名詞性從句用法詳解.doc

名詞性從句用法一、概念名詞性從句，即指_ 的從句，它包括_ 、_ 、_ 和_ 。從高考的考查的實(shí)際情況來看，名詞性從句考得最多的是賓語從句，其次是主語從句，再次是表語從句，而同位語從句則很少考查。二、名詞性從句的一般引導(dǎo)詞1. 連接詞_只起_作用，及_，也不_，在_中可_，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)通常_。如：I hope_ you enjoy your holiday. _ he likes you is very obvious. 2. 連接詞_ 也不充當(dāng)句子成分，但有自己的意思，表示“是否”；引導(dǎo)_時(shí)，可換成_，但引導(dǎo)其他名詞性從句時(shí)不能換成 if。He asked _ I would show him the way._ it will do us harm remains to be seen. 3. 連接代詞 who(m), whose, which, what 等，均有各自的意義，在從句中作主語、賓語、定語等。如：Thats_ she wanted to leave._ we arrive doesnt matter. Tell me _ one you like best. 4. 連接副詞 when, where, why, how 等，也各自有自己的意義，在從句中作狀語。如：The question is_we should carry out the plan. _shell be back depends much on the weather._ he did it will remain a puzzle forever. 三、名詞性從句的重要引導(dǎo)詞1._可引導(dǎo)_從句、_從句和_從句，但不用于引導(dǎo)_從句。它引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句有兩個(gè)意思是：一是表示“什么”，帶有疑問意味；二是表示“所的”，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)先行詞后接一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。I dont know_you want. I dont know _you want is this. 2. what 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句時(shí)可用作限定詞，其后修飾名詞。I gave him what books I had. 注：what 后的名詞可以是復(fù)數(shù)名詞或不可數(shù)名詞，但通常不能是單數(shù)可數(shù)名詞，并且后接不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)，有時(shí)可有l(wèi)ittle修飾，兩者的區(qū)別是：what+不可數(shù)名詞=所有的都，what little+不可數(shù)名詞=雖少但全部。如：What friends she has are out of the country. We gave him what (little) help we could. What 用法歸納1. 表示“的東西或事情”：Theyve done what they can to help her. He saves what he earns.。What Mary is is the secretary. 2. 表示“的人或的樣子”：He is no longer what he was. He is what is generally called a traitor. Who is it that has made Fred what he is now? 3. 表示“的數(shù)量或數(shù)目”：Our income is now double what it was ten years ago. The number of the students in our school is ten times what it was before liberation. 4. 表示“的時(shí)間”：After what seemed like hours he came out with a bitter smile.The young girl was too frightened to speak, standing there for what seemed like hours. 5. 表示“的地方”：This is what they call Salt Lake City. In 1492, Columbus reached what is now called America. that與what引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別that引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只起連接作用，在從句中不作任何成分，無意義，在賓語從句通常省略，但在主語從句、表語從句和同位語從句中均不能省略；what除引導(dǎo)從句外，還在從句中作成分，意為“所的(東西)”，在含義上等于“名詞+that”。如：1. _she lacks experience is obvious.2. The police learned_ he wasnt there at that time. 3. He realized _she too was exhausted. 4. My idea is _ you shouldnt have left the country. 5. Bob has the mistaken idea _ tomorrow is a holiday. 6. It was quite plain _ he didnt want to come. 7. It is natural _ they should have different views. 8. _ (=The thing that) he said was true.9. _ he had hoped at last came true. 10. _ he said is beneath contempt. 11. _ he says is true, possibly. 12. _she saw gave her a fright. 13. _I want to say is this. 14. Im sorry for_ I said. 15. Thats _ I want to know.16. You had better hear_ I have to say. 17.I managed to get_I wanted. 18. It was _ he meant rather than _he said. 19. Theres something in_ he says. 20. Her interest was roused by _he said. 21. He was always conscious of the fact_she did not approve of _ he was doing.注：that 可引導(dǎo)同位語從句，what不能whatever, whoever, whichever引導(dǎo)名詞性從句1. whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句Whatever的意思是“所的一切事或東西”，可視為what的強(qiáng)調(diào)說法，其含義大致相當(dāng)于anything that，whatever在從句中可用作主語、賓語、定語：Whatever he did was right. Give them whatever they desire. I will just say whatever comes into my mind. Goats eat whatever (food) they can find. Im going to learn whatever my tutor wishes.He does whatever she asks him to do. Talk to me about whatever is troubling you. One should stick to whatever one has begun. She would tell him whatever news she got. You can have whatever allowance you like. 2. whoever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句whoever的意思“任何的人”，在意義上大致相當(dāng)于 anybody who。whoever在從句中可用作主語或賓語：Ill take whoever wants to go. She can marry whoever she chooses. Whoever wants the book may have it. Whoever comes will be welcome.Whoever you invite will be welcome. Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine. Ill give the ticket to whoever wants it.【注意】(1) whoever既用作主格也用作賓語(作賓語時(shí)不宜用whomever，因?yàn)樵诂F(xiàn)代英語中whomever已幾乎不用)。(2) 注意以下受漢語意思影響而弄錯(cuò)的句子：誤：Who wins can get a prize. / Anyone wins can get a prize. 正：Whoever wins can get a prize. / Anyone who wins can a prize. 誰贏了都可以獲獎(jiǎng)。whatever與no matter whatIt is generally considered unwise to give a child _ her or she wants.A. whatever B. no matter what C. whenever D. no matter whenno matter what 只能引導(dǎo)_，而不引導(dǎo)_。而 whatever 既可引導(dǎo)_ (anything that)，也可引導(dǎo)_ (no matter what)：1. 引導(dǎo)名詞性從句只用whatever：無論他做什么都是對(duì)的。：Whatever he did was right.：No matter what he did was right.無論他說什么似乎都有道理。：Whatever he says sounds reasonable.：No matter what he says sounds reasonable.山羊找到什么就吃什么。：Goats eat whatever they find.：Goats eat no matter what they find.2. 引導(dǎo)狀語從句兩者可換用：無論你說什么，我都不會(huì)相信你。：Whatever you say，I wont believe you.：No matter what you say，I wont believe you.無論發(fā)生什么，都要保持鎮(zhèn)定。：Keep calm，whatever happens.：Keep calm，no matter what happens.whether 和if引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的區(qū)別兩者均可用于_，表示“是否”，常可互換。但在其他情況下表示“是否”時(shí)，通常只用 whether 而不用 if。如：引導(dǎo)主語從句、表語從句、同位語從句、讓步狀語從句、與or連用分別引導(dǎo)兩個(gè)分句等，或用于不定式前、用于介詞后、直接與 or not 連用等等。As