暑假專題：謂語動詞的人稱變化——主謂一致.doc

暑假專題：謂語動詞的人稱變化主謂一致英文中主語和謂語必須在人稱、數(shù)量方面保持一致，這就是主謂一致。當(dāng)句子的主語涉及到不同的人稱時(shí)，謂語動詞的第一動詞要與主語的人稱和單復(fù)數(shù)保持一致。主謂一致的關(guān)鍵是判斷主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)。例：I raise my arm.我抬起我的手臂。He raises his arm.他抬起他的手臂。1. 主謂一致主要體現(xiàn)在主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，謂語動詞要變成相應(yīng)的單數(shù)形式。動詞第三人稱單數(shù)的變化規(guī)則與名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)相同。例：He buys a new bicycle.他買了一輛新的自行車。They buy a new bicycle. 他們買了一輛新的自行車。2. 謂語和主語的單復(fù)數(shù)一致，實(shí)際上只反映在第一個(gè)動詞之上。例：He has seen her in the garden.他在花園中見到了他。I have seen her in the garden. 我在花園中見到了他。規(guī)則總結(jié)主謂一致的三個(gè)原則語法一致、意義一致、就近一致，請見下表：用 法例 句語 法 一 致一、 視 名 詞 中 心 詞 的 數(shù) 而定1. 主語為單數(shù)名詞或單數(shù)第三人稱代詞時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。The park is very beautiful.He works for a joint-venture.2. 主語為one, one of, 由some, any, no, every構(gòu)成的合成代詞或more than one時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Nobody believes it.More than one book in my library has been stolen.3. 主語為many a時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。Many a clever boy has asked such silly questions.4. each, either, neither, another作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用單數(shù)。Neither of them has taken away the book.5. 主語為復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。Many students like swimming.6. 集合名詞people, police等作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。People were cheered and waved when the Prime Minister arrived at the airport.7. 主語為a group(number)of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。A group of students have made this proposal.8. and連接的兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上名詞或代詞做主語時(shí)，謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式。Jack and Peter come to see you.9. 主語為a part of 時(shí)， 如果名詞為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)；a part of 后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，謂語用單數(shù)。A large part of passengers were hurt in the accident.10. 集合名詞family, class等作主語時(shí)，如看作整體，謂語動詞用單數(shù)；如強(qiáng)調(diào)個(gè)體，則謂語動詞用復(fù)數(shù)。My family has lived here for twenty years.The class are having a meeting.11. 主語為單數(shù)或復(fù)數(shù)名詞，后接together with, along with, accompanied by 或as well as 等，詞組的數(shù)決定于作主語的名詞中心詞。The actress, along with her manager and some friends, is going to a party downtown this evening.意 義 一 致二 、只求內(nèi)在含義的一致12. 表示度量、時(shí)間等概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語時(shí)，根據(jù)意義一致的原則，把這些復(fù)數(shù)名詞看作一個(gè)整體，謂語動詞采取單數(shù)形式。Ten dollars is not enough.Three years passes in no time at all in a quiet village.13. 加s的名詞作主語，如果該詞含義為復(fù)數(shù)，謂語動詞采取復(fù)數(shù)形式；含義為單數(shù)，謂語動詞采取單數(shù)形式。Politics is often a topic for discussion among us.（指政治這一課題）What are your politics?(指政治觀點(diǎn))就 近 一 致三、謂語形式與最靠近它的主語名詞一致14. 當(dāng)名詞化的形容詞作主語時(shí)，指一類人時(shí)，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式；指物時(shí)多用單數(shù)謂語。Those badly injured are taken away.(指受傷的人)The progressive is sure to prevail over the conservative.（指勢力）15. 動名詞或what引導(dǎo)的從句作主語時(shí)，若指的是并列的兩個(gè)概念，謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式。What is right and what is wrong are of no small sense in such a case.Saying and doing are two things of no small measure.16. 由not onlybut also，eitheror，neithernor引導(dǎo)的主語中，謂語動詞應(yīng)采取就近一致原則，與距離最近的主語保持一致。Neither the president of the company, nor the sales manager has a Mster Degree.17. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)句的“It is + 代詞 + that/who”結(jié)構(gòu)中，從句謂語與it is + that/who中強(qiáng)調(diào)部分的主語一致。It is the irony of fate that brings these two men together.It is I who am not willing to accept your offer.18. 在“There + be + 主語”的句型中也常采用就近原則（但也往往按主語的實(shí)際數(shù)量使用相應(yīng)的謂語形式）。There is a dictionary and many books on the desk.There are many books and a dictionary on the desk.19. 在以“one of + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞 + who”引導(dǎo)的定語從句中，從句謂語動詞可根據(jù)強(qiáng)調(diào)的實(shí)際人數(shù)或就近原則用復(fù)數(shù)或單數(shù)。John is one of my close friends who are always ready to help when I am in trouble.John is the only one of my close friends who is always ready to help when I am in trouble.20. some, any, none, half作主語時(shí)，謂語動詞的單、復(fù)數(shù)形式視情況而定。Half of the students are boys.Half is enough.【典型例題】1. No one except two students _ the meeting.A. has been late forB. have been late forC. was late for D. were late for2. All but him and me _ to the exhibition.A. am going B. is goingC. are going D. was going3. Interest, as well as prospects, _ important when one looks for a job.A. are B. were C. is D. was4. The president, accompanied by his assistants, _.A. have arrived B. are arrivingC. had arrived D. has arrived5. A number of cars _ in front of the parkA. is parkedB. was parked C. are parked D. has parked參考答案15 CCCDC 【模擬試題】（答題時(shí)間：25分鐘）1. Each of you _ responsible for the accident.A. am B. be C. isD. are2. Each man and woman _ the same rights.A. has B. have C. had D. is having3. Every means _ tried but without much result.A. has been B. have beenC. areD. is4. There _ in this room.A. are too much furniture B. is too many furnituresC. are too much furnituresD. is too much furniture5. The manager or his assistant _ planning to go.A. were B. areC. was D. be6. Not only I but also David and Iris _ fond of playing basketball.A. am B. is C. are D. was7. Neither Tom nor his parents _ at home.A. is B. are C. has D. was8. Either the dean or the principal _ the meeting.A. attendsB. attendC. are attending D. have attended9. _ was wrong.A. Not the teacher but the students B. Both the students and the teacherC. Neither the teacher not the studentsD. Not the students but the teacher10.“_ twenty dollars a big sum to her?”“I suppose so.”A. Will beB. Is C. Are D. Were11. Three hours _ enough for us to finish the task.A. areB. has C. is D. were12. Most of his savings _ in the Xin Hua Bank.A. has been keptB. is being kept C. have kept D. have been kept13. All that can be done _.A. has done B. has been done C. have done D. have been done14. One or perhaps more pages _.A. is missing B. has been missed C. are missing D. was missing15. More than one worker _ dismissed.A. have been B. areC. has beenD. has16. Many a student _ the importance of learning a foreign language.A. have realized B. has realizeC. have been realized D. has been realized17. The gas works _ near the city.A. is B. areC. wereD. be18. The surroundings of his house _ clean now.A. isB. are C. wasD. were19. The committee _ over the problem among themselves for two hours.A. has argued B. has been arguingC. have argued D. have been arguing20. The public _ generous in their contributions to the earthquake victims.A. is B. was C. are D. has been21. Cattle _ on the hillside.A. grazes B. is grazing C. was grazingD. were grazing22. Her politics _ neither conservative nor liberal.A. is B. are C. was D. has been23. Measles _ a kind of infectious illness.A. is B. areC. wereD. have been24. The Philippines _ to the south-east of China.A. liesB. lie C. lay D. lays25. Mary is one of the girls who _ always