科技英語課文翻譯及答案課后答案和譯文.doc

科技英語考試題型與分值Part I Match the words with their definition. Fill the number of the word in the bracket. (5%)10個小題，每題0.5分。Part II Translate English phrases to Chinese or Chinese ones to English.(30%) 30個小題，每題1分。1-20英譯漢，21-30漢譯英。Part III. Translate the following sentences. (40%)10個句子，每個句子4分。1-5英譯漢，6-10漢譯英。Part IV. Reading comprehension (25%)A.Answer the following questions according to the articles in the textbook.(15%)5個問題，每題3分。BChoose the best answer from the four choices given. (10%)5個選擇題，每題2分。Unit 1 練習答案及課文譯文Part 2 Reading AI1 F 2 T3F 4T5T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.TII1. Reducing the time and cost of product development and production.2. The product cycle is composed of two main processes：the design process and the manufacturing process3. The activities involved in the design process can be classified largely as two types：synthesis and analysis4. Rapid prototyping is becoming popular because this technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the top 5. This includes the preparation of drawings，reports，and bills of materials.III1.d 2.e 3.b 4.j 5.i 6.c 7.f 8.h 9.g 10.aIV1.處理速度 2.用戶友好的交互圖形 3. 產(chǎn)品周期 4. 設(shè)計規(guī)格 5. 設(shè)計評價6.CAD 7.CAM 8.CAE 9.design process 10.production processV1. 除非能以較低的價格提供更好的質(zhì)量及更短的交貨時間提供新產(chǎn)品，否則任何企業(yè)都無法在當今的國際競爭中立足。2. 設(shè)計過程始于由市場人員認定的用戶需求，止于對產(chǎn)品的完整描述，通常用圖形來表現(xiàn)。3. 例如：尺寸縮小表示一張薄的材料由具有厚度屬性的等效曲面來代表，或一個細長區(qū)域由具有截面特性的線段來表示。4. 如圖10-1所示，制造過程根據(jù)設(shè)計過程的圖紙始于工藝計劃，止于實際的產(chǎn)品。5. 首先要導出一個分析模型，因為分析子過程適用于該模型而非設(shè)計本身。 VI. 1. Thus，to understand the role of CAD，CAM，and CAE，we need to examine the various activities and functions that must be accomplished in the design and manufacture of a product2. As illustrated in Fig. 10-1，the initial design activities（such as identification of thedesign need，formulation of design specifications，feasibility study with collectingrelevant design information，and design conceptualization）are part of the synthesis subprocess3. Once the conceptual design has been developed，the analysis subprocess begins with analysis and optimization of the design4. This technology enables the construction of a prototype by deposition layers from the bottom to the topThus it enables the construction of the prototype directly from its design because it requires basically the cross-sectional data of the product5. Once process planning has been completed，the actual product is produced and inspected against quality requirementsParts that pass the quality control inspection are assembled，functionally tested，packaged，labeled，and shipped to customersPart 4 Reading B. 1. F 2.F 3. T 4. F 5. T 6.F 7. F 8. T 9. T 10. F 1. It deals with the conception, design, development, refinement, and application of machines and mechanical apparatus of all kinds.2. Mechanical engineering.3. Professional engineering is concerned with obtaining solutions to practical problems.4. Creating a completely new design generally requires that many old and well-established methods be thrust aside.5. “Bugs” or unforeseen problems課文參考譯文：機械工程設(shè)計機械工程設(shè)計是工程學的一個重要部分，它涉及概念、設(shè)計、開發(fā)、完善以及各種各樣機器、機械設(shè)備的應用。對許多學生而言，機械工程設(shè)計是他們首先學習的專業(yè)工程課程之一。專業(yè)工程學涉及獲取實際問題的解決方法，因此工程師們能夠設(shè)計出解決實際問題的更好方法。機械工程設(shè)計的大多數(shù)問題并不只有唯一正確的答案。因此，現(xiàn)代機械工程師們才得以清晰設(shè)計出更好的滿足當今需求的方案。工程師必須運用對現(xiàn)有科學知識的最佳理解，再加上經(jīng)驗信息和良好的判斷力。在考慮一臺完整的機器（設(shè)計）時，工程師始終發(fā)現(xiàn)對各種各樣零部件的要求和限制是相互關(guān)聯(lián)的?，F(xiàn)代工程師越來越寬泛地考慮安全性、生態(tài)以及總體“壽命質(zhì)量”。好的設(shè)計要求不斷嘗試新想法并愿意冒一定風險，知道如果新想法不管用，還可以恢復使用現(xiàn)行的方法。因此，設(shè)計師必須有耐心，因為不能保證多付出了時間和努力就一定能成功。產(chǎn)生一項全新設(shè)計一般要求摒棄許多陳舊的、建立已久的方法。一名設(shè)計師應不斷尋求方法改進現(xiàn)有產(chǎn)品，同時決定應使用何種舊有的已被證明（正確）的概念并加入新穎且未被嘗試的想法。在新設(shè)計的優(yōu)越性特點被接受之前，該設(shè)計一般都有“毛病”或“不可預知的”必須解決的問題。因此，有產(chǎn)生優(yōu)越產(chǎn)品的可能，但只能以冒更高的風險為代價。必須強調(diào)的是，如該設(shè)計無法證明全新方法的權(quán)威性，就不能僅僅為改變而采用該方法。在設(shè)計初始階段，應允許創(chuàng)新大量出現(xiàn)而不受數(shù)量限制。盡管可能會出現(xiàn)許多不切實際的想法，但是在制造要求的最終確定的細節(jié)出臺之前的設(shè)計早期要淘汰這些想法通常很容易。在此情況下，革新性想法是不受禁止的。經(jīng)常，開發(fā)出的設(shè)計不止一種，多得到了彼此間可以相互比較的地步。完全可能的是：最終被接受的設(shè)計將使用那些被摒棄了的沒有表現(xiàn)出多大完全有希望的諸多想法之中的一種。還有一點必須承認的是：一名設(shè)計工程師若想讓自己的諸多想法被采納，必須能將這些想法和其他人溝通。將設(shè)計與其他人溝通交流是設(shè)計過程中最終而且最重要的一步。毫無疑問，許多偉大設(shè)計、發(fā)明以及創(chuàng)造性作品失傳人間是因為發(fā)明創(chuàng)作者們無法或不愿向他人解釋其成果。展示是一項推銷性工作。工程師，在向行政、管理或監(jiān)督人員展示一項新的解決方案時，是在試圖向這些人員推銷或證明該方案更好。如果這項工作做得不成功，那么在獲得該方案上所花的時間和努力就白費了。Unit 2 練習答案及課文譯文Part 2 Reading AI. 1. F 2. T 3. F 4. F 5.T 6. F 7. T 8. F 9. T 10. FII.1. Three. They are a Communication System, A Measurement system, A Feedback Control system.2.It is to accept the input signal from an input device (microphone), use this signal to control the amplitude of a radio frequency signal (each broadcast station is assigned its own radio frequency), and drive the output device (the antenna) with a radio frequency current to produce electromagnetic waves radiating into space.3. To acquire information from suitable transducers about the behavior of some physical system and to display this information to the observer.4. Is the feedback control system5. In which information about the behavior of the output modifies the signals driving the system.III. b f g c e d j h i aIV.1.調(diào)幅 2. 射頻 3. 冰點槽 4. 與成比例 5. 數(shù)字顯示器6. audio microphone 7. receiving system 8. transmitting system 9. on-off control 10. set the temperatureV. 1. 接收器的功能是放大或增加天線接收的相對較弱的信號的強度，過濾或選擇所需的其他廣播站的射頻信號，用射頻信號振幅的改變來恢復音頻信號，并用此音頻信號驅(qū)動揚聲器。2. 在測量系統(tǒng)中，每一個處理步驟都會將預計到的涉及查找和消除的任何小錯誤，添加到的信號上。3. 第三個系統(tǒng)是反饋控制系統(tǒng)，在該系統(tǒng)中，通過輸出性能的數(shù)據(jù)來調(diào)整驅(qū)動系統(tǒng)的信號。4. 這種恒溫調(diào)節(jié)器包含確定室內(nèi)溫度的輸入設(shè)備（通常，雙金屬帶隨溫度改變而彎曲），設(shè)置所需溫度的機械裝置（設(shè)置溫度的撥號盤），以及機械式開關(guān)，由雙金屬帶啟動，控制熔爐。5. 假設(shè)熔爐沒有開關(guān)裝置，房間的溫度，或者升到最高某個溫度（如果熔爐一直開著），或者降到最低的某個溫度（如熔爐一直關(guān)著）。VI. 1. The input can be speech, music, or data that is produced at one location and transmitted efficiently over long distances, permitting faithful recovery of the original input.2. Amplitude Modulation means that the amplitude or magnitude of a radio frequency (RF) signal is caused to vary according to the magnitude of a lower frequency signal (audio, corresponding to audible frequencies).， 3. The purpose of this system is to acquire information from suitable transducers about the behavior of some physical system and to display this information to the observer.4. The pair of thermocouple junctions, one attached to the object whose temperature is to be measured, the other submerged in an ice bath (to establish a stable reference point), presents to the processor a voltage that depends on the temperature difference between the object to be measured and the ice bath.5. This familiar example, which in fact includes no electrical components other than a switch, was chosen to emphasize the feedback concept.Part 4 Reading BI. 1.T 2.F 3.T 4.F 5.F 6.F 7.F 8.T 9.F 10.FII.1. It is a general purpose, programmable machine possessing certain humanlike characteristic.2. its arm3. They are similar in terms of power drive technology, feedback systems, etc.4. Because people tend to associate robots with high unemployment and the conquer of human beings by these machines.5. To reduce the humanoid impact. Unit 3 練習答案及課文譯文Part 2 Reading A Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage.1.F 2.T 3.F 4.F 5.T 6.F 7.T 8.T 9.F 10.FGive brief answers to the following questions. 1.Pixo is built in collaboration with Suzuki Motor in Delhi, India.2. Pixo is available with manual or automatic transmissions.3. Sales start from late spring 2009.4. The NuVu battery pack uses new laminated lithium-ion cells with a capacity of 140 wh/kg . 5.There are no door mirrors to disturb the airflow. Match the items listed in the following two columns.1-5 j f d c g6-10 e I h b a Translate the following expressions.1.手動或自動擋2.內(nèi)部設(shè)計3.薄板鋰離子電池4.太陽能電池板5.頭尾燈6 concept car7. Horse power8. test bed9. battery pack10. turning circleTranslate the following sentences into Chinese.1. 尼桑推出了一種新產(chǎn)品城市汽車Pixo和一款電力驅(qū)動的概念車NuVu，預示了尼桑未來的重點會放在電力驅(qū)動車上。2. 尼桑表示，如果個人的流動性水平持續(xù)下降的話，正在進行的城市化將推進對城市中駕駛的各類汽車進行徹底的重新思考。3. Nuvu最重要的方面是其內(nèi)部設(shè)計，聰明的整體設(shè)計提供了極大的舒適和空間。4. 兩個踏板，用于停車和前進。還有數(shù)字儀表盤來顯示速度，行駛距離和電池容量。5.憑借其輕巧的結(jié)構(gòu)，Pixo在NEDC(新歐洲循環(huán)駕駛 )試驗中產(chǎn)生的二氧化碳排放量低至103克/公里，燃料消耗量為4.6升 /100公里。 Translate the following sentences into English.1.Two screens on the dashboard display the view behind the car2. Around View Camera gives a birds eye view of the car when maneuvering or parking.3. It is our job to provide personal transportation that is better suited to peoples needs 。4. The car is available with manual or automatic transmissions.5. it does share some of the technology that will feature in the planned production vehicle.Part 4 Reading B Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage1.T 2.F3.T4.F5.F6.F7.T8.F9.T10.FGive brief answers to the following questions.1. An automobile includes four main parts: engine, body, chassis and electrical equipment.2. The chassis includes the transmission, suspension, steering, and brake systems. 3. The body provides a protective covering for the engine, passengers, and cargo. It is designed to keep passengers safe and comfortable. The body styling provides an attractive, colorful, modern appearance for the vehicle. 4. You put your car key into the ignition lock and turn it.5. When you press on the foot brake, friction bands push hard against the wheel drums and stop the wheels from turning. Unit 4 練習答案及課文譯文Part 2 Reading A Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage 1.T 2.F 3. T 4. F 5.TGive brief answers to the following questions 1. A system in which actions are controlled by the direct insertion of numerical data at some point. The system must automatically interpret at least some portion of this data.”2. The operator works with a sophisticated and expensive system, intelligence, clear thinking, and especially good judgment are essential qualifications of a good NC operator.3. The driving device may be a DC motor, a hydraulic actuator, or a stepping motor.4. Compared with a conventional machine tool, the NC system replaces the manual actions of the operator. In conventional machining a part is produced by moving a cutting tool along a workpiece by means of handwheels, which are guided by an operator.5.Because of their high durability and quality. Match the items listed in the following two columns 1. f 2. h 3. e 4. b 5. c 6. d 7. I 8. a 9. j 10. g Translate the following expressions 1.零件程序 2. 穿孔紙帶 3. 液壓致動器 4. 三維信息 5. 計算機數(shù)控6. EIA （Electronic Industries Association） 7. basic length-unit 8. in the form of9. servo actuator 10. stepping motorTranslate the following sentences into Chinese 1.在典型的數(shù)控系統(tǒng)中，制造零件所需的數(shù)值數(shù)據(jù)，即零件程序，被保存在穿孔帶上。2.和傳統(tǒng)的機床相比，數(shù)控系統(tǒng)取代了操作員的手工操作。3.工件程序設(shè)計員必須熟悉數(shù)控機床的功能和加工工藝，然后才能決定最佳的操作順序。4. DNC技術(shù)是目前制造業(yè)的先進技術(shù) ,是數(shù)控技術(shù)、通信技術(shù)、計算機網(wǎng)絡(luò)和數(shù)據(jù)庫等技術(shù)的綜合應用。5. 該驅(qū)動裝置可能是一個直流電動機，液壓致動器，或步進電機。對驅(qū)動裝置類型的選擇主要取決于機器對電源的要求 Translate the following sentences into English 1. Since the operator works with a sophisticated and expensive system, intelligence, clear thinking, and especially good judgment are essential qualifications of a good NC operator.2. The part dimensions are expressed in part programs by integers.3. In the 1960s, NC machines largely gave way to CNC, or computer numerical control machines.4.The advantage of using computer lies principally in the savings of programming time.5. They write the part program manually or by using a computer-assisted language, such as APT. Part 4 Reading BCheck Your Understanding Mark the following statements with T(true ) or F (false) according to the passage 1.F 2.F 3.F 4.T 5.F 6.T 7.F 8.F 9.T 10.TGive brief answers to the following questions 1. The programmer can avoid steps such as writing the program by hand, key punching and manual verification.2. He must repeat each word of the vocabulary about five times.3. About 30 words .4. To isolate each word.5. About one-tenth of a second or longer.Unit 5 練習答案及課文譯文Part 2 Reading A1.T 2. T 3. T 4. F 5. F1. The function of computer hardware components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage.2. They are: a light pen, a mouse, a joystick, a keyboard, touch-screen displays, an optical scanner, a microphone, a voice recognition module, a modem, a network interface card (NIC).3. RAM is also known as volatile memory because the information within the computer chips is lost when power to the computer is turned off.4. Flash memory is now very popular in portable devices with its high capacity, fast read/write speed, portability, convenient application and kinetic shock resistance, etc.5. Input hardware consists of external devicesthat provide information and instructions to the computer; output hardware consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the computers CPU to the computer user. 1. f 2. e 3. g 4. a 5. c 6. i 7. d 8. j 9. b 10. h1. 激光打印機 2. 局域網(wǎng) 3. 永久性存儲器 4. 光掃描儀 5. 電子電路6. modulator-demodulator 7. inked ribbon 8.read-only memory 9. digital versatile disc10. central processing unit(CPU)1. 鼠標是一個由手握住控制的定點裝置。 操縱桿(搖桿)是一個由杠桿構(gòu)成的定點裝置, 它在電腦屏幕上可多個方向移動操控光標或者其它的圖像。2. 網(wǎng)絡(luò)接口卡使得計算機通過類似于電話線的專門的電纜或者無線連接接入局域網(wǎng)。 大多數(shù)局域網(wǎng)是通過以標準以太網(wǎng)絡(luò)(1983年引進)連接的。3. 作為永久的計算機部件,硬盤驅(qū)動一般可以存儲大量信息,同時檢索資料的速度也非?？臁Ｏ啾戎?軟盤存儲較少的信息, 檢索速度也較慢。4. 只讀存儲器包括非常重要的信息和必須永久地可以用于電腦操作的軟件,例如總開機到關(guān)機自始至終指示計算機運行的操作系統(tǒng)。5. 陰極射線管,或者檢測器,看起來和電視機很象。通過使用一束光電子掃描磷光表面放射出光線, 形成圖像將中央處理器的信息顯示在顯示器上。 1. Computer hardware, equipment involved in the function of a computer, consists of the components that can be physically handled. The function of these components is typically divided into three main categories: input, output, and storage.2. Output hardware consists of internal and external devices that transfer information from the computers CPU to the computer user.3. Random access memory (RAM) is used to store the information and instructions that operate the computers programs. RAM is also known as volatile memory because the information within the computer chips is lost when power to the computer is turned off.4. A modem, which stands for modulator-demodulator, is a device that connects a computer to a telephone line or cable television network and allows information to be transmitted to or received from another computer. Each computer that sends or receives information must be connected to a modem.5. Computers can also output audio via a specialized chip on the motherboard or an add-on card called a sound card. Users can attach speakers or headphones to an output port to hear the audio produced by the computer. Part 4 Reading B 1. T 2. T. 3. T 4. F 5.F 6. F 7. T 8. T 9.F 10. T 1. When the “host” codes are executed, the viruses replicate themselves and may attempt to do something destructive. In this, they behave much like biological viruses. 2. Worms differ from viruses, though, in that they arent just bits of code that exist in other files.3. Because they operate in the background and dont appear in the task list. 4. The ability of RAT servers to initiate connections can also allow some of them to evade firewalls. An outgoing connection is usually permitted. Once a server contacts a client, the client and server can communicate, and the server begins following the instructions of the client. 5.Spybots, keybots or keylogger, Netbus, SubSeven, Bionet and Hackatack. Reading B 遠程管理特洛伊木馬（RAT）病毒 惡意軟件的世界常常分成兩類：病毒性和非病毒性。病毒是埋藏在其他程序中的很短的程序代碼。當“主”程序執(zhí)行時，病毒就復制自身，并企圖做些有破壞性的事。在此過程中，它們的行為很像生物病毒。 蠕蟲是一類計算機寄生蟲，可以把它們歸到病毒陣營，因為它們進行復制，從一臺計算機散布到另一臺計算機。 作為病毒，蠕蟲的有害行為常常只是復制這個行為。它們通過生成大量的電子郵件或申請連接的請求，使服務器沒法處理而導致計算機崩潰。 但蠕蟲也有別于病毒，它們不是存在于其他文件中的代碼。它們可以是整個文件，如Excel數(shù)據(jù)表格。它們不需要運行另一個程序就進行復制。 遠程管理（病毒）是另一類非病毒性惡意軟件特洛伊木馬（或更簡單地稱作木馬）的例子。這些程序的目的不是復制，而是滲透進去加以控制。它們偽裝成某種東西，但實際上是另一件東西，通常具有破壞性。 有多種類型的木馬病毒，其中包括間諜機器人（它在網(wǎng)站上報告計算機用戶來訪）和擊鍵機器人（它記錄和報告用戶的擊鍵，目的是為了發(fā)現(xiàn)口令和其他的保密信息）。 RAT病毒企圖讓遠程入侵者對受感染的計算機進行管理控制。它們以客戶機/服務器那樣的方式進行工作。服務器駐留在受感染的機器中，而客戶機位于網(wǎng)絡(luò)上能實施遠程入侵的其他地方。 利用標準的TCP/IP或UDP協(xié)議，該客戶機給服務器發(fā)送指令。服務器在受感染的計算機上做被告知的事情。 木馬病毒，含RAT病毒，通常由用戶、甚至最聰明的用戶不經(jīng)意地下載下來。訪問惡意的網(wǎng)站或者點擊惡意的鏈接都可能招致不想要的特洛伊病毒進入（計算機）。RAT病毒利用普通程序和瀏覽器中的弱點自行安裝。 一旦它們駐留在計算機中，RAT病毒是很難發(fā)現(xiàn)和去除的。對于Windows用戶，簡單地擊打CtrlAltDelete鍵并不能暴露RAT病毒，因為它們在后臺工作，不會出現(xiàn)在任務列表中。 有些非常窮兇極惡的RAT病毒設(shè)計成以一種即使在被發(fā)現(xiàn)后也非常難去除的方式安裝。 例如，Back Orifice RAT病毒的一個變種，叫G_Door，安裝其服務器作為Windows系統(tǒng)目錄中的Kernel32.exe，存活并鎖定在那里并控制注冊鍵。 活動的Kernel32.exe是不能去除的，重新啟動也不能清除注冊鍵。每次受感染的計算機開機，Kernel32.exe被再次啟動，并被激活和鎖定。 有些RAT病毒對已知的或標準的端口進行偵聽。其他的則對隨機的端口進行偵聽，通告它的客戶機，電子郵件連接到了哪些端口和哪些IP地址。 通過ISP（因特網(wǎng)服務提供商）連接到因特網(wǎng)上的計算機，雖然常常被認為比靜態(tài)的寬帶連接更安全，也可能被這樣的RAT病毒所控制。 RAT病毒服務器這種激活連接的能力，也能讓它們中的一些可以入侵防火墻。通常向外的連接是允許的，一旦服務器與客戶機建立聯(lián)系，客戶機和服務器就能進行通信，服務器就開始遵循客戶機的指令工作。 出于各種原因，系統(tǒng)管理員使用合法工具管理網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如記錄雇員的使用和下載程序更新（與某些遠程管理木馬病毒的功能非常相像）。這兩者間的差別可能是非常小的，遠程管理工具被入侵者使用就成了RAT病毒。 2001年4月，一名叫Gary McKin-non的失業(yè)的英國系統(tǒng)管理員利用合法的遠程管理工具Remotely Anywhere成功地控制了美國海軍網(wǎng)絡(luò)上的多臺計算機。 McKinnon通過黑客手段獲得目標計算機上未防護的口令和使用非法拷貝的Remotely Anywhere軟件，突破了美國海軍的網(wǎng)絡(luò)，利用該遠程管理工具偷竊信息、刪除文件和記錄。McKinnon從他女朋友的電子郵件賬號發(fā)起攻擊，這個賬號給偵查留下了線索。 一些有名的RAT病毒是Back Orifice的變種，如Netbus、SubSeven、 Bionet 和Hackatack。這些RAT病毒大多是一組程序，而不是單獨的一個程序。黑客把它們變成一個龐大的、具有類似功能的木馬病毒陣列。 Unit 6 練習答案及課文譯文Part 2Reading AI. 1. F 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 6. T 7.F 8.F 9. T 10. T II. 1. E-business is the application of Internet technologies to business processes./ E-business is taken as the extension of business on to the Internet.2. E-commerce is a subset of e-business, because the sales function is just one of the key business processes a commercial enterprise supports.3. Because it will help determine the scope and perspective of this analytical paper. 4. E-commerce is seen as being B2C (business to consumer), B2B (business to business) and B2G (business to government).5. An e-enterprise is defined as an enterprise prepared to conduct commerce in this new economy.III.1. c 2. d