被動語態(tài)講解及練習(xí)(附答案).doc

被動語態(tài)講解一、被動語態(tài)的構(gòu)成形式1. 被動語態(tài)的基本時態(tài)變化被動語態(tài)通常為十種時態(tài)的被動形式, 被動語態(tài)由be過去分詞構(gòu)成，be隨時態(tài)的變化而變化。以do為例，各種時態(tài)的被動語態(tài)形式為： 1) am/is/are +done (過去分詞) 一般現(xiàn)在時例Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits.2） has /have been done 現(xiàn)在完成時例All the preparations for the task have been completed, and were ready to start.3） am/is /are being done 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時例A new cinema is being built here4） was/were done 一般過去時例I was given ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.5） had been done 過去完成時例 By the end of last year, another new gymnasium had been completed in Beijing.6） was/were being done 過去進(jìn)行時例A meeting was being held when I was there.7） shall/will be done 一般將來時例Hundreds of jobs will be lost if the factory closes.8） should/would be done 過去將來時例The news would be sent to the soldiers mother as soon as it arrived.9） shall/will have been done 將來完成時（少用）例The project will have been completed before July.2. 被動語態(tài)的特殊結(jié)構(gòu)形式1)帶情態(tài)動詞的被動結(jié)構(gòu)。其形式為：情態(tài)動詞be過去分詞。例The baby should be taken good care of by the baby-sitter.2) 有些動詞可以有兩個賓語，在用于被動結(jié)構(gòu)時，可以把主動結(jié)構(gòu)中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z，另一賓語仍然保留在謂語后面。通常變?yōu)橹髡Z的是間接賓語。例His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改為 He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.3) 當(dāng)“動詞+賓語+賓語補(bǔ)足語”結(jié)構(gòu)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時，將賓語變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)中的主語，其余不動。例Someone caught the boy smoking a cigarette. 可改為The boy was caught smoking a cigarette.4）在使役動詞have, make, get以及感官動詞see, watch, notice, hear, feel, observe等后面不定式作賓語補(bǔ)語時，在主動結(jié)構(gòu)中不定式to要省略，但變?yōu)楸粍咏Y(jié)構(gòu)時，要加to。例Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 可改為A stranger was seen to walk into the building.3. 非謂語動詞的被動語態(tài)v.+ing 形式及不定式 to do 也有被動語態(tài)(一般時態(tài)和完成時態(tài)) 。例I dont like being laughed at in the public.二、 It is said that+從句及其他類似句型It is said that 據(jù)說, It is reported that據(jù)報道，It is believed that大家相信， It is hoped that大家希望，It is well known that眾所周知， It is thought that大家認(rèn)為，It is suggested that據(jù)建議。例It is said that the boy has passed the national exam. （The boy is said to have passed the national exam. ）三、謂語動詞的主動形式表示被動意義1.英語中有很多動詞如 break，drive，lock，open，sell，read，write，wash等，當(dāng)它們被用作不及物動詞來描述主語特征時，常用其主動形式 表達(dá)被動意義,主語通常是物。例 This kind of cloth washes well.注意：主動語態(tài)表被動強(qiáng)調(diào)的是主語的特征，而被動語態(tài)則強(qiáng)調(diào)外界作用造成的影響。 試比較：The door wont lock （指門本身有毛病） The door wont be locked （指不會有人來鎖門, 指“門沒有鎖”是人的原因）2. 表示“發(fā)生、進(jìn)行”的不及物動詞和短語，如：happen, take place, come out, come true, 等以主動形式表示被動意義。例 How do the newspapers come out? 這些報紙是如何印出來的呢？3. 系動詞沒有被動形式, 但有些表示感受、感官的連系動詞feel, sound, taste, look, feel等在主系表結(jié)構(gòu)中常以主動形式表示被動意義。 例Your reason sounds reasonable四、非謂語動詞的主動形式表被動意義在某些句型中可用動名詞和不定式的主動形式表被動意義 。1 在need，want，require,等詞的后面，動名詞用主動形式表示被動意義，其含義相當(dāng)于動詞不定式的被動形式。 例The house needs repairing（to be repaired）這房子需要修理。2 形容詞worth后面跟動名詞的主動形式表示被動含義，但不能跟動詞不定式；而worthy后面跟動詞不定式的被動形式。 例The picture-book is well worth reading（The picture-book is very worthy to be read）3. 動詞不定式在名詞后面作定語，不定式和名詞之間有動賓關(guān)系時，又和句中另一名詞或代詞構(gòu)成主謂關(guān)系, 不定式的主動形式表示被動含義。例 I have a lot of things to do this afternoon (to do與things是動賓關(guān)系，與I是主謂關(guān)系。)試比較：Ill go to the post office. Do you have a letter to be posted? ( 此處用不定式的被動語態(tài)作定語表明you不是post動作的執(zhí)行者。)被動語態(tài)專項練習(xí)選擇題1._ a new library _ in our school last year?A. Is ; built B. Was ; built C. Does ; build D .Did ; build2.An accident _ on this road last week. A. has been happened B. was happened C. is happened D. happened3.Cotton _ in the southeast of China. A. is grown B. are grown C .grows D. grow4.So far, the moon _ by man already. A. is visited B. will be visited C. has been visited D. was visited5.A talk on Chinese history _ in the school hall next week. A. is given B. has been given C. will be given D. gives6.A lot of things _ by people to save the little girl now. A. are doing B. are being done C. has been done D. will be done7.The doctor _ for yet. A. isnt sent B. hasnt been sent C. wont be sent D. wasnt sent8.-When _ this kind of computer_? -Last year. A. did; use B. was; used C. is; used D. are; used9.Who _ this book _? A. did; written B. was; written by C. did; written D .was; written10.Mary _ show me her new dictionary. A. has asked to B. was asked to C. is asked D .asks to11.A story _ by Granny yesterday. A. was told us B. was told to us C. is told us D .told us12.The monkey was seen _ off the tree. A. jump B. jumps C. jumped D. to jump13.Older people _ well. A. looks after B .must be looked after C. must look after D .looked after14.Our teacher _ carefully. A. should be listened to B. should be listen C. be listened D. is listened15. In some part of the world, tea _ with milk and sugar. A. is serving B. is served C. serves D. served16. It was reported that the murderer _ arrested. A. has been B. had been C. has D. had17. Do you think that the bridge _ in a year? A. would be completed B. will be completed C. had been completed D. is being completed18. Great changes _ in China since the Peoples Republic of China _ in 1949. A. have taken place; was founded B. has taken place; was founded C. have been taken place; founded D. took place; founded19.Why does Ling Ling look so unhappy? She has _ by her classmates. A. laughed B. laughed at C. been laughed D. been laughed at20. Doctors _ in every part of the world. A. need B. are needing C. are needed D. will need21. I promise that matter will _. A. be taken care B. be taken care of C. take care D. take care of22. No permission has _ for anybody to enter the building. A. been given B. given C. to give D. be given23. I _ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer. A. gave B. was given C. was giving D. had given24. Can such a thing _ happening again? A. prevent from B. prevented from C. be prevented from D. to prevent from25. A new house _ at the corner of the road. A. is building B. is being built C. been built D. be building26. This bike _ last year. A. bought B. has been bought C. was bought D. had been bought27. Did you see the house that _ by fire last year? A. was destroying B. destroyed C. would destroy D. was destroyed28. It _ whether she will get her work in the hospital. A. hasnt been decided B. isnt deciding C. doesnt decide D. hasnt decided29. The pen _ me. It is hers. A. isnt belong to B. wasnt belong to C. doesnt belong to D. didnt belong to30. I cant use my bike because it _. A. is repairing B. is being repaired C. will repair D. was repairing31. The chairman told the speaker that she _ to speak a little louder so as to make herself _.A. was expected; heard B. had expected; hear . C had hoped; hear D. was hoped; heard32 The window is dirty. I know. It _ for weeks. A. hasnt cleaned B. didnt clean C. wasnt cleaned D. hasnt been cleaned33. By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _ in Beijing. A. would be completed B. was being completed C. has been completed D. had been completed34.How long _ at this job? Since 1990. A. were you employed B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D .will you be employed35.What happened to the priceless works of art? _. A. They were destroyed in the earthquake B. The earthquake was destroying them C. They destroyed in the earthquake D. The earthquake destroyed them36. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquak