì)算：根據(jù)供貨商的信息，功率P1, P2, .PnP (總功率) = (P1 + P2 + . Pn) x aa = 因數(shù)，所有充電機(jī)都工作 (一般為 0,8)Calculation of the apparent power of the chargers 1 to n:Power according the information of the supplier P1, P2, .PnP (total) = (P1 + P2 + . Pn) x aa = factor if all chargers are in function (typical 0,8)對于充電機(jī)，效率和功率因數(shù)cos phi同樣重要，典型計(jì)算：充電機(jī)技術(shù) / 曲線效率cos phi50Hz-充電機(jī) / Wa, WoWa75%0,750Hz-充電機(jī) / IUIa85%0,7HF-充電機(jī) / IUIa90%0,95For the chargers also the efficiency eta and the power factor cos phi are importanttypical calculationcharge technique / curveetacos phi50Hz-charger / Wa, WoWa75%0,750Hz-charger / IUIa85%0,7HF-charger / IUIa90%0,953.2加熱Heating加熱功率取決于房屋種類和大小，與充電機(jī)和電池的發(fā)熱成反比。The heating power depends of the kind and largeness of the room it will be decreased by the heating of the chargers and the batteries. Kn x Qe x LF x n x UmE = - eta x 1000E視在功率apparent power kWhKn額定容量nominal capacity Ah K5Qe放電等級discharge grade %LF充電系數(shù)charge factorn單體電池?cái)?shù)量number of cellsU中負(fù)載電壓middle load voltage V/Zeta充電機(jī)效率efficiency of the charger1000kWh轉(zhuǎn)換Wh calculation of Wh in kWh充電能量計(jì)算例如電池48 V 750 Ah,放電等級 80%充電機(jī)輸出曲線 WoWa, 負(fù)載系數(shù)1,2中負(fù)載電壓 2,4 V/Z效率 80%總能量：64,8 kWh (所有充電機(jī)有功功率)消耗的負(fù)載能量51,8 kWh損失能量13,0 kWh ( 可用于加熱 )Calculation of the charge energyExampleBattery48 V 750 Ah,discharge grade 80%Chargeroutput curve WoWa, load factor1,2middle load voltage 2,4 V/Zefficiency 80%Total energy:64,8 kWh (apparent power of all chargers)consumed load energy51,8 kWhLost energy13,0 kWh ( usable for heating )4.充電機(jī)Chargers為了選擇正確的充電機(jī)，必須要知道電池型號、電池種類、額定電壓、額定容量和根據(jù)工種、單班、兩班或三班決定的充電時(shí)間。充電機(jī)根據(jù)外形大小既可以墻上安裝也可以地面安裝。為了良好通風(fēng)充電機(jī)之間最小0.2m間距很重要。為便于方便操作，應(yīng)該選擇好安裝充電機(jī)的高度。任何與水有關(guān)的安裝必須在充電機(jī)下面。To select the correct chargers it is necessary to know the battery type, the kind of battery, the nominal voltage, the nominal capacity and the charging time depending of the kind of working, single shift or two, three shift operation.The chargers are either wall mounted or floor mounted depending of the largeness of the chargers. Important is also a distance between the chargers of minimum 0,2 meter to get a good ventilation of the air. The mounting high should be selected that a good operation with the chargers is possible. Any installation of water must be below the chargers.Example for wall mounted chargers例如，墻上安裝充電機(jī)：5.通風(fēng)Ventilation5.1總則 General因?yàn)殡娊庖旱乃蛛x在電池腔內(nèi)形成氫氧混合氣體，這個(gè)過程是在接近電池充電結(jié)束時(shí)，即電池過充時(shí)發(fā)生 的，超過過充電壓就開始放氣階段。要設(shè)計(jì)電池充電房和充電站有足夠的自然通風(fēng)，如果需要強(qiáng)迫通風(fēng)，就應(yīng)該在始開充電時(shí)接通通風(fēng)裝置，進(jìn)風(fēng)盡可能的接近地面，經(jīng)過電池然后盡可能高的從對面排出。A battery cab form a gas mixture of hydrogen and oxygen due to the electrolytic decomposition of water. This gas develops particularly towards the end of battery charging or if the battery is overcharged. It is at it greatest above the voltage at which gassing starts.Battery charging rooms and battery charging stations shall where possible be designed so that the natural ventilation is sufficient. If artificial ventilation is necessary, it shall be ensured that the ventilation is switched on whilst charging is taken place.The inlet air shall enter as close as possible to the ground, pass over the batteries and escape as high as possible on the opposite side.5.2根據(jù)DIN VDE 0510 第三部分計(jì)算Calculation according DIN VDE 0510 part 3電池充電房和充電站的通風(fēng)，在充電時(shí)要考慮到至少有足夠的空氣流量Q,Q由以下公式?jīng)Q定：The ventilation of battery rooms and charging stations is regarded as adequate if during charging at least the volume of airflow Q, determined according to the following equation, is guaranteed.Q m/h = v x q x s x n x I這里where:Q空氣流量m3/h is a volume of airflow in m3/hv 稀釋系數(shù)，氫/空氣混合物在較低的爆炸限度時(shí)，空氣和氫氣體積之比(96% 空氣/4%氫氣 =24)is the dilution factor which is equal to the ratio of the amount by volume of air and hydrogen at the at the lower explosion limit of the hydrogen/air mixture (96% Luft/4%H2 =24)q 氫氣體積流量，與一個(gè)單體電池在0C 和1013 Pa時(shí)電解液Ah每A每 h的電流強(qiáng)度有關(guān)is the volumetric flow of hydrogen relative to the strength of the current which at 0C and 1013 hPa develops in one cell per A and per h due to electrolysis Ah (0,42E-3 m/h)s安全系數(shù)=5（船舶核潛艇=10）safety factor = 5 (ships and submarines = 10)n單體電池?cái)?shù)量is the number of cellsI 產(chǎn)生氫氣的電流安培數(shù)is the current level in A which causes the development of hydrogen電流I 的指導(dǎo)數(shù)Guide values for current ICharging characteristic curve充電特性曲線current level I per 100 Ah nominal capacity 每100Ah額定容量電流IWa- 特性 characteristic(4 A/100Ah)Wsa- 特性 characteristic(6 A/100Ah)WoWa- 特性characteristic(4 A/100Ah)IU- 到2.4V/Z的特性IU-characteristic up to 2,4 V/Z(2 A/100Ah)IUI- 特性characteristic(5A/100Ah)IU- 到2.25V/Z的特性IU-characteristic up to 2,25 V/Z1 AQ m/h = 0,05 x n x I A (v x q x s = 0,05 共計(jì) together)5.3 必備的空閑房屋空間計(jì)算*Calculation of the necessary free room space *:正常情況下，如果房屋足夠大，不必對充電房和充電站加專門通風(fēng)，公式如下：Normally at battery rooms and charging stations no special ventilation is necessary if the halls are large enough, the formula is:V = Q x 2,5 m寬wideL:.m伸deep B:.m高h(yuǎn)igh H:.m 體積volume V:.m (L x B x H)*不包含充電機(jī)體積、電池體積和其他*brut, without charger-volume, battery-volume and others例如：對具有WoWa特性曲線的充電機(jī)：對于這種特性已經(jīng)計(jì)算出每100Ah的電流為4A。Example for a charger with WoWa characteristic:At these characteristic the calculation is to be done with a current of 4A for each 100Ah battery capacity所充電池為：Batteries which will be recharged:10 個(gè)帶有 48 V / 400 Ah的電池電池?cái)?shù)量10額定電壓48每個(gè)電池所含單體電池24總單體電池?cái)?shù)240額定容量400放氣電流(A/100Ah): 4總放氣電流 (A/400Ah):1610 batteries with 48 V / 400 AhQuantity of batteries10Nominal voltage48Number of cells per battery24Total number of cells240Nominal capacity400Gassing current (A/100Ah): 4Total gassing current (A/400Ah):16Q m/h = 0,05 x n x I = 0,05 x 240 x 16 Q= 192 m/h如果用2.5 x Q計(jì)算不需要專門的通風(fēng)，空閑房屋空間要足夠大。A free net room space is enough, to work without ventilation, if the calculation is done with 2,5 x Q 2,5 x Q = 2,5 x 192 = 480 m對于空閑房屋空間480 m3來說，550 m3充電房足夠大。A charging room with 550 m3 is large enough if the free net space is 480m3. 例如，房屋可以選用w x d x h: 10x10x5.5mHall for example w x d x h: 10 x 10 x 5,5 m對于一個(gè)充電房內(nèi)所有電池都要進(jìn)行這樣的計(jì)算，即必須加入單個(gè)流量：This calculation has to be done for all batteries in a charging room, that means the single volumes of airflow had to be added. 總的Q = Q1.Qn之和 = V Q total = sum Q1.Qn = V空氣air空氣air空氣air空氣air5.5空氣通風(fēng)的構(gòu)成Construction of a ventilation專用電池充電房和充電站。Special for battery rooms and charging stations 6.室溫和氣候Room temperature and climate(同樣見3.2章“取暖”see also chapter 3.2 heating)充電站應(yīng)該具有+10 C到 +25C的室溫和干燥環(huán)境，以保證充電機(jī)和電池壽命。如果這些環(huán)境條件不能滿足，就要配備一些設(shè)備如：對充電機(jī)用空調(diào)，對電池用加熱電纜。設(shè)備的供貨商可以提供相關(guān)信息。A charging station should have a room temperature between +10 and +25C and a dry environment to solve the lifetime of chargers and batteries. Are these climate conditions not to realise so the used equipment had to be fit out for example air condition for the chargers or heating tables for the batteries. For this the supplier of the equipment can give informations.7. 加水Water topping帶液態(tài)電解液的電池，由于充電時(shí)會引起放氣過程而失去水分，必須再加水，根據(jù)DIN 43530或國標(biāo)必須加蒸餾水，一般的水會破壞電池。由充電極控制的不需維護(hù)的自動(dòng)加水系統(tǒng)對電池加水有益，在充電結(jié)束前的適當(dāng)時(shí)間進(jìn)行短時(shí)加水，電池必須有專門的添滿自關(guān)閉裝置 。自動(dòng)加水系統(tǒng)的壓力應(yīng)該是：最小 0.2 bar最大1 bar、 2到10米 ， 詢問電池供貨商有關(guān)加水系統(tǒng)的正確計(jì)劃。Batteries with liquid electrolyte lost water cause of the gassing during charge, this must be refilled. Therefor it must be used distilled water according DIN 43530 or national norms, normal water destroyed the battery. Automatically water topping systems without any maintain hold good cause controlled by the charger the refilling of water takes place at the correct time shortly before the charge will be finished. Batteries must have special self-closing crams.The pressure of the automatically water topping system should have minimum 0,2 and maximum 1 bar, especially 2 to 10 meter. Ask a battery supplier for the correct planning of a water topping system.8. 搬運(yùn)電池Batter