同位語從句重難點解析及習題.doc

同位語從句重難點解析（含習題）一、 同位語從句概述 同位語從句是用以解釋說明某一名詞內容的從句，常見的可以被同位語從句修飾的名詞有：belief,chance,doubt,hope,idea,news,opinion,thought,promise等。引導同位語從句的詞有連詞that,whether和副詞how,when,where等。二、 同位語從句點撥（1） 同位語從句是意義完整的陳述句時，用連詞that引導。注：that在從句中不充當任何成分，只起連接作用，通常不省略。如：I got the news that he would come to see me the next week.（2） 同位語從句是疑問句時，應根據語境選用who,when ,where,how,whether(不能用if)等詞來引導。如：The question who is the best for the job requires consideration.（3） 分隔式同位語從句：當主句的謂語較短，而同位語從句較長時，為了使句子保持平衡，常把同位語從句后置。如：An idea came to him that he could buy her a diamond ring.（4） 后面常跟同位語的詞有：doubt,fact,hope,idea,message,news,possibility,promise,question,suggestion,truth,thought,warning,wish等。注：advice,order,suggestion等詞表示建議、命令的詞后的同位語從句中的謂語動詞須用(should) +動詞原形。如：He made the suggestion that the meeting(should) be put off.三、 同位語從句與定語從句的區(qū)別（1） 所表達的內容不同：同位語從句和定語從句一般是放在某一名詞后面，但同位語從句是對該名詞的解釋和說明，而定語從句是對該名詞的修飾，說明它的性質特征。如：The fact that he presented was a strong proof. 他所提供的事實是一個強有力的證據。（定語從句） The fact that she hadnt said anything surprised us all. 她一言不發(fā)的事實讓我們每一個人都很驚訝。（同位語從句） （2） 在句中所起的語法作用不同：引導定語從句的that是關系代詞，它的作用是連接主句和從句，并代表先行詞在從句中充當句子成分，而且that作賓語時可省略，指物時，可以用which代替。引導同位語從句的that是連詞，只起連接主句和從句的作用，它不充當任何成分，不能省略，也不可被which代替。 如: We expressed the hope that Mr and Mrs Smith would come to visit China the next year. 我們表達了希望史密斯夫婦第二年到中國來訪的愿望。（同位語從句） The news(that/which)we heard spread all over the city. 我們所聽到的消息傳遍了整個城市。（定語從句）（3） 所修飾的詞不盡相同：同位語從句所修飾的名詞數量有限，往往是含有某種信息的詞，如：message,news,fact,hope,desire,problem,idea,suggestion,advice,questtion,order,belief,doubt,fear,truth,throught等，而定語從句修飾的先行詞無此限制。 （4） wh-引導詞引導同位語從句時，有其本身的疑問含義；引導定語從句時則沒有疑問的意思。如；I have no idea where the meeting will be held.（同位語從句）He is the only one of these boys who can speak Franch.（定語從句）四、 相關練習(1)There is no obvious evidence_there is life on any other planet in the solar system.A.which B.that C.how D.where解析：選B沒有確鑿的證據證明太陽系的其他行星上有生命。Evidence后的同位語從句不缺少任何成分，故用that引導。(2)My friend showed me round the town,_was very kind of him.A.which B.that C.where D.it解析：選A 我的朋友領我參觀了這個城鎮(zhèn)，他真好。非限制性定語從句缺少主語，所以用which引導，先行詞是前面的整個句子。That不能引導非限制性定語從句；where引導定語從句在從句中作狀語；it不能引導從句。(3)Many children,_parents are away working in big cities,are taken good care of in the village.A.their B.whose C.of them D.with whom解析： 選B許多孩子的父母遠在大城市打工，這些孩子在鄉(xiāng)村都得到了很好的照顧。根據句子結構判斷，逗號后面是定語從句，從句主語parents前缺少定語，故用關系代詞whose引導。Their和of them 不能引導定語從句；with whom 不能作定語。(4)Its helpful to put children in a situation _ they can see themselves differently.A.that B.when C.which D.where(5)Many young people in the West are expected to leave _ could be lifes most important decisionmarriage-almost entirely up to luck.A.as B.that C.which D.what解析： 選D 許多西方年輕人可能會把自己一生最重要的決定-婚姻，幾乎完全寄托于運氣。Leave在此是及物動詞，表示“把留給某人決定”，所選項引導其賓語從句并在從句中作主語，所以選連接代詞what。As不引導名詞性從句；that引導名詞性從句不作成分；which表示選擇意義，意為“哪一個”。Practice1.The fact _ she works hard is well known to us all. A.that B.what C.why D.which 2.The fact _ he was successful proves his ability. A.that B.what C.which D.why 3.The news _ he was kidnapped surprised us greatly. A.what B.that C.why D.when 4.His suggestion _ the meeting be delayed was turned down. A.which B.that C./D.it 5.I have no idea _ he will start. A.when B.that C.what D./ 6.Ive come from the government with a message _ the meeting wont be held tomorrow. A.if B.that C.whether D.which 7.The thought _ he might fail in the exam worried him. A.when B.which C.what D.that 8.The order _ the prisoner be set free arrived too late. A.which B.whether C.that D.what 9.The nurses are trying their best t