A和B剪接法一種將拍攝后的底片裝到兩種分離的卷軸上的.doc

Consistent font for headingsSwitzerlandinserat 詞匯表A A & B Cutting: A method of assembling original material in two separate rolls, allowing optical effects to be made by double printing (A and B Printing).A和B剪接法一種將拍攝后的底片裝到兩種分離的卷軸上的方法，通過用雙印片（A和B印片）得到光學效果。 A Wind: When you hold a roll of 16 mm or other single-perf film so that the film leaves the roll from the top and toward the right, the perforations will be along the edge toward the observer.A 卷（繞）片: 當您手持一盤16mm或者其他單齒孔的膠片，使膠片前端向右時，齒孔會在朝向觀察者的一邊Abrasion Marks: Scratches on film caused by dirt, improper handling, grit, emulsion pile-ups, and certain types of film damage (e.g., torn perforations).刮痕：由污物、不正確的處理、砂礫、乳劑堆積和特定類型的膠片損傷導致的膠片刮傷（例如：齒孔磨損）。Academy Aperture: In projection the aperture cutout that was specified by the American Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences that provides for a screen-image aspect ratio of approximately 1.37:1; also called sound aperture.學會標準片格（標準銀幕片窗）：在放映過程中，按照美國電影藝術和科學學會的標準，該學會為銀幕影像提供大約1.37:1的比例，也叫做“有聲片窗“。Acetate-Base Film: Any film with a support that contains cellulose triacetate; safety film.醋酸纖維片基任何具有片基的膠片其片基由三醋酸纖維素酯組成；安全膠片。Additive Color: Color mixture by adding light from any of the three primaries: red, green, and blue.加色由三原色光：紅、綠、藍混合所形成的色彩。Additive Lamphouse: A printer lamphouse consisting of three light sources; one for each color record.加色法燈箱：由三個光源組成的印片機上的光源。一個光源對應一個彩色記錄。Anamorphic: An optical system having different magnifications in the horizontal and vertical dimensions of the image. Basically, special camera lenses squeeze the image horizontally at the time of exposure. This 2-to-1 squeeze uses as much of the negative available and still allows room for an optical sound track on the release print. The print is un-squeezed by the projector lens which gives the characteristic wide screen (2.35:1) aspect ratio.變形：一個影像的水平空間和垂直空間里，這個光學系統(tǒng)呈現(xiàn)不同的放大倍數(shù)?；旧鲜翘厥獾臄z影鏡頭在曝光時對影像橫向地壓縮。這個2到1的壓縮使用了市場上所有的底片，并且仍然為發(fā)行正片上的光學聲帶保留了空間。放映機的鏡頭把正片解壓縮，并提供符合寬銀幕特點的2.35:1比例。Answer Print: The first print (combining picture and sound, if a sound picture), in release form, offered by the laboratory to the producer for acceptance. It is usually studied carefully to determine whether changes are required prior to printing the balance of the order.標準(校正)拷貝包括了影像和聲音，按照發(fā)行方式制作出的有聲片的第一部拷貝,它由沖印廠提供給制作人審查。通常要對它進行仔細的研究以確定在進行色彩的平衡之前是否需要進行一些更動。Antihalation Backing (Coating): A dark layer coated on or in the film to absorb light that would otherwise be reflected back into the emulsion from the base.防光暈層在膠片上或膠片中涂的一層黑色涂層，以吸收光線，否則光線會從片基反射到乳劑上。Aperture: (1) Lens: The orifice, usually an adjustable iris, which limits the amount of light passing through a lens. (2) Camera: In motion picture cameras, the mask opening that defines the area of each frame exposed. (3) Projector: In motion picture projectors, the mask opening that defines the area of each frame projected.光圈，片格窗，片門（1）鏡頭一個孔，通常是一個可變光柵，可以限制通過透鏡的光量。（2）攝影機在電影攝影機中，確定每個片格的曝光區(qū)域的遮蔽罩孔。（3）放映機在電影放映機中，確定每個片格的放映區(qū)域的遮蔽罩孔。ASA Exposure: Index or speed rating that denotes the film sensitivity, defined by the American National Standards Institution. Actually defined only for black-and-white films, but also used in the trade for color films.ASA 曝光指數(shù)由美國國家標準學會規(guī)定，標明膠片對光的敏感程度的指數(shù)或感光速度。事實上，它只限定于黑白底片，但是也在彩色底片上使用。B B Wind: When you hold a roll of 16 mm or other single-perf film so that the film leaves the roll from the top and toward the right; the perforations will be along the edge away from the observer.B 卷片：當您手持一盤16mm或者其他單齒孔的膠片，使膠片前端向右時，齒孔將在遠離觀察者的一邊。Backing: Antihalation Backing: A temporary, dark-colored, gelatin coating which is sometimes applied to the rear side of a photographic plate or film to reduce halation by absorbing any light that my pass through the emulsion. (2) Non-Curl Backing: A transparent, gelatin coating, sometimes applied to the opposite side of photographic film from the emulsion to prevent curling by balancing the forces that tend to curl the film as it is wet and dried during processing. (3) Coating: (e.g., anti-abrasion coating or rem-jet backing) applied to the base side of the film to improve characteristics and performance.背層：1）防光暈的涂布：一種臨時的，黑色的膠質涂料，有時用在膠片的后邊，吸收任何可能穿過乳劑的光線來減少攝影底片的光暈。2）抗彎曲的涂布：一種透明的明膠涂料，有時用在從乳劑層的反面透過平衡防止膠片彎曲，抑制濕的膠片在處理過程中干燥時產(chǎn)生的彎曲。3）涂層：例如抗擦傷涂層或黑膜涂層。用在膠片的片基上，提高膠片的性能。Base: The transparent, flexible support, commonly cellulose acetate, on which photographic emulsions are coated to make photographic film.片基：透明的，柔性的片基，通常的材料是醋酸纖維素酯，攝影乳劑就涂在上面成為攝影膠片。Bell and Howell Perforation: A film perforation shaped with flat top and bottom and curved sides.貝爾浩型片（齒）孔: 上下平行兩邊彎曲的膠片齒孔。Bleach: (1) Converting a metallic silver image to a halide or other salt which can be removed from the film with hypo. When bleaching is not carried to completion, it is called reducing. (2) Any chemical reagent that can be used for bleaching.漂白：1）把金屬銀的影像轉化成能用硫化硫酸鈉沖洗掉的鹵化物或其他鹽類。當漂白不完整時，叫做減薄。2）任何化學試劑可以用來漂白。C Camera Log: A record sheet giving details of the scenes photographed on a roll of original negative.攝影紀錄：一張記錄表，它提供了拍攝在一卷原底片上的場景的細節(jié)。Camera Operator: The person responsible for translating the instructions on the exposure sheet into camera moves and photographing the artwork.攝影師(攝影機操作員)：負責將曝光表上的讀數(shù)轉換成為攝影機的作業(yè)和實際的拍攝的人。Camera Original: Film exposed in a camera.原底片：在攝影機中經(jīng)拍攝而曝光的底片。Cell Side: The base (Celluloid) surface of a strip of film.賽璐珞面（片基面）：一條膠片的片基（賽璐珞）表面。Cellulose Triacetate: Transparent, flexible material used as a base support for photographic emulsions.三醋酸纖維素：透明的，柔軟的用作攝影乳劑的片基的材料Characteristic Curve: Shows the relationship between the exposure of a photographic material and the image density produced after processing.特性曲線: 表明攝影材料的曝光和沖洗后得到的影像密度之間的關系。Cinch Marks: Short scratches on the surface of a motion picture film which run parallel to its length. These are caused by dust or other abrasive particles between film coils or improperly winding the roll, which allows one coil of film to slide against another.卷片擦傷：電影膠片表面的短的刮傷，與長度方向平行；這些劃痕是由灰塵或其他之間的顆粒摩擦產(chǎn)生，或是由于卷軸的不恰當卷繞，導致一條膠片在另一圈上滑動時產(chǎn)生的Cinching: Practice of pulling the end of a roll to tighten it. Its not recommended.卷片不均：拉膠片的一端使其在卷軸上繞緊的動作。一般不建議使用這種方式。Cinemascope: Trade name of a system of anamorphic wide-screen presentation. The first commercially successful anamorphic system for the presentation of wide-screen pictures combined with stereophonic sound. The 35 mm negative camera image is compressed horizontally by the same amount using a similar anamorphic projection lens. Depending on the type of sound used in the print, the screen image has an aspect ratio of 2:35:1 (optical sound), or 2:55:1 (4-track magnetic sound).西尼瑪斯柯普系統(tǒng)寬銀幕電影（采用變形方法）：一個壓縮攝影寬銀幕放映系統(tǒng)的商業(yè)名稱。是第一個成功的立體聲商用壓縮攝影系統(tǒng)。35 mm底片的攝影影像用一種特殊的壓縮攝影鏡頭水平壓縮50%。在放映前，35mm影片影像再用一套相似放大鏡頭水平放大同樣的倍數(shù)。根據(jù)影片中所用的聲音類型，銀幕影像的比例：2.35:1(光學聲音)或2.55:1（4一軌磁性聲音）。Cinex Strip: A short test print in which each frame has been printed at a different exposure level.光號測試片：一種短的測試影片，其中每一個片格都在不同的曝光水平上印制。Color Analyzer: A device for determining the correct printing light ratios for printing color negatives.彩色配光機：一種決定印制彩色底片時，正確的印片光號的設備。Color Balance: The perceptual appearance of a color image on the film as a function of the ratio of exposures of each primary color recorded on the film.色彩平衡：一部影片的彩色影像的感色性的表現(xiàn)，它是影片上記錄的每一個原始色彩的曝光比例的函數(shù)Color Correction: The altering of the color balance by modifying the ratio of the printing light values.色彩校對：通過修改印片光號來改變色彩平衡。Color Duplicate (DUPE) Negative: Duplicate with a negative color image; made from a negative color original. Typically used for making release prints.彩色翻底片：復制彩色負像；從原底片復制。在制作發(fā)行拷貝時常會使用。Color Internegative: Negative-image color duplicate made from a positive color original. Typically used for making release prints.彩色中間底片：從翻正片的原始彩色影像進行的彩色負像復制。在制作發(fā)行拷貝時常用。Color Negative: A negative (opposite) record of the original scene. Colors are the complementaries of the colors in the scene; light areas are dark, and dark areas are light.彩色底片：對原場景的負像記錄。其色彩是場景中色彩的互補色；亮部區(qū)域是暗的，暗的區(qū)域是亮的。Color Positive: A positive record of the original scene.彩色正像：原來場景的正像記錄。Color Print Film: Film designed for making positive prints from color originals and color duplicates.彩色正片：設計用來從彩色底片和彩色復制片制作正像的膠片。Color Reversal Film: Film that after processing has a color positive image. Can be an original camera film or a film in which other positive films are printed.彩色反轉片：在沖洗后有彩色正像的膠片。它可以用作原始拍攝或其它正片的印制。Color Saturation: A term used to describe the brilliance or purity of a color. When colors present in a film image are projected at the proper screen brightness and without interference from stray light, the colors appear bright, deep, rich, and undiluted. They are said to be saturated.色彩飽和度：用于描述色彩的明度或純度的術語。當膠片影像的呈現(xiàn)在合適的銀幕亮度下放映，且沒有雜散光的干擾時，顯得明亮、玄妙、豐滿，純凈的色彩稱為飽和的色彩。Color Sensitivity: Portion of the spectrum to which a film is sensitive. The ability of the eye or photographic stock to respond to various wavelengths of light.感色性：膠片對光敏感的光譜部分。眼睛或攝影膠片對不同波長的光的反應能力。Color Separation Negative: Black and white negative made from red, green, or blue light from an original subject or from positive color film.分色底片：由原來的物體或彩色正片的紅、綠或藍光制作得到的黑白底片。Color Temperature: The color quality of the light source (expressed in Kelvin (K) degrees).色溫：用開爾文（凱氏）（K）表示的光源的色彩品質。色溫越高，光越偏向藍色；色溫越低，光越偏向紅色。Complementary Color: Color that is minus one of the primary colors. Cyan is minus red; cyan and red are complementary colors. Yellow is minus blue; yellow and blue are complementary colors. Magenta is minus green; magenta and green are complementary colors. When mixed in equal parts, complementary and primary colors produce white.（互）補色：減少一種原色的色彩。減去了紅是青色，因此紅色是青色的補色；減去了藍是黃色，因此藍色是黃色的補色；減去了綠是品紅色，因此綠色和品紅色是補色。將三原色等量混合就產(chǎn)生了白色，三原色都是它的補色。Composite Print: A print of a film that contains both picture and sound track. Films regularly shown in theaters are composite prints. Also called Release Print.合成拷貝：一部影片的拷貝，它包括影像和聲音。通常在影院中放映的影片都是合成拷貝。也稱為發(fā)行拷貝。Conform: Match the original film to the final edited work print.套片：將原底片剪接成與最終的編輯完成的工作拷貝相吻合。Contact Print: Print made by exposing the receiving material in contact with the original. Images are the same size as the original images, but have a reversed left-to-right orientation.接觸式印片：與原底片接觸的膠片曝光的印片方式。影像和原始影片的影像同樣大小，但左右相反。Continuous Contact Printer: A printing machine where the emulsion of the negative film is in direct physical contact with the positive raw stock emulsion, and the two films are moving continuously across the printing aperture.連續(xù)式接觸印片機：一種印片機，其中底片的乳劑和正片的生片乳劑直接接觸。同時，兩種膠片連續(xù)地通過印片機的片門。Contrast: (1) The general term for describing the tone separation in a print in relation to a given difference in the light-and-shade of the negative or subject from which it was made. Thus, contrast is the general term for the property called gamma (Y), which is measured by making an H & D curve for the process under study. (2) The range of tones in a photographic negative or positive expressed as the ratio of the extreme opacities or transparencies or as the difference between the extreme densities. This range is more properly described as scale or latitude, (3) The ability of a photographic material, developer, or process as a whole to differentiate among small gradations in the tones of the subject.反差：1) 描述正片中色調的分離的一般術語，此與底片或被拍攝的物體的明暗分布有關。因此, 反差有關特性的一般術語稱為 “伽瑪”（），“伽瑪”（）是通過做一條H&D曲線研究程序測定的。2）攝影底片或拷貝片中的色調范圍，表示為阻光或透射的比值或密度極值之間的差別。這種范圍表示為影調范圍或寬容度更為合適。3）攝影材料經(jīng)顯影和沖洗整體影調級度的區(qū)分能力。Control Strip: A short length of film containing a series of densities to check on laboratory procedures.控制光楔：一段短的膠片，它包括一系列不同的密度以檢測洗印廠的沖洗。Curve (H&D): The characteristic curve developed by Hurter and Driffield that depicts how faithfully a photographic emulsion has reproduced the tonal scale of the original scene.H&D曲線：由Hunter 和Driffield 發(fā)展的特性曲線，它描述了光學乳劑是多么忠實地重現(xiàn)原場景的影調。Cyan: Blue-green; the complement of red or the minus-red subtractive used in three-color processes.青色：藍-綠：在三色處理中用的紅色的補色。D D-Max: See Maximum Density.D-Max: 見最高密度（Maximum Density）D-Min: See Maximum Density.D-Min: 見最低密度（Minimum Denisty）Dailies: Picture and sound work prints of a days shooting; usually an untimed one-light print made without regard to color balance. Produced so that the action can be checked and the best takes selected; usually shown before the next days shooting begins.工作樣片：一天的影像和聲音工作拷貝片；通常是未配光的一個光號印片，沒有經(jīng)過色彩平衡制作成的。它的制作可以使拍攝得到檢查，選出最好的；通常在下一天的攝制工作開始之前放映。Daylight: Light consisting of a natural combination of sunlight and skylight (approximately 6500 degrees K).日光：包括太陽光和天空光源的自然組合的光線（大約6500k）。Definition: The clarity or distinctness with which detail of an image is rendered; fidelity of reproduction of sound or image.清晰度：清晰度或分辨率，通過它影像的細節(jié)得以表現(xiàn)；對影像或聲音進行忠實地再現(xiàn)。Densitometer: Instrument used to measure the optical density of an area in a processed image by transmittance or by reflectance.密度計：通過透射光法或反射光法來測定被沖洗的影像區(qū)域內的光學密度的一種儀器。Densitometry: Science of measuring the light-stopping characteristics of film or filters.密度測定，密度學：測定膠片或濾色片的阻光特性的科學。Density: Light-stopping characteristics of a film or a filter. The negative logarithm to the base ten of the transmittance (or reflectance) of a sample.密度：膠片或濾色片的阻光特性。以10為底的樣品的透射（或反射）的負對數(shù)。Depth of Field: The range of object distances within which objects are in sharp focus. 景深：物距的范圍，在這個范圍內物體可以獲得令人滿意的銳利焦距影像。Development: Process of making a visible film image from the latent image produced during exposure.顯影: 使在曝光過程中得到的潛影生成可見影像的沖洗程序。Dishing: Occurs when a loosely or tightly wound roll of film slips edgewise to form a concave/convex dish like form.盤形（卷片）：當整卷膠片輕松或較緊的卷片向邊緣滑動時，形成一種內凹/外凸的盤子形狀。Dissolve: An optical or camera effect in which one scene gradually fades out at the same time that a second scene fades in. There is an apparent double exposure during the center portion of a dissolve sequence where the two scenes overlap.疊化: 一種光學或攝影效果，其中一個場景慢慢地淡出，同時另一個場景逐漸淡入。在疊化的中間，即兩個場景重疊部分，會明顯地存在雙重曝光。Dupe: An abbreviation for duplicate. A second-generation negative.復制片：復制膠片的縮寫，是底片的第二代。Dupe, Dupe Negative: A duplicate negative made from a master positive by printing and development or from an original negative by printing followed by reversal development.翻底片：一種復制的負片,由翻正片通過印片和沖洗得到，或由原底片通過印片和反轉沖洗之后得到。Dye: In photography, the result of color processing in which the silver grains or incorporated color couplers have been converted into the appropriate dye to form part of the color image.染料: 在攝影中彩色沖洗的結果，其銀粒子或結合的彩色成色劑轉化為合適的染料，形成影像的彩色部分。E Edge Numbers: Numbers on edges of film that identify the film; used to help match original film and sound to edited workprints. Latent-image edge numbers are put on by the manufacturer, and appear during development. Printed edge numbers are placed on the film by the lab, and can be coded for all materials so that any number of picture and sound rolls will have the same sequence.片邊號碼：膠片邊緣的序號是識別膠片；用于協(xié)助剪輯工作樣片核對原片和聲音的。潛影的片邊號碼被膠片生產(chǎn)商印到膠片上的，所有的材料都有編號，這樣讓任何數(shù)量的影片和聲帶都是一樣的序列號。Edgewax: Waxing method recommended for lubricating release prints; treatment is with a solution of 50 grams of paraffin wax per litre of trichloromethane applied only to the edges of the emulsion side of the film.片邊臘潤：用封臘的方法來潤滑用于發(fā)行的拷貝；這種方法是用每升三氯乙烷溶解50克石蠟形成的溶液，只用于處理膠片的乳劑面的側緣。Emulsion, Emulsion Layer: (1) Broadly, any light sensitive photographic material consisting of a gelatin emulsion containing silver halides together with the base and any other layers or ingredients that may be required to produce a film having desirable mechanical and photographic properties. (2) In discussions of the anatomy of a photographic film, the emulsion layer is any coating that contains light sensitive silver halide grains, as distinguished from the backing, base, substratum, or filter layers.乳劑，乳劑層：1）廣義上說，是指任何光敏感性的攝影材料，它包括含鹵化銀的明膠乳劑和片基以及其它層或組分結合在一起，后者可能是膠片具有要求的機械和攝影性能所需要的。2）在討論攝影膠片的構造時，乳劑層是任何一種包含光敏感性的鹵化銀顆粒的涂層，與背層，片基，黏結層或濾層有所區(qū)別。Emulsion Number: A number identifying a complete coating from a single emulsion batch or mixture (refer appendix 1).乳劑號：用來識別來自于單獨乳劑或混合的完整的乳劑涂布。Emulsion side: The side of a film coated with emulsion.乳劑面：膠片涂有乳劑的一側。Emulsion Speed: The photosensitivity of a film, usually expressed as an index number based on the film manufacturers recommendations for the use of the film under typical conditions of exposure and development.乳劑感光度：膠片對光的敏感性，通常為膠片制造商基于膠片在典型的曝光和沖洗條件下有關膠片使用建議的一種指數(shù)。ESTAR Base: The trade name applied to the polyethylene terephthalate film base manufactured by Eastman Kodak Company.ESTAR Base: 伊士曼柯達公司生產(chǎn)的聚乙烯對苯二酸酯膠片片基的商品名稱。Exposure Index (EI): Number assigned to a film that expresses its relative sensitivity to light. The EI is based on the film emulsion speed, a standard exposure technique, and specific processing solutions.曝光指數(shù)：指定給一種膠片的數(shù)值，它標明膠片對光的相對敏感程度。EI值的基本設定包括膠片乳劑的速度，標準的曝光技術和特定的沖洗藥液。Exposure Latitude: Degree to which film can be underexposed or overexposed and still yield satisfactory results.曝光寬容度：膠片在曝光不足或曝光過度時，卻仍然能夠產(chǎn)生令人滿意的結果的程度。Exposure Meter, Incident: A meter calibrated to read and integrate all the light aimed at and falling on a subject within a large area. (Scale may be calibrated in foot-candles or in photographic exposure settings.)曝光表（入射式）：一種校準的測量儀器，用于在大范圍內對集中和落在物體上的所有的光進行讀取和整合。其單位可以用呎燭光或攝影曝光之設定校準。Exposure Meter, Reflectance: A meter calibrated to read the amount of light, within a more restricted area, reflecting from the surface of a subject or an overall scene. (Scale may be calibrated in foot-candles or in photographic exposure settings.)曝光表，反射式：一種校準的測量儀器，用于對有限范圍內，從物體表面或全部場景反射出的光量進行讀數(shù)。其單位可以用呎燭光或攝影曝光之設定校準。Exposure: Amount of light that acts on photographic material; product of illumination intensity (controlled by the lens opening) and duration (controlled by the shutter opening and the frame rate).曝光照在攝影材料上的光量；是照明強度（由鏡頭開口控制）和持續(xù)時間（由快門和片格速度控制）綜合作用的結果。F f-Number: A symbol t