被動語態(tài).ppt語法.ppt

被動語態(tài)專項復習 峰口鎮(zhèn)第二初級中學彭江慧 一 語態(tài)分類 英語動詞有兩種語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)和被動語態(tài) 主動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的執(zhí)行者 被動語態(tài)表示主語是動作的承受者 如 Theywillbuildanewbridgeovertheriver 主動 Anewbridgewillbebuiltovertheriver 被動 漢語中常用 被 給 由 受 等詞用來表示被動 而英語用 助動詞be 及物動詞的過去分詞構成 被動語態(tài)常用的八種時態(tài)1 一般現(xiàn)在時 Peoplegrowriceinthesouthofthecountry Riceisgrowninthesouthofthecountry Theschooldoesn tallowustoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher Wearenotallowedtoenterthechemistrylabwithoutateacher 2 一般過去時 Theyagreedonthebuildingofanewcarfactorylastmonth Thebuildingofanewcarfactorywasagreedonlastmonth Thestudentsdidn tforgethislessonseasily Hislessonswerenoteasilyforgotten 3 一般將來時 Theywillsendcarsabroadbysea Carswillbesentabroadbysea Theywillgiveplentyofjobstoschool leavers Plentyofjobswillbegiventoschool leavers 4 過去將來時 Themanagersaidtheywouldcompletetheprojectbytheendoftheyear Themanagersaidtheprojectwouldbecompletedbytheendoftheyear Theworkerstoldmetheywouldmendthecarassoonaspossible Theworkerstoldmethatthecarwouldbemendedassoonaspossible 5 現(xiàn)在進行時 TheradioisbroadcastingEnglishlessons Englishlessonsarebeingbroadcastontheradio Wearepaintingtherooms Theroomsarebeingpainted 6 過去進行時 Whydidn ttheydrivethereontime Becausetheworkersweremendingtheroad Becausetheroadwasbeingmended Thistimelastyearwewereplantingtreeshere Treeswerebeingplantedherethistimelastyear 7 現(xiàn)在完成時 Someonehastoldmethesportsmeetmightbeputoff Ihavebeentoldthesportsmeetmightbeputoff Wehavebroughtdowntheprice Thepricehasbeenbroughtdown 8 過去完成時 WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheyhadalreadysoldoutthetickets WhenIgottothetheatre Ifoundtheticketshadalreadybeensoldout Thewholecountrywasverysadatthenewsofhisdeath Peoplehadconsideredhimtobeagreatleader Hehadbeenconsideredtobeagreatleader 9 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài) 含有情態(tài)動詞的被動語態(tài)是由 情態(tài)動詞 be 及物動詞的過去分詞 構成 Youmusthandinyourcompositionsafterclass Yourcompositionsmustbehandedinafterclass Hecanwriteagreatmanyletterswiththecomputer Agreatmanyletterscanbewrittenwiththecomputerbyhim 被動語態(tài) 我們知道 被動語態(tài)是由be done 動詞的過去分詞 構成的被動語態(tài)構成比較 10 動詞不定式的被動語態(tài)betodo betobedonebegoingtodo begoingtobedoneBeabouttodo beabouttobedoneEg HeistoreadanovelAnovelistobereadbyhimTheyaregoingtoholdameetingtomorrow Ameetingisgoingtobeheldtomorrow Theyareabouttoshootthemurderer Themurderdrisabouttobeshotbythem 1 Thepolicefoundthatthehouse andalotofthings A hasbrokeninto hasbeenstolenB hadbrokeninto hadbeenstolenC hasbeenbrokeninto stolenD hadbeenbrokeninto stolen 2 Ifcitynoises fromincreasing people shouttobeheardevenatthedinnertable20yearsfromnow A arenotkept willhavetoB arenotkept havetoC donotkeep willhavetoD donotkeep haveto D Practice A 3 thesportsmeetmightbeputoff Yes italldependsontheweather A I vebeentoldB I vetoldC I mtoldD Itold 4 Themathsproblem amongthestudentssoon A isabouttobediscussB isgoingtobediscussedC istodiscussD isgoingtohavebeendiscussed A B 一 語態(tài)轉換時要注意的問題1 把主動語態(tài)變?yōu)楸粍诱Z態(tài)時 其謂語動詞的時態(tài)要與原句時態(tài)保持一致 其謂語動詞的數(shù)要與新主語保持一致 Wehaveboughtanewcomputer Anewcomputerhasbeenbought 正確 Anewcomputerhavebeenbought 錯誤 2 含有雙賓語的主動句變被動句時 可分別將其中的一個賓語變?yōu)橹髡Z 另一個不動 一般變間接賓語為主語時比較多 Myunclegavemeapresentonmybirthday Iwasgivenapresentonmybirthday 如果把直接賓語 指物 改為主語 則在間接賓語 指人 前加適當?shù)慕樵~ 如上句還可以說 Apresentwasgiventomeyesterday 保留賓語 注意 一般在下列動詞后 常在間接賓語前用介詞to 如 bring give lend offer pass promise sell show teach tell等 Thecupwithmixturewasshowedtotheclass Mybikewaslenttoher 一般在下列動詞后 間接賓語前用介詞for 如 buy cook choose fetch get make order 等 Mothermademeanewskirt Anewskirtwasmadeforme Themeatwascookedforus 3 由動詞 介詞或副詞構成的短語動詞 要把它們作為整體看 即把它們看成一個及物動詞 介詞或副詞不可拆開或漏掉這類動詞有l(wèi)aughat operateon lookafter makefunof makeuseoftakecareof carryout giveup handin pointout putaway putoff turndown workout talkabout等 Thepatientisbeingoperatedon Theproblemissolved Itneedn tbetalkedabout Hisrequestwasturneddown Thesportsmeetwillbeputoffbecauseofthebadweather Achildistakengoodcareof 4 帶復合賓語 賓語 賓補 的動詞改為被動語態(tài)時 一般把主動結構中的賓語改為主語 而賓語補足語保留在謂語動詞后面 如 a 動詞 賓語 adjWealwayskeeptheclassroomclean Theclassroomisalwayskeptclean b 動詞 賓語 nTheychoseTomcaptain Tomwaschosencaptainc 動詞 賓語 todoShetoldustofollowherinstructions Weweretoldtofollowherinstructions d 動詞 賓語 doingIfoundhimlyingonthefloor hewasfoundlyingonthefloore 動詞 賓語 donewefoundallourseatsoccupied allourseatswerefoundoccupied 注意 在see watch hear notice listento lookat make feel等動詞后作賓語補足語的動詞不定式都不帶to 但改成被動語態(tài)后都帶to Weoftenhearhimplaytheguitar Heisoftenheardtoplaytheguitar Hismothermakeshimcleantheroomeveryday Heismadetocleantheroomeveryday 二 某些動詞用主動表被動 1 Thepicturelooksbeautiful 這里的look是表狀態(tài)特征的連系動詞 它后面要求跟形容詞或名詞構成系表結構 其主動形式表被動含義 感官系動詞一般用主動形式表示被動意義 如 feel look seem taste sound remain turnout smell等 Doyoulikethematerial Yes itfeelsverysoft TheflowerslookbeautifulWhathesaidsoundsreasonable Therosessmellsweet Themedicinetastesbitter 誤 Itisfeltverysoft Thefoodtastesdelicious 誤 Thefoodistasteddelicious Thepopmusicsoundsbeautiful 誤 Thepopmusicissoundedbeautiful 2 有些動詞既是及物又是不及物 當它們和well badly easily等副詞連用時 表示主語內(nèi)在品質(zhì)或性能 是不及物動詞 用主動表示被動 這時不用被動語態(tài) 常見的有 write read clean sell dry wash cook wear等 如 Theclothwasheseasily 這布很好洗 SomesilkswashwellThenewproductsellswell 這新產(chǎn)品很暢銷 Thepenwritessmoothly 這支筆寫字很流暢 Thepoemreadsfluently Theshoeswearwell ThepapertearseasilyThiskindofclothdriedeasily對比 Thebookssellwell 主動句 Thebooksweresoldout 被動句 Themeatdidn tcookwell 主動句 Themeatwascookedforalongtimeoverlowheat 被動句 3 want need require作 需要 解時及beworth inneedof后接動詞 常用動名詞的主動形式表被動含義 Eg 1 Theflowerneeds wants requireswatering Yourhairneeds wants requirescuttingThecomputerneeds wants requiresreqairing2 Thefilm musicisworthlisteningto 3 Histeachingmethodisinneedofimproving 4 不定式在某些形容詞后作狀語且和句子的主語 或賓語 構成邏輯上的動賓關系時 Thesentenceiseasytounderstand Shefoundtheproblemhardtodealwith TheboxisheavytoliftThepictureispleasanttolookatThenovelisinterestingtoread此類形容詞 difficult comfortable pleasant fit interesting unfit light heavy dangerous etc 5 不定式作名詞的后置定語 和被修飾的名詞有邏輯上的動賓關系 同時和該句主語構成邏輯上的主謂關系 不定式常用主動形式表被動含義 Shehadonlyacoldroomtolivein Ihaveameetingtoattend IhavealotofhomeworktodoShehasmanychildrentolookafterIgavehimacaketoeatIgavehimabooktoread 第一 一些不及物動詞短語沒有被動語態(tài) 如 takeplace comeabout breakout belongto consistof addupto comeintobeing cometrue turnout等 如 Thefirebrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding 誤 Thefirewasbrokeoutinthecapitalbuilding GreatchangeshavetakenplaceinChina 誤 GreatchangeshavebeentakenplaceinChina 第二 不及物動詞沒有被動語態(tài) 如 rise happen succeed remain lie等 Whenwegottothetopofthemountain thesunhadalreadyrisen 誤 Thesunhadalreadybeenrisen Aftertheearthquake fewhousesremained 誤 Aftertheearthquake fewhouseswereremained 三 下列情況主動句不能改為被動句 例如 據(jù)說 Itissaid thoughtthat 據(jù)報導 Itisreportedthat 據(jù)推測 Itissupposedthat 希望 Itishopedthat 眾所周知 Itiswellknownthat 普遍認為 Itisgenerallyconsideredthat 有人建議 Itissuggestedthat 1 Itisreportedthatitisgoingtoraintomorrow 2 ItiswellknownthatThomasEdisoninventedtheelectriclamp 3 ItissaidthatMr GreenhasarrivedinBeijing 四 在漢語中 有一類句子不出現(xiàn)主語 在英語中一般可用被動結構來表示 五 英語中一些詞的被動結構表主動意義 bedressedin beseatedin at beside nexttobeaddictedto bedeterminedtobedevotedto beabsorbedin bedisappointedat belostin beengagedin beoccupiedin befacedwithEg 1 Sheisseatedonthesofa 2 Addictedtosurfingtheinternet theboyoftenescapesfromclasses 3 Determinedtogiveupsmoking hethrewawayhisremainingcigarettes 4 Disappointedatfailinginthemathexam Kentawouldn tliketotalkaboutittohisparents 5 Judithlayonthesofa absorbedinherbook 六 介詞in on under 名詞短語表被動意義 常見的有 undercontrol undertreatment underrepair underdiscussion underconstruction beyondbelief beyondone sreach beyondone scontrol inprint insight onsale onshow ontrial outofcontrol outofsight outofone sreach outoffashion Eg 1 Thebuildingisunderconstruction isbeingconstructed 2 Theplanewasoutofcontrol can tbecontrolled 3 Theroadisunderrepair isbeingrepaired 4 Todaysometreasuresareonshow arebeingshown inthemuseum 1 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 IsawDaveinliftthismorning Really He aroundhereforalongtime A won tbeseenB wasn tseeC hasn tbeenseenD hadn tbeenseen 3 Thewindowisdirty Iknow It forweeks hasn tcleanedB didn tcleanC wasn tcleanedD hasn tbeencleaned4 Thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedB wasreportingreportsD reported5 Whydidyouleavethatposition I abetterpositionatIBM offerB offeredC amofferedD wasoffered6 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear A sentB weresentC hadsentD hadbeensent 7 Thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheMinister scar hasbeenB wasbeingC hadbeenD wouldbe8 Millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencaused9 Whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenC hadstarted washidingD wasstarting hid 10 Thewater coolwhenIjumpedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels11 Themomentthe28thOlympicGames open thewholeworldcheered declaredB havebeendeclaredC havedeclaredD weredeclared12 MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed 13 Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD isbeingheld14 Idon tsupposethepoliceknowwhodidit Wellsurprisinglytheydo Amanhasbeenarrestedand now A hasbeenquestionedB isbeingquestionedC isquestioningD hasquestioned15 Thenewtypeofcellphone betterifitisadvertisedonTV A willsellB sellsC wouldsellD sold 16 Thebridgewhich lastyearlooksreallybeautiful A wasbuiltB builtC wassetupD hadbeenbuilt17 Thiscloth welland long Ok I lltakeit A washes lastsB iswashed lastedC washes islastedD iswashing lasting18 Anexhibitionofpaintings atthemuseumnextweek A aretobeheldB istobeheldC areholdingD willhold 19 I msorry sir Yourrecorderisn treadyyet It inthefactory A isbeingrepairedB isrepairedC hasbeenrepairedD hasn trepaired20 Everypossiblemeans butnoneprovesuccessful A hastriedB hasbeentriedC isbeingtriedD tried21 Mylittlesisterhasbrokenmywatch Mywatch bymylittlesister A isbrokenB hasbrokenC havebeenbrokenD hasbeenbroken 22 HewascleaninghisroomwhenIenteredthehouse Hisroom byhimwhenIenteredtheroom A wasbeingcleanedB wascleanedC wasbeingcleaningD hasbeencleaned23 IshallhaveFinishedreadingthenovelbydinnertime Thisnovel reading byme bydinnertimeA willhavefinished B willhasbeenfinishedC willhavebeingfinishedD willhavebeenfinished24 Yououghttokeepthesethreeroomsclean Thesethreerooms byyou areoughtedtokeepcleanB oughttokeptcleanC oughttobekeptcleanD oughttohavebeenkeptclean 1 Thenewdictionariesareveryuseful They welland already sell havebeensoldoutB sold hadsoldoutC sell selloutaresold havebeensoldout2 IsawDaveinliftthismorning Really He aroundhereforalongtime A won tbeseenB wasn tseeC hasn tbeenseenD hadn tbeenseen 3 Thewindowisdirty Iknow It forweeks hasn tcleanedB didn tcleanC wasn tcleanedD hasn tbeencleaned4 Thehero sstory differentlyinthenewspapers wasreportedB wasreportingreportsD reported5 Whydidyouleavethatposition I abetterpositionatIBM offerB offeredC amofferedD wasoffered6 Morethanadozenstudentsinthatschool abroadtostudymedicinelastyear A sentB weresentC hadsentD hadbeensent 7 Thepoliceman sattentionwassuddenlycaughtbyasmallboxwhich placedundertheMinister scar hasbeenB wasbeingC hadbeenD wouldbe8 Millionsofpounds worthdamage byastormwhichsweptacrossthenorthofEnglandlastnight A hasbeencausedB hadbeencausedC willbecausedD willhavebeencaused9 Whentheoldman towalkbacktohishouse thesun itselfbehindthemountain started hadalreadyhiddenhadstarted hadalreadyhiddenC hadstarted washidingD wasstarting hid 10 Thewater coolwhenIjoinedintothepoolformorningexercise wasfeltB isfeltC feltD feels11 Themomentthe28thOlympicGames open thewholeworldcheered declaredB havebeendeclaredC havedeclaredD weredeclared12 MrGreenstoodupindefenceofthe16 year oldboy sayingthathewasnottheone blamedB blamingC toblameD tobeblamed 13 Inaroomabovethestore whereaparty someworkerswerebusilysettingthetable A wastobeheldB hasbeenheldC willbeheldD is