Newman的能源機(jī)-翻譯版-第10章-量子力學(xué).doc

Chapter10 QUANTUM MECHANICS第10章 量子力學(xué)We hope that the present fluctuations of thinking are only Indication of an upheaval of old beliefs which in the end will lead to something better than the mess of formulas which today surrounds our subject.- Erwin Schrodinger注：大意是說希望有新的思想結(jié)果現(xiàn)在混亂的公式體系。25. Up to this point, I have been discussing the mechanical utilization of the basic building entity of all matter: the gyroscopic-action-entity.” I will now conceptually relate the behavior of this gyroscopic-action entity to QUANTUM MECHANICS.25. 基于這一點，我已經(jīng)討論了構(gòu)成物質(zhì)的基本單元實體的力學(xué)利用:“陀螺儀效應(yīng)實體”。我現(xiàn)在將在概念上將這種“陀螺儀效應(yīng)實體”的行為和量子力學(xué)聯(lián)系起來。NOTE: I will now be discussing other important concepts concerning the nature of the gyroscopic particle. I must add that there are those who may feel that I should have published these other concepts in a separate book rather than combine their exposition with a presentation describing the nature of my energy machine. I disagree with anyone who may feel this way. The universal nature of the gyroscopic particles (more generally referred to as gyroscopic-action entities) which I have discovered is of far greater significance than one, simple application of their utilization, i.e., my energy machine. By combining these two intellectual areas, I wish to stimulate the mind of the reader to think beyond the limitations of thought imposed by the study of one technical application. I would prefer that the reader give more careful consideration to understanding a universal principle: the principle inherent in the nature and action of the gyroscopic particle!注意：這現(xiàn)在將討論另外關(guān)于陀螺子理論的重要概念。我必須添加這些內(nèi)容，有些為覺得我應(yīng)該在不同的書里發(fā)布這些概念，而不是和其它討論能源機(jī)的闡述放在一起。這一點都不同意這種觀點。已經(jīng)發(fā)現(xiàn)的陀螺子（更多指“陀螺儀效應(yīng)的實體”）的普遍理論遠(yuǎn)比一種它的一種應(yīng)該，即我的能源機(jī)，要重要的多。通過結(jié)合這兩塊知識，我希望激發(fā)讀者思想超越學(xué)習(xí)技術(shù)應(yīng)用的限制。我更喜歡讀者更關(guān)注于理解一種普遍的法則：陀螺子固有的理論和行為！A.I will quote several passages from a well-written book entitled The Nature of Physics by Peter J. Brancazio of Brooklyn College, City University of New York published by MacMillan Publishing Company, Inc., New York, 1975). From page 585:A.我將引用幾段文字，來自于：WAVE-PARTICLE DUALITY波料二相性The discovery that material particles exhibit wave characteristics adds a new dimension to the problem of wave-particle duality. The classical descriptions of light as a wave and matter as composed of solid particles no longer seem valid -for both matter and light have been found to display wave and particle characteristics. How can we provide a coherent explanation for these extremely puzzling discoveries? One way to resolve the problem of wave-particle duality is to assume that one or the other is more fundamental. There are two possible alternatives:材料粒子有波特性的發(fā)現(xiàn)給波料二相性問題增加了新的維度。經(jīng)典的光是一種波、物質(zhì)由實體粒子組成的描述好像不再有效-因為發(fā)現(xiàn)物質(zhì)和光都有波和粒子特性。我們?nèi)绾谓o這極讓人困惑的發(fā)現(xiàn)一個明確的解釋？一種解決波料二相性問題的方法是假定波或粒子是更基礎(chǔ)的。這有兩種可能的選擇：(1) light and matter are ultimately composed of particles. Their wave properties derive from the group behavior of a large number of interacting particles. This approach, it will be recalled, was unsuccessfully adopted by Einstein in an attempt to explain the behavior of light.（1）光或物質(zhì)最終是由粒子組成。它們波的特性來自于大量相互作用的粒子的集體行為。在愛因斯坦嘗試解釋光的行為時，這種方法沒被他認(rèn)可。(2) Light and matter are ultimately composed of waves. The particle properties are then derivative. One could hypothesize that particles are really concentrations of waves or perhaps stable condensations in an underlying fluid or field.（2）光和物質(zhì)最終由波組成。粒子特性之后被派生?？梢约俣ā傲Ｗ印睂嶋H是由波或更基礎(chǔ)的穩(wěn)定液體或區(qū)域濃縮而成。Unfortunately, neither of these alternative hypotheses has been developed with any great success. Most modern-day physicists generally believe that neither particles nor waves are more fundamental, but rather that they are two manifestations of some as-yet-unidentified (and possibly unidentifiable) entity.不幸的是，兩種假定都沒有取得巨大成功。大多數(shù)當(dāng)代科學(xué)家相信粒子或波都不是更基礎(chǔ)的，而不是它們由一些未知的（也許無法辯認(rèn)）實體表示。注：意思是人們沒想用一種更基礎(chǔ)的粒子表示波料二相性，而是認(rèn)定其一為另一個的基礎(chǔ)。If the beginning student has trouble understanding how an entity can possess both wave and particle attributes at the same time, he or she may be comforted to learn that most experienced physicists are just as disturbed by this problem.”如果開始學(xué)習(xí)的學(xué)生在理解一個實體怎么同時有波和粒子特性時，他或她也許安慰你大多有經(jīng)驗的科學(xué)家也被這個問題困擾。Quoting from The Nature of Physics, page 604:引自The Nature of Physics，604頁：Einstein firmly believed that underlying the quantum theory -perhaps on a sub quantum level -there had to be fully deterministic laws. In a letter to Max Born written in 1926, Einstein summarized his position:愛因斯坦堅定的相信在量子力學(xué)表面下-也許在一個次量子能級-有一個完全確定性的法則。在1926年給Max Born的信中，愛因斯坦總結(jié)到：Quantum mechanics is very impressive. But an inner voice tells me that it is not the real thing. The theory has much to offer . but I am convinced that God does not throw dice. 量子力學(xué)是非常深刻的。但一個內(nèi)在的聲音告訴我它不是真的。這種理論有太多先擇，但我相信上帝不會擲色子。At the present time, nearly fifty years after the birth of quantum mechanics, the argument has not been settled. There is no evidence whatsoever that a deterministic sub quantum level exists. Nor is there any convincing evidence to support the orthodox interpretation. For example, no experiments have ever been performed on a single atom or electron to test the orthodox contention that the wave function describes the properties of a single particle rather than a group of particles. Although the orthodox interpretation is generally accepted, there remain a few who, like Einstein, believe that the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics is not the final answer. This attitude has been most eloquently described by Erwin Schrodinger:現(xiàn)在，量子力學(xué)誕生了大約50年，爭論一直沒停。沒有任何證據(jù)說明一具確定性的次量子級存在。也沒有任何令人信服的證據(jù)支持正統(tǒng)的解釋。例如，沒實驗用一個原子或電子測試波函數(shù)描述的一個粒子而不是一群粒子的特性傳統(tǒng)論點。雖然傳統(tǒng)解釋被普遍接受，仍然有少數(shù)人，如愛因斯坦，相信量子力學(xué)的數(shù)學(xué)形式體系不是最終答案。這種看法已經(jīng)被Erwin Schrodinger充分說明：Many maintain that no objective picture of reality is possible. However, the optimists among us (of whom I consider myself one) look upon this view as a philosophical extravagance born of despair. We hope that the present fluctuations of thinking are only indications of an upheaval of old beliefs which in the end will lead to something better than the mess of formulas which today surrounds our subject. 許多人依然堅持沒有一種真實客觀的構(gòu)想是可能的。然而，我們之中的樂觀者（我認(rèn)為我自己是其中之一）看待這種觀點為一種哲學(xué)上絕望的放縱。我希望當(dāng)前思想的動搖只是表明一種舊思想的突變，最后領(lǐng)導(dǎo)我們得到比今天話題中混亂公式更好的結(jié)果。B. My work pays tribute to those thinking individuals such as Einstein, Schrodinger, Faraday, Maxwell, Newton, and others. The sensitive and inquisitive mind will see that my work more accurately brings together the work of these impressive contributors for the advancement of the human species. The effect of such intellectual bringing together is to generate a new oneness which is more impressive and beneficial than the work of any single, great innovator alone.B. 我有工作證明了這些人的想法，如愛因斯坦、薛定諤、法拉第、麥克斯韋、牛頓和其他人。敏感好奇的人將看到我的工作準(zhǔn)確的將這些給人類帶來進(jìn)步的偉人的工作結(jié)合在一起。這種智慧的“結(jié)合”效應(yīng)會產(chǎn)生一種新的“單一理論”，它比每一個改革者的工作都更深刻有益。Let me begin by pointing out that the mathematical consequences of the Dirac equation stipulates that the energy terms applied to a fourth quantum number having two values, ( + 1/2) and ( - 1/2), are identical to the spin-quantum-number Ms which assigns to the electron an intrinsic spin and states that magnetism is a result of electron spin within the material. On the other hand, it has still been taught that a magnetic field contains no kinetic energy -only potential energy -and that the lines of force surrounding a magnet are imaginary. This erroneous concept has been taught in spite of the brilliant insights of Faraday and Maxwell!讓我從指出一些事實開始，狄拉克方程數(shù)學(xué)結(jié)果規(guī)定能量級施加到第四量子數(shù)（？）有兩個值，( + 1/2) 和 ( - 1/2)，和自旋量子數(shù)Ms一致，確定電子內(nèi)自旋并聲明磁性是電子自旋帶動內(nèi)部物質(zhì)的結(jié)果。另一方面，依然被告知磁場不包含機(jī)械能-只有潛在能量-并且磁體周圍的“力線”是想像的。這個錯誤的觀念已經(jīng)被教授，盡管法拉第和麥克斯韋已經(jīng)洞悉。注：1928年英國物理學(xué)家狄拉克（Paul Adrien MauriceDirac）提出了一個電子運(yùn)動的相對論性量子力學(xué)方程，即狄拉克方程。利用這個方程研究氫原子能級分布時，考慮有自旋角動量的電子作高速運(yùn)動時的相對論性效應(yīng)，給出了氫原子能級的精細(xì)結(jié)構(gòu)，與實驗符合得很好。從這個方程還可自動導(dǎo)出電子的自旋量子數(shù)應(yīng)為1/2，以及電子自旋磁矩與自旋角動量之比的朗德g因子為軌道角動量情形時朗德g因子的2倍。電子的這些性質(zhì)都是過去從分析實驗結(jié)果中總結(jié)出來的，并沒有理論的來源和解釋。狄拉克方程卻自動地導(dǎo)出這些重要基本性質(zhì)，是理論上的重大進(jìn)展。You will discover in this Book that the essence of Magnetism, Electricity, Gravity, Inertia, Planetary Motion, Thermodynamics, and a New Source of Energy and Matter are all mechanically explained by the nature of a gyroscopic-action-type-particle. It was long after I had developed my concepts that I discovered my mechanical” explanation correlated precisely with Dimes concept of mathematical spin. The reader should find it easy to advance from quantum mechanics to the mechanical essence of all matter consisting of the gyroscopic-action-entity which I present in this Book.你將在本書中發(fā)現(xiàn)，磁力、電力、重力、慣性、行星運(yùn)動、熱力學(xué)、能量和物質(zhì)的新來源都可以通過陀螺儀效應(yīng)粒子的理論力學(xué)解釋。在我發(fā)展我的概念很久以后，我發(fā)現(xiàn)我的“力學(xué)”解釋精確的符合Dime的數(shù)學(xué)旋轉(zhuǎn)的概念。讀者應(yīng)該發(fā)現(xiàn)，它比量子力學(xué)更容易得到我呈現(xiàn)在本書中由陀螺儀效應(yīng)實體組成的所有物質(zhì)的力學(xué)本質(zhì)。. the essence of Magnetism, Electricity, Gravity, Inertia, Planetary Motion, Thermodynamics, and a New Source of Energy and Matter are all mechanically explained by the nature of a gyroscopic, action-type particle.“磁力、電力、重力、慣性、行星運(yùn)動、熱力學(xué)、能量和物質(zhì)的新來源都可以通過陀螺儀效應(yīng)粒子的理論力學(xué)解釋.”A gyroscopic action is the mechanical” essence of a spin. I will now present many (seemingly unrelated) scientific facts which I examined years ago for the purpose of testing the truth of my Hypothesis and ascertaining if my Hypothesis could explain other scientific observations for which there was no mechanical understanding.陀螺儀效應(yīng)是“旋轉(zhuǎn)”的力學(xué)本質(zhì)。我將展示許多（看似無關(guān)）的科學(xué)事實，這是我多年前為檢測我的假說真實性的收集的，確認(rèn)是否我的假說可以解釋其它不能用“力學(xué)”理解的科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)。D. If we do not have a unified, mechanical” understanding of the essence of all matter, then what we physically see as an outsider to matter can be very deceiving.D. 如果我們沒有一個關(guān)于物質(zhì)本質(zhì)統(tǒng)一的“力學(xué)”理解，那么我們作為一個物質(zhì)外的旁觀者“看”到的是非常有欺騙性的。EXAMPLE:(See Figure 25-D1.)例如：（看圖25-D1）Have an uneducated individual view a gyroscope spinning in a clockwise direction as it faces the individual. Have that individual push down on the axis of the gyroscope. Because the individual observes that the gyroscope pivots to the left (with respect to the individual), the individual may arbitrarily call such pivotal motion negative.”一個無知的人看到一個陀螺儀面向他順時針旋轉(zhuǎn)。他向下按陀螺儀的一端。因為他看到陀螺儀軸向左運(yùn)動（相對于他），他也許會武斷的稱這樣的軸向運(yùn)動為“負(fù)極”。While the same individual closes his eyes, reverse the spin of the gyroscope in such a way that it now spins (see Figure 25-D2) in a counter -clockwise direction as it faces the same individual. Have the individual open his eyes and push down on the axis of the same gyroscope. Because the individual then observes that the gyroscope pivots to the right, the individual may arbitrarily call such pivotal motion positive.” Such subjective descriptions would appear to indicate that there are two different gyroscopes. However, you and I know that this is not the case. Actually, what the individual believed to be two different gyroscopes is, in fact, one and the same: a single gyroscope simply having its mass spinning in the opposite direction relative to the outside observer.當(dāng)他閉上眼，使陀螺儀面向他反向旋轉(zhuǎn)（看圖25-D2）。當(dāng)他睜開眼，向下按“同”一個陀螺儀的軸。因為他觀察到陀螺儀軸向右運(yùn)動，他也許會武斷的稱這樣的軸向運(yùn)動為“正極”。這種主觀的描述指示有兩個不同的陀螺儀。然而，你和我都知道不是這樣的。實際上，之所以相信有兩個陀螺儀而不是相同的一個是因為：一個陀螺儀簡單的使它的物質(zhì)相以于觀察都在相反的方向旋轉(zhuǎn)。E. I will now quote to you a statement I made on the occasion of my humbling realization of this simple fact described in Section 25-D in conjunction with the basic entity of all matter. I clearly recall the occasion in 1968 while flying on a commercial airline at 30,000 feet and returning home from a trip to Washington, D.C. which concerned another patent application:E.我將為你引用一段聲明，在我非常“羞愧”的發(fā)現(xiàn)25-D部分描述的所有物質(zhì)基本實體交互方式的簡單事實之際。我清楚的回憶到1968年，乘坐飛機(jī)在3000英尺高空，從為另一個專利去華盛頓的路上加家。I SIT IN AWE UPON THE REALIZATION OF THIS INGENIOUS MECHANISM THAT IS SO SIMPLE THAT IT BEFUDDLES THE MIND. MAGNETIC FIELDS AND ELECTRICAL FIELDS ARE INDEED EQUAL. THEY ARE ONE AND THE SAME. “我久久驚嘆于對這種獨(dú)特的結(jié)構(gòu)的認(rèn)識，它如此簡單以致使人使迷惑不解。磁場區(qū)域和電場區(qū)域?qū)嶋H是相同的。它們是相同的一個事物?！盓xtrapolating upon my humble thought, I concluded: consider the possibility that i