小學(xué)英語語法分類總復(fù)習(xí).doc

11小學(xué)英語語法總復(fù)習(xí)（一）-名詞名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之分?？蓴?shù)名詞可用數(shù)字來計算，有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字來計算，沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況，直接在名詞后加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, foot-foots2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾得詞，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, baby-babies4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives,wife-wives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _child _that photo day_sandwich_ boy_dress _tooth_ sheep_box_man_woman_toy family 小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（二）-介詞下面就時間概念的介詞用法做一簡要介紹和比較。 1 at(1)表示時間概念的某一個點。（在具體的某一時刻和時段等）。 at night at 6:00 (2)表示在某一具體地點（小地點）。如at the bus stop ,at home2 on (1) 在上面（表面接觸；長在上面）。如on the chair,on the tree (2)在某天的上午、下午或晚上。如:on Monday ,on Tueday moring3in （1）在里面。如：in the box （2）在一段時間里。如:in the moring （3）在某一年份、季節(jié)、月份。如：in 2014，in October,in summer （4）在上（外來）如：There is a cat in the tree.4after（1）在之后（時間）。如：I often play football school .(2)在后面(位置)。如：I can run after you .口訣（時間介詞）年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號要用on，上午下午又是in。 要說某日上下午，用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏須用at，黎明用它也不錯。 at也用在時分前，說“差”可要用上to， 說“過”只可使用past，多說多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎。 口訣（方位介詞） in在里，out在外，在旁邊的是beside，靠近的為by， on在上，under在下，over在上頭，below在底下。詞 語 練 習(xí)一、介詞填空1、_ the school playground 2、 _ Wednesday 3、 a lot _ fruit trees 4、live _ a town 5、 look _ them 7、_ New Year 6、 _ Christmas Day小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（三）-代詞一、人稱代詞和物主代詞1、 人稱代詞有主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個動詞之前，賓格一般位于動詞或介詞之后。 2、物主代詞有形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時后面一般要帶上詞，名詞性則單獨使用，后面不帶名詞。人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性我Ime我的mymine你，你們youyou你的，你們的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我們weus我們的ourours他（她，它）們theythem他（她，它）們的theirtheirs二、指示代詞 共有四個：this,that,these,those。this 和that 用于指代單數(shù)，these和 those用于指代復(fù)數(shù)。三、疑問代詞一般用來構(gòu)成特殊疑問句，常見的疑問代詞有who（誰）,when什么時候）,where（哪里）,what（什么）,how（怎樣） ,which（哪一個）等等。小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（四）-形容詞形容詞比較級和最高級變化規(guī)則:構(gòu)成原級比較級最高級單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)單詞一般詞尾加-er, -esttalllongoldsmalltallerlongeroldersmallertallestlongestoldestsmallest以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞,直接加-r,-stnicefinelargenicerfinerlargernicestfinestlargest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞,如末尾只有一個輔音字母,雙寫該字母,再加-er,-estbighot fatthinbiggerhotterfatterthinnerbiggesthottestfattestthinnest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er,-estheavybusyearlyeasyheavierbusierearliereasierheaviestbusiestearliesteasiest不規(guī)則變化的形容詞: little / few（原形） - less （比較級）- least（最高級）good（原形） - better（比較級） - best（最高級）bad （原形） - worse（比較級） - worst（最高級）小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（五）-一般現(xiàn)在時(一)一般現(xiàn)在時的基本用法;1.表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動作，常與表示頻率的時間狀語連用，（alway, usually, sometime, never, every day, every week，如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點起床。2.表示客觀現(xiàn)實和普遍的真理。如：The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽轉(zhuǎn)。3.表示主語的特征、能力、職業(yè)、性格。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍色的。My mother is a teacher .我媽媽是位老師。（二）一般現(xiàn)在時的構(gòu)成：1. be動詞：肯定句：主語+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個男孩。否定句：主語+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問句：Be +主語+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.2. 行為動詞：肯定句：主語+行為動詞(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語。（當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時，要在動詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語）否定句：主語+ dont( doesnt ) +動詞原形(+其它)。 如： I dont like bread.（當主語為第三人稱單數(shù)時，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如： He doesnt often play.） 一般疑問句：Do( Does ) +主語+動詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.。（三）一般現(xiàn)在時動詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則：1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：look-looks, play-plays2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies, fly-flies另外，還有一些特殊情況，需熟記。如：havehas小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（六）-現(xiàn)在進行時現(xiàn)在進行時：現(xiàn)在進行時表示現(xiàn)在正在進行或發(fā)生的動作，也可表示當前一段時間內(nèi)的活動或現(xiàn)階段正在進行的動作。 現(xiàn)在進行時由be+動詞ing構(gòu)成肯定句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be+ 動詞ing. 如： I am watching TV.否定句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語+be not + 動詞ing.如： I am not watching TV.一般疑問句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be動詞 +主語 +動詞ing?如： Are you watching TV? Yes , I am./ No, I am not.特殊疑問句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問詞+ be +主語+動詞ing?如：What are you doing? 但疑問詞當主語時，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問詞+ be + 動詞ing? 如：Who is watching TV?動詞加ing（動詞現(xiàn)在分詞）的變化規(guī)則動詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：動詞原形+ing，規(guī)則如下： 一般情況下直接加ing think-thinking sleep-sleeping send-sending speak-speaking 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking 以重讀閉音節(jié)（重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個輔音中間夾一個元音并且重讀的音節(jié)）結(jié)尾，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running skip-skipping這類詞還有：get, run, set, swim, drop 等。 小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（七）-一般將來時一般將來時：表示將來某個時間要發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示打算、計劃或準備做某事。常與一般將來時連用的時間狀語有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 一般將來時的用法和結(jié)構(gòu);肯定句: 主語+will+ 動詞原形+其它. 如：I will go to the park tomorrow.主語+be going to + 動詞原形+其它 如：I am going to go to the park tomorrow.be going to = willI will go to the park tomorrow. = I am going to go to the park tomorrow. 否定句：在be動詞（am, is, are）后加not，情態(tài)動詞will后加not(will not=wont)。例如：I will have a picnic this afternoon. I wont going to have a picnic this afternoon.一般疑問句： 把be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。I will go to the park tomorrow.-Will you go to the park tomorrow?4 特殊疑問句1、問人疑問詞為(Who) 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 問某人要去干什么疑問詞為(What). 例如：My father is going to watch TV thisafternoon. What is your father going to do this afternoon?3. 問某人去哪里疑問詞為（where） Hes going to have a picnic in the park. - Where is he going to have a picnic?4問某人什么時候去疑問詞為（when）例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（八）-一般過去時一般過去時表示過去某個時間發(fā)生的動作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動作。常用的表示過去的時間狀語有：yesterday , last year /month/week/night, just now, ago. 一般過去時的句型結(jié)構(gòu);謂語動詞為be動詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：主語+be動詞過去式+其它 如：Mr Li was a teacher ten years ago.否定句：主語+be動詞過去式+not+其它 如：如：Mr Li was not a teacher ten years ago.be動詞過去式+主語+其它如：Was Mr Li a teacher ten years ago?一般過去時be動詞的變化：am 和is在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過去時中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問句把was或were調(diào)到句首。謂語動詞是實義動詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語+動詞過去式+其它 如： Jim went home yesterday.否定句：主語+didnt +動詞原形？ 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問句： Did+主語+動詞原形？ 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問句：疑問詞+did+主語+動詞原形？ 如：What did Jim do yesterday? 當疑問詞做主語時：疑問詞+動詞過去式？如：Who went home yesterday?（3）動詞過去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動詞末尾加-ed，如：playplayed, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：likeliked 3以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，在加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動詞過去式：am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, swim-swam, sit-sat 小學(xué)英語總復(fù)習(xí)（九）-There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主語是單數(shù)，be 動詞用is ; 主語是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動詞根據(jù)最近be 動詞的那個名詞決定（就近原則）。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動詞后加not , 一般疑問句把be 動詞調(diào)到句首。4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問句。7、針對數(shù)量提問的特殊疑問句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語？ 語法練習(xí)題寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_ man_ woman_ 一、寫出下列動詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_用恰當?shù)腷e動詞填空。1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.2. _ your brother in the classroom? 3. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.4. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.5. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I?13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you.15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me.19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there.21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room.25. There _ some apples on the tree. 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate.29. There _a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.用括號內(nèi)動詞的適當形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 一、寫出下列動詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play_run_swim _make_ go_like_write_ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_sit _begin_shop_ 二、用所給的動詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .一.填寫代詞表主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞。Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所給詞的適當形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 19. May I sit beside _? ( you )20. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )二、按照要求改寫句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) _2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問句，作肯定回答) _4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句) _7. I like taking photos in the park.(對劃線部分提問) _8. John comes from Canada.(對劃線部分提問) _9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問句，作否定回答) _10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句) _三、改錯(劃出錯誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問句和否定句) _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問句并作肯定和否定回答) _3Im playing the football in the playground .(對劃線部分進行提問) _4Tom is reading books in his study . (對劃線部分進行提問) _練習(xí)：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下個星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個周末去購物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時候見面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） 6. Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對劃線部分提問）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. Its Friday today. What _she _(do) this weekend? She _(watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.過去時練習(xí)：寫出下列動詞的過去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _Be動詞的過去時練習(xí)一、用be動詞的適當形式填空。1. I _ an English teacher now.