初中牛津英語九年級下詞組、重點(diǎn)句型和語法.doc

初中牛津英語9年級下Unit1 詞組be cared for by robots 被機(jī)器人照顧in the form of pills 以藥片的形狀pills- small round medicines小而圓的藥imagine doing sth 想像做某事an imaginative writer一個(gè)充滿想像力的作家on the planet Mars 在火星上more and more crowded 越來越擁擠The bus is crowded with people. 那輛公共汽車上擠滿了人.pollute our environment 污染我們的環(huán)境air/water pollution空氣/水污染Humans/Human beings need food, water and air to survive. 人類需要食物,水和空氣生存.man n. 人類 (謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù))Scientists will develop plants that can grow on Mars.科學(xué)家們將開發(fā)能夠在火星上生長的植物.a developing country 發(fā)展中國家a developed country 發(fā)達(dá)國家development projects 發(fā)展項(xiàng)目float away into space 漂浮進(jìn)入太空have a fashion show 舉行時(shí)裝表演compared with 與作比較comparewith比較與enjoy doing sth. 喜歡做某事enjoy oneself 玩得開心act normally 舉止正常dried food 壓縮食品dry the dishes 把盤子弄干warm and dry clothes 保暖干爽的衣服on the surface of 在的表面advantages / disadvantages of living on Mars 生活在火星上的優(yōu)點(diǎn)/缺點(diǎn)start with a discussion 以討論開始discuss/ talk about 討論某事The public transport system is specially designed to be comfortable.公共交通系統(tǒng)被特別地設(shè)計(jì)是為了舒適.How do you like life on Mars?你覺得火星上的生活怎么樣?play the guitar 彈吉它a pair of sunglasses 一副太陽鏡dream about camping on the moon 夢想到月球上野營by the year 2100 到2100年first of all 首先travel at half the speed of light 以光速一半的速度行駛the early settlers 早期的移居者The gravity on Mars is only three-eights of that on Earth. 火星上的重力僅僅是地球上重力的八分之三.There will be various designs for settlers to choose from.將有各種各樣的款式供移民們從中選擇.a computer connected to an interplanetary network 與星際網(wǎng)絡(luò)相連的電腦in some ways 在某些方面a force that keeps us from floating in the air 阻止我們漂到空中的力量The population on Earth is still increasing quickly. 地球上的人口仍然在快速增長.The population of China is large. 中國人口多.15. tie ourselves to the planet 把我們系到行星上many kinds of food with different taste許多種不同口味的食品be fixed to the walls 被固定在墻上in the solar system 在太陽系中 move away from Earth 搬離地球be quite different from the situation on Earth 與地球上的情況相當(dāng)不同worry about living there 擔(dān)心生活在那兒be afraid of seeing aliens 害怕看見外星人do harm to them 對他們有傷害get ill from living there由于生活在那兒生病complete a circle around the sun繞太陽公轉(zhuǎn)一周air pollution caused by traffic由交通引起的空氣污染keep them away with laser light用激光避開它們Things from Earth are hard to find. 來自地球的東西很難找到.go somewhere quiet 去安靜的某處everything we need to do 我們需要做的一切事.help me make Sandy calm down 幫助我使Sandy 鎮(zhèn)靜下來take off 起飛too nervous to relax 太緊張而不能放松重點(diǎn)句型1.How do you like life on Mars?= What do you think of life on Mars?2.I thought you liked Mars. 3.Daniel is thinking about what life will be like in the future.4.It may be difficult to imagine.5.Our planet, Earth, is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.6.At present, our spacecraft are too slowly to carry large numbers of people to Marsit takes months.7.By 2100, the journey might take only a very short time in space shuttles (that travel at half the speed of light.)8.Humans need food, water and air to survive.9.However, it is not sure if these plants could produce water.10.The gravity on Mars is only about three-eighths of the gravity on Earth.11.There will be many different designs for settlers to choose from.12.Every student will have a computer at home (connecting to an inter-planet computer network.)13.I am wondering if/whether there will be many people willing to move to Mars.14.We could get ill from living there.15.50% of the students would like to move out of Earth.16.It worries me.17. It would be great to have robots do all the work for us.18.It takes Mars about two years to revolve completely around the sun.19.The surface of Mars is more like the surface of Earth than any other planet in our solar system.20.A very popular form of entertainment is online games.21.Things from Earth are hard to find.= It is hard to find thing from Earth. 22.Shes too nervous to relax.23.Robots could be the first to live on Mars. 24.We will be cared for by robots.25.Food will be in the form of pills.Scientists are working hard to make this dream come true. 科學(xué)家們正在努力工作使這個(gè)夢想成為現(xiàn)實(shí).20. I am wondering if/whether there will be many people willing to move to Mars.我想知道是否將會有許多人愿意搬到火星上.語法Using can , could , may and might to talk about permission. Can/Could I go to the zoo tomorrow, Mum? May/Might I use your computer, Mr. Wu? When asking for permission, can , could , may and might have different degrees of formality. Can-informal ; Could-formal ; May-formal and polite ; Might-very formalObject clauses introduced by that An object clause functions as the object in a sentence. It can be put after some verbs such as think , believe and know. It can also follow some adjectives such as certain and sure. Many people believe that we will llive on the planet Mars by the year 2100. Many people believe that robots will do most of our work.Object clauses introduced by if or whether We can use if or whether to introduce an object clause when it expresses a yes/no question. In that case, we often use the same word order as in a statement. Nobody is sure if/whether these plants could produce enough water. We are wondering if/whether we can grow plants on Mars.9下Unit2詞組post office 郵局post a letter for me 為我寄封信Iron shirts with an iron 用熨斗慰燙襯衣Strike iron while it is hot. 趁熱打鐵.sweep the floor 掃地spaceman/postman/superman 宇航員/郵遞員/超人everyday/ daily life 日常生活throw my shirts into the dustbin along with the rubbish. 把我的襯衣與垃圾一起扔進(jìn)垃圾箱里.find his flat in a mess 發(fā)現(xiàn)他的公寓一團(tuán)糟.make a mess 弄得亂七八糟in the mirror 在鏡子中The coins were spread all over the floor.硬幣被撒得滿地都是.make clothes smooth with an iron用熨斗使衣服平整.The silk feels smooth.絲綢摸起來很光滑.The Robot stands on four small wheels. 機(jī)器人靠四個(gè)小輪子站立.two arms connected to its chest 與它的胸膛相連的兩條胳膊nod nodded (過去式/過去分詞)shake ones head 搖頭bend its knees 彎曲它的膝蓋I cant see clearly, either. 它也看不清了.There are lots of trees on either side of the street. 街道每一邊有許多樹.eitheror 要么要么;或者或者a free copy of Robot magazine a Robot magazine for free一本免費(fèi)機(jī)器人雜志pay more attention to your orders多留意你們的訂單.order sb to do sth 命令某人做某事.a complaint letter 一封投訴信complain about your robot to the robot shop 向機(jī)器人商店投訴你的機(jī)器人.make the bed 鋪床, 整理床鋪explore dangerous places 探測危險(xiǎn)的地方do the laundry 洗衣服change his life a lot 大大地改變他的生活in order to have more spare time 為了有更多的空閑時(shí)間make a great difference to 對起重要作用;對有影響stay in bed for an extra hour在床上呆額外的一小時(shí)air the rooms 給房間通風(fēng)go shopping at the supermarket 到超市購物return home from work 下班回到家look as good as new 看上去像新的一樣catch a virus 感染病毒in the washing machine 在洗衣機(jī)里knock things over 把東西撞倒in the rice cooker 在飯煲里bring some bad changes to your life.給你的生活帶來一些不好的變化sleep until noon睡到中午find out the causes of the problems找出問題產(chǎn)生的原因.take photos of everything it sees拍攝它看到的一切東西的照片have a speaker as its mouth有揚(yáng)聲器作為它的嘴巴absorb /take in energy from the sun 吸收來自太陽的能量repair the robot that went wrong 修理出毛病的那個(gè)機(jī)器人too much trouble 太多的麻煩There is no need to trouble him.沒有必要打擾他.an international robot exhibition 一個(gè)國際性的機(jī)器人展覽be free for children under 12 十二歲以下的孩子免費(fèi)in clear language 用清晰的語言in order to arrive there on time 為了按時(shí)到達(dá)那兒on the first day of the exhibition 在展覽的第一天be unhappy with its size 對它的大小不滿意a medium-sized robot 一個(gè)中號的機(jī)器人expect a robot to last for at least twenty years 期待一個(gè)機(jī)器人至少持續(xù)使用二十年the amount of checking that this robot needs 這個(gè)機(jī)器人需檢測的次數(shù)stop working completely 完全停止工作give the new robot a try 試用新的機(jī)器人look forward to hearing from you期盼收到你的來信clear up any mess in his bedroom徹底清掃他臥室任何雜亂的東西重點(diǎn)句型1、I need to complain to the robot shop.2、Mr Jiang is the first person in Sunshine Town to own a robot.3、In order to have more free time, I have to buy a robot.4、As a result, Mr Jiang no longer needed to get up early to do the housework and he could stay in bed for an extra hour.5、A few weeks later, things started to go wrong.6、The robot caught a virus and caused a lot of problems.7、Mr Jiang did not know what he should do with the robot.8、The robot was just too much trouble.9、What can you do if you decide that having a robot is too much trouble?10、My robot is made to look just like a real person.11、The robot also has three long arms (connected to its chest.)12、The hair can absorb energy from the sun and make my robot energetic.13、There are a lot of problems with this robot.14、It never gets anything wrong.15、We can get a copy of Robot magazine for free if we go on the first day of the exhibition.16、I need to do everything myself.17、I am also not happy about/with the number of checking this robot needs.18、A good robot should only needs checking every 6 months.19、We look forward to hearing from you soon.20、Clear up an mess in my bedroom.語法A. Object clause introduced by wh- words We can use a wh- words to introduce an object clause when it expresses a wh- question. The word order in the object clause should be the same as that in a statement. The robot no longer knew when it should cook breakfast. Mr. Jiang did not know what he should do with the robot.特殊疑問句作賓語從句時(shí)一定要注意用陳述句語序。時(shí)態(tài)根據(jù)主句而定。（但如果是真理或客觀事實(shí)則用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)，不需要改變。特別注意有些特殊疑問句本身就是陳述句語序（因特殊疑問詞作主語），如 Who is on duty? Whats wrong with you? Whats the matter with you? What happened to you? 等等。B. In order to and as a result In order to means with the purpose of. We can use in order to to introduce the purpose of an action. 表示目的，引導(dǎo)不定式；或者表示結(jié)果。 In order to have more spare time, I need to buy a robot. I need to buy a robot in order to have more spare time.We use as a result to introduce the result of something. 用逗號隔開，接完整句子。 The robot did all the housework. As a result, Mr. Jiang no longer need to get up early.C. Using need to We can use need to to talk about something that we have to do. Need做實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，后接不定式。 Mr Jiang no longer needed to do housework because he had a robot. Mr Jiang needs to return his robot to the shop because it is not working,9下Unit3詞組8continue to the end 堅(jiān)持到最后take a rest 休息一下wake me up 叫醒我on ones way back在某人回去的路上Chinese paper cut 中國剪紙dragon dance 舞龍get lost easily 容易迷路the capital of 的首都be attracted by 被吸引the beautiful design of the buildings 建筑群的精美設(shè)計(jì)a gate of heavenly peace 天界平安之門be filled with tourists 擠滿游客watch the raising of the national flag 觀看升國旗（儀式）a famous Chinese-stlye garden 一個(gè)著名的中國式園林spend the summer 避暑consist of /be made up of 由組成a man-made lake 一個(gè)人工湖all over the area 遍及這個(gè)地區(qū)run more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China 橫跨中國北方綿延5000多里one of the wonders of the world 世界幾大奇跡之一exerience its beauty and greatness 體驗(yàn)它的美和偉大step by step 一步一步地in the south of China 在中國的南部lie on the two sides of Li River 座落在漓江兩岸in different shapes 形態(tài)各異in strange shapes 奇形怪狀see . with ones own eyes 親眼所見take a boat trip along Li River 乘船沿漓江游覽be open to the public 向公眾開放at sunrise 在日出時(shí)刻get hot and sweaty 又熱又流汗every five minutes 每五分鐘in a hurry 匆忙地leave Japan for other Asian countries 離開日本去亞洲其他國家public transport services 公交設(shè)施wish sb. a nice trip 祝某人旅途愉快重點(diǎn)句型1.There are too many hills, and my feet are very tired. 2.Although theres still a long way to go, we must continue to the end.3.Wake me up on your way back. 4.Unless you have a map, you will get lost easily.5.The emperors of the Ming and Qing dynasties used to live here.6.The word Tiananmen means a gate of heavenly peace.7.It is the biggest square in the world and is always filled with tourists.8.It is a famous Chinese-style garden built in a natural landscape.9.In the past, the emperors used to spend the summer here.10.It consists mainly of a hill and a man-made lake, with bridges, pagodas and halls all over the area.11.It is a long wall which runs more than 5,000 kilometres across northern China.12.It lies on the two sides of Li River.13.All around the city, mountains stand in different shapes you have probably seen some Chinese paintings of the landscape.14.You cannot imagine how amazing they are unless you see them with your own eyes.15.You can hire a bicycle from the bus station and ride around Guilin very safely.16.Its famous for its beautiful mountains and wonderful caves.17.Although there was a train every five minutes, it was still very crowded.18.Leave Japan for other Asian countries.19.The American exchange students are going to stay in Beijing for one more week and then they will fly to Japan.語法Using although-although引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句although相當(dāng)于though, 兩詞都是連詞，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句。如：-Although/Though shes young, she knows a lot.=Shes young, but she knows a lot.盡管她年齡小，她卻懂得很多。-Although/Though he is in poor health, (yet) he works hard.=Hes in poor health, but he works hard.雖然他身體不好，但他還是努力工作。-當(dāng)加強(qiáng)語氣時(shí)，我們通常說even though，而不說even although。如：Although/ Though/ Even though she didnt understand a word of what he said, she kept smiling. 盡管他的話她聽不懂一個(gè)字，她還是一直微笑著。-though可以用于句末，although則不可以。如：She knew all her friends would be there, she didnt want to go, though.她知道她的所有朋友都會出席，但是她自己不想去。注意：讓步狀語從句通常與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)或一般過去時(shí)連用。Using unless - unless引導(dǎo)的條件狀語從句由于unless具有否定意義，因此它引導(dǎo)的是個(gè)否定的條件（如果不）?？梢园阉醋魇莍fnot的同義表達(dá)手段。如：-Unless he comes = If he doesnt come 如果他不來-Unless you work hard, you will fail. = If you dont work hard, you will fail.如果你不努力工作，你會失敗的。注意：unless從句，如同if從句一樣，也要用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替一般將來時(shí)。如：-Unless it rains, well go hiking.如果不下雨，我們將去遠(yuǎn)足。-Unless he comes, Ill go instead of him.如果他不來，我將代替他去。C. Using so that - so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句a.so that引導(dǎo)目的狀語從句，從句中通常帶有can, could, may, might, should等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，以適用于目的。如：-They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.他們拼命地干，想在晚飯前就把工作干完。-He walked by the side of the road so that he would not be hit by cars.他在馬路邊行走，以免被車碰了。注意：（1）so that從句如為否定結(jié)構(gòu)，則謂語動(dòng)詞中多用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。b.so that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句，可轉(zhuǎn)換成in order that引導(dǎo)的目的狀語從句。若從句主語與主句主語一致，還可用in order to (do) 或so as (to do) 改成同義簡單句。如：They worked very hard so that they could finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard in order that they could finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard in order to finish the work before supper.= They worked very hard so as to finish the work before supper.c.so that引導(dǎo)的狀語從句也可表示結(jié)果，這時(shí)so that從句中根據(jù)句意可用或不用情態(tài)動(dòng)詞。 如：-They worked very hard so that they finished the work before supper.他們拼命地干，結(jié)果他們在晚飯前就把工作干完了。-He got up very late this morning so that he was late for school. 今天早晨他起得很晚，結(jié)果他上學(xué)遲到了。9下Unit4 詞組be famous for = be well-known for因 而出名the first man to walk on the moon第一人在月球上行走的人the first woman to win the Nobel Prize第一個(gè)獲得諾貝爾獎(jiǎng)的女人care for the poor關(guān)心窮人the king of rock and roll搖滾樂之王become interested in 對 . 產(chǎn)生興趣 ( 短暫性動(dòng)詞短語 )ever since自從take one s first flight第一次坐飛機(jī)at the age of six 在六歲時(shí)take flying lessons 上飛行課；接受飛行訓(xùn)練student pilot s licence 學(xué)生飛行員執(zhí)照in one s spare time=in one s free time 在某人的空余時(shí)間里wind tunnels風(fēng)洞for the first time 第一次hear of = hear about聽說hear + 賓從聽說for further research 為了作進(jìn)一步的研究It is said that . 據(jù)說armed force 武裝力量be involved in 被卷入 on the other side 在另一邊out of control 失去控制under the control of 在 . 的控制下the theory of relativity 相對論the Nobel Prize 諾貝爾獎(jiǎng) during one s lifetime 在某人的一生中turning point 轉(zhuǎn)折點(diǎn)give up (doing sth.) 放棄（做某事）give up everything for others 為別人放棄一切a small amount of . 小量的（修不可數(shù)名詞）a large/big amount of . 大量的（修不可數(shù)名詞）devote . to (doing) . 把 奉獻(xiàn)給 .( 做 .)a test pilot 試飛員cut the flight short 縮短飛行famous words 名言warn sb. to stay away 警告某人不要靠近in the 1940s 在 20 世紀(jì) 40 年代in one s forties 在某人 40 多歲時(shí)the twentieth century 第 20 世紀(jì)make a contribution to (doing) 為 做貢獻(xiàn)in the city of Warsaw 在華沙市be unknown to sb. 不為某人所知select sb to do sth. 選中某人做某事sb. be selected to do sth. 某人被選中去做某事a religious fighting 一起宗教斗爭change one s life 改變某人的生活leave for India 離開（某地）去印度in a family of three children 在一個(gè)有三個(gè)小孩的家庭之中A marry B. / A get married to B. / A and B get married.A 與 B 結(jié)婚重點(diǎn)句型Who do you think is the greatest peson that has ever l