新概念語法.docx

新概念英語一冊(cè)語法總結(jié)一、時(shí)態(tài) 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，一般過去時(shí)，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)，一般將來時(shí)，過去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過去完成時(shí)，過去將來時(shí) 1. 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí) 表示一般性，經(jīng)常性的動(dòng)作或一般性事實(shí)。 (1)含有be動(dòng)詞的句子 一般肯定句 He is a teacher. The girl is very beautiful. Tim and Jack are students. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 Is he a teacher? Is the girl very beautiful? Are Tim and Jack students? 變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not He is not a teacher. The girl is not very beautiful. Tim and Jack are not students. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, he is. No, he is not. Yes, she is. No, she is not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. (2)不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，即含有一般動(dòng)詞的句子 A、第三人稱單數(shù)及單數(shù)名詞 一般肯定句 He likes books. She likes him. The dog likes bones. 變疑問句在句首加does, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?Does he like books? Does she like him? Does the dog like bones? 變否定句在主語及動(dòng)詞之間加doesnt, 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?原句中的動(dòng)詞不再有第三人稱變化。 He doesnt like books. She doesnt like him. The dog doesnt like bones. 肯定回答及否定回答： Yes, he does. No, he doesnt. Yes, she does. No, she doesnt Yes, it does. No, it doesnt. 注意：第三人稱單數(shù)形式一般在動(dòng)詞后面加S，不要和名詞復(fù)數(shù)混淆，變否定句或疑問句時(shí)名詞復(fù)數(shù)沒有任何變化。 B、其他人稱及復(fù)數(shù)名詞 一般肯定句 I want to have a bath. We have some meat. The students like smart teachers. 變疑問句在句首加do Do you want to have a bath? Do we have any meat? Do the students like smart teachers? 變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加dont. You dont want to have a bath. We dont have any meat. The students dont like smart teachers. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I do. No, I dont. Yes, we do. No, we dont Yes, they do. No, they dont. 2. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 構(gòu)成： 主語be動(dòng)詞動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞其它成分（現(xiàn)在分詞的構(gòu)成見附錄） 一般肯定句 We are having lunch. He is reading a book. The dog is running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 Are we having lunch? Is he reading a book? Is the dog running after a cat? Are the boys swimming across the river? 變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加 not We are not having lunch. He is not reading a book. The dog is not running after a cat. The boys are swimming across the river. 特殊疑問句：what, which, how, where, who, etc. 疑問詞動(dòng)詞主語現(xiàn)在分詞 What are you doing? What is she doing? What is the dog doing? (必背) 沒有進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞 表示狀態(tài)，思想，感情和感覺的動(dòng)詞不能表示正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作 1. 表示感覺，感官的詞 see, hear, like, love, want, 2. have, has當(dāng)“擁有”講時(shí)候沒有進(jìn)行時(shí) 3. 一般過去時(shí) 表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或事件， 常和表示過去的時(shí)間狀語連用，如yesterday, last night, the day before yesterday, 3 days ago, （1）含有be動(dòng)詞的句子， 將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，am, is的過去式為was，are的過去式為were 一般肯定句 I was at the butchers. You were a student a year ago. The teacher was very beautiful ten years ago. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移動(dòng)到句首 Were you at the butchers? Were you a student a year ago? Was the teacher very beautiful ten years ago? 變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not I was not at the butchers. You were not a student a year ago. The teacher was not very beautiful ten years ago. 肯定回答否定回答 Yes, I was. No, I was not. Yes, you were. No, you were not. Yes, he/she was. No, he/she was not. 特殊疑問句： What did you do? (必背) （2）不含有be動(dòng)詞的句子，將動(dòng)詞變?yōu)檫^去式，動(dòng)詞過去式構(gòu)成見附錄 一般肯定句 I finished my homework yesterday. The boy went to a restaurant. The Sawyers lived at King Street a year ago. 變疑問句在句首加did， 動(dòng)詞變?yōu)樵?Did you finish your homework yesterday? Did the boy go to a restaurant? Did the Sawyers live at King Street a year ago? 變否定句在主語和動(dòng)詞之間加did not I did not finish my homework yesterday. The boy did not go to a restaurant. The Sawyers did not live at King Street a year ago. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I did. No, I didnt. Yes, he did. No, he didnt. Yes, they did. No, they did not. 4. 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí) 構(gòu)成：主語+助動(dòng)詞have, has+過去分詞 A、用法： （1) 表示過去發(fā)生的和現(xiàn)在有某種聯(lián)系的動(dòng)作，常和just, usually, already, since等時(shí)間副詞連用 I have just had lunch. (飽了，不用再吃了) He has had a cup of tea.（不渴了，不用再喝） They have already had their holiday. （不能再度假了） The boy has already read the book. （已經(jīng)知道書的內(nèi)容了，不用再看了） （2) 詢問別人是否做過某事一般用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)： Have you finished your homework? Have you been to Beijing? Have he seen the film? （3) 表示開始于過去并持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作 I have lived in Beijing for twenty years. I have worked for this school for 1 year. （4) 表示一種經(jīng)歷，經(jīng)驗(yàn)：去過地方，做過事情，經(jīng)歷過事情 I have never had a bath. I have never seen a film. I have never been to cinema. I have ever been to Paris. Have been to表示去過，have gone to 表示去了 I have been to London.(人已經(jīng)回來) He has gone to London.（人還在那里） （5) 表示一種結(jié)果， 一般不和時(shí)間副詞聯(lián)用 I have lost my pen. I have hurt myself. He has become a teacher. She has broken my heart. B、句型變化： 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首，變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not. e.g. Have you lost your pen? I have not lost my pen. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I have. No, I have not.特殊疑問句： What have you done? What has he done? 一般過去時(shí)與現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的區(qū)別： 凡是有明確的表示過去的時(shí)間狀語的句子為過去時(shí) 注意：有些動(dòng)詞表示的動(dòng)作有一個(gè)終點(diǎn)，不能再延續(xù)，因此不能和表示一段時(shí)間狀語連用 錯(cuò)：Ive left Beijing for 3 days. 對(duì)：I left Beijing 3 days ago. I have been away from being for 3 days. 5. 一般將來時(shí) 表示將來將要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作， 經(jīng)常和tomorrow, next year, the day after tomorrow, the year after the next, in five hours time, etc. 表示將來的詞聯(lián)用 結(jié)構(gòu)： 主語+助動(dòng)詞will+動(dòng)詞原形 一般肯定句 I will go to America tomorrow. The pilot will fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will move into his new house tomorrow morning. 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首 Will you go to America tomorrow? Will the pilot fly to Japan the month after the next? Will Jack move into his new house tomorrow morning? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not I will not go to America tomorrow. The pilot will not fly to Japan the month after the next. Jack will not move into his new house tomorrow morning 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I will. No, I will not. Yes, he/she will. No, he/she will not. Yes, he will. No, he will not. 特殊疑問句： What will you do? 6. 過去完成時(shí)： 用法：在過去的時(shí)間里，兩個(gè)動(dòng)作中，發(fā)生在前的哪個(gè)動(dòng)作要用過去完成時(shí)。 結(jié)構(gòu)：had+過去分詞 一般肯定句 After she had finished her homework, she went shopping. They had sold the car before I asked the price. The train had left before I arrived at the station. After/before引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句放在句首要在句子后面加逗號(hào)，如果放在主句后則不用加。 變疑問句將助動(dòng)詞移到句首 Had she finished her homework? 變否定句在助動(dòng)詞后面加not She hadnt finished her homework. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, she had. No, she hadnt. 特殊疑問句： What had she done? 7. 過去進(jìn)行時(shí) 表示過去正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,經(jīng)常用在when, while, as引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中。 結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+doing When my husband was going into the dining room this morning, he dropped some coins on the floor. While we were having dinner, my father was watching TV. 8 過去將來時(shí) 結(jié)構(gòu)：would do She said she would go here the next morning. 一特殊句型：there be 句型，be going to 結(jié)構(gòu)1. Be going to 結(jié)構(gòu) 表示打算，準(zhǔn)備，計(jì)劃做某事 結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be動(dòng)詞+going to +動(dòng)詞原型 I am going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 Are you going to make a bookcase? Are they going to paint it? Is the father going to give the bookcase to his daughter? 變否定句在be動(dòng)詞后面加not I am not going to make a bookcase. They are going to paint it. The father is not going to give the bookcase to his daughter. 肯定回答及否定回答 Yes, I am. No, I am not. Yes, they are. No, they are not. Yes, he is. No, he is not. 特殊疑問句 What are you going to do? What are they going to do? What is the father going to do? (必背) 2. There be 句型 表示哪里有什么東西(某處有某物) There is單數(shù)名詞表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組） There is a book in this room. There is a pen on the table There are復(fù)數(shù)名詞表示場(chǎng)所的詞（一般為介詞詞組） There are two pens on the table. There are three schools there. 變疑問句將be動(dòng)詞移到句首 Is there a book in this room? Are there two pens on the table? 變否定句在動(dòng)詞后面加not There is not a book in this room. There are not two pens on the table. 肯定回答及否定回答Yes, there is. No, there is not. Yes, there are. No, there are not. 一 問句： 一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，選擇疑問句，反意疑問句，選擇疑問句，否定疑問句 一般疑問句: 助動(dòng)詞/be動(dòng)詞+主語 Are you a teacher? Do you want to have a cup of tea? 特殊疑問句: 特殊疑問詞+一般疑問句 What is your name? 選擇疑問句: or Do you want beef or lamb? 反意疑問句: 肯定陳述句+否定疑問部分， 否定陳述部分+肯定疑問部分 You dont need that pen, do you? 否定疑問句: 一般疑問句+否定詞 Arent you lucky? Dont you want have a rest? 二冠詞用法：a/an/the的一般用法 詳細(xì)見筆記 三、限定詞：some, any, many, much some, any 修飾可數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，some用于肯定句，any用于否定句和疑問句，注意，當(dāng)期待對(duì)方的答案為肯定回答時(shí)用some many修飾可數(shù)名詞，much修飾不可數(shù)名詞，在口語中表示很多一般不用many, much, 而用a lot of, 在否定句中表示很多用many, much. I have a lot of money. I do