小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法分類總復(fù)習(xí).doc

11小學(xué)英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總復(fù)習(xí)（一）-名詞名詞有可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞之分?？蓴?shù)名詞可用數(shù)字來(lái)計(jì)算，有單、復(fù)數(shù)形式，不可數(shù)名詞不能用數(shù)字來(lái)計(jì)算，沒(méi)有復(fù)數(shù)形式。一、可數(shù)名詞單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)規(guī)則1一般情況，直接在名詞后加-s，如：book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, foot-foots2以s. x. sh. ch結(jié)尾的詞，在詞尾加-es，如：bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾得詞，變y為i, 再加-es，如：family-families, baby-babies4以“f或fe”結(jié)尾，變f或fe為v, 再加-es，如：knife-knives,wife-wives5不規(guī)則名詞復(fù)數(shù)：man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, sheep-sheep people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù) I _ him _ this _ her _ watch _child _that photo day_sandwich_ boy_dress _tooth_ sheep_box_man_woman_toy family 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（二）-介詞下面就時(shí)間概念的介詞用法做一簡(jiǎn)要介紹和比較。 1 at(1)表示時(shí)間概念的某一個(gè)點(diǎn)。（在具體的某一時(shí)刻和時(shí)段等）。 at night at 6:00 (2)表示在某一具體地點(diǎn)（小地點(diǎn)）。如at the bus stop ,at home2 on (1) 在上面（表面接觸；長(zhǎng)在上面）。如on the chair,on the tree (2)在某天的上午、下午或晚上。如:on Monday ,on Tueday moring3in （1）在里面。如：in the box （2）在一段時(shí)間里。如:in the moring （3）在某一年份、季節(jié)、月份。如：in 2014，in October,in summer （4）在上（外來(lái)）如：There is a cat in the tree.4after（1）在之后（時(shí)間）。如：I often play football school .(2)在后面(位置)。如：I can run after you .口訣（時(shí)間介詞）年月周前要用in，日子前面卻不行。 遇到幾號(hào)要用on，上午下午又是in。 要說(shuō)某日上下午，用on換in才能行。午夜黃昏須用at，黎明用它也不錯(cuò)。 at也用在時(shí)分前，說(shuō)“差”可要用上to， 說(shuō)“過(guò)”只可使用past，多說(shuō)多練牢牢記，莫讓歲月空蹉跎。 口訣（方位介詞） in在里，out在外，在旁邊的是beside，靠近的為by， on在上，under在下，over在上頭，below在底下。詞 語(yǔ) 練 習(xí)一、介詞填空1、_ the school playground 2、 _ Wednesday 3、 a lot _ fruit trees 4、live _ a town 5、 look _ them 7、_ New Year 6、 _ Christmas Day小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（三）-代詞一、人稱代詞和物主代詞1、 人稱代詞有主格和賓格的區(qū)別：主格通常位于句中第一個(gè)動(dòng)詞之前，賓格一般位于動(dòng)詞或介詞之后。 2、物主代詞有形容詞性與名詞性的區(qū)別：形容詞性用時(shí)后面一般要帶上詞，名詞性則單獨(dú)使用，后面不帶名詞。人稱代詞物主代詞主格賓格形容詞性名詞性我Ime我的mymine你，你們youyou你的，你們的youryours他hehim他的hishis她sheher她的herhers它itit它的itsits我們weus我們的ourours他（她，它）們theythem他（她，它）們的theirtheirs二、指示代詞 共有四個(gè)：this,that,these,those。this 和that 用于指代單數(shù)，these和 those用于指代復(fù)數(shù)。三、疑問(wèn)代詞一般用來(lái)構(gòu)成特殊疑問(wèn)句，常見(jiàn)的疑問(wèn)代詞有who（誰(shuí)）,when什么時(shí)候）,where（哪里）,what（什么）,how（怎樣） ,which（哪一個(gè)）等等。小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（四）-形容詞形容詞比較級(jí)和最高級(jí)變化規(guī)則:構(gòu)成原級(jí)比較級(jí)最高級(jí)單音節(jié)和少數(shù)雙音節(jié)單詞一般詞尾加-er, -esttalllongoldsmalltallerlongeroldersmallertallestlongestoldestsmallest以字母e結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞,直接加-r,-stnicefinelargenicerfinerlargernicestfinestlargest以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞,如末尾只有一個(gè)輔音字母,雙寫該字母,再加-er,-estbighot fatthinbiggerhotterfatterthinnerbiggesthottestfattestthinnest以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的形容詞或副詞，把y變?yōu)閕，再加-er,-estheavybusyearlyeasyheavierbusierearliereasierheaviestbusiestearliesteasiest不規(guī)則變化的形容詞: little / few（原形） - less （比較級(jí)）- least（最高級(jí)）good（原形） - better（比較級(jí)） - best（最高級(jí)）bad （原形） - worse（比較級(jí)） - worst（最高級(jí)）小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（五）-一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)(一)一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的基本用法;1.表示經(jīng)常的或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與表示頻率的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，（alway, usually, sometime, never, every day, every week，如：I get up at six every day.我每天六點(diǎn)起床。2.表示客觀現(xiàn)實(shí)和普遍的真理。如：The earth moves around the sun.地球繞著太陽(yáng)轉(zhuǎn)。3.表示主語(yǔ)的特征、能力、職業(yè)、性格。如：The sky is blue.天空是藍(lán)色的。My mother is a teacher .我媽媽是位老師。（二）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的構(gòu)成：1. be動(dòng)詞：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be(am, is, are)+其它。如：I am a boy. 我是一個(gè)男孩。否定句：主語(yǔ)+ be + not +其它。 如：He is not a worker.他不是工人。一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+其它。如：-Are you a student? -Yes. I am. / No, Im not.2. 行為動(dòng)詞：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+行為動(dòng)詞(+其它)。 如： We study English. 我們學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ)。（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)(he, she, it)時(shí)，要在動(dòng)詞后加-s或-es。如：Mary likes Chinese.瑪麗喜歡漢語(yǔ)）否定句：主語(yǔ)+ dont( doesnt ) +動(dòng)詞原形(+其它)。 如： I dont like bread.（當(dāng)主語(yǔ)為第三人稱單數(shù)時(shí)，要用doesnt構(gòu)成否定句。如： He doesnt often play.） 一般疑問(wèn)句：Do( Does ) +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形+其它。如：- Do you often play football? - Yes, I do. / No, I dont.。（三）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)動(dòng)詞第三人稱單數(shù)形式變化規(guī)則：1一般情況下，直接加-s，如：look-looks, play-plays2以s. x. sh. ch. o結(jié)尾，加-es，如： wash-washes, watch-watches, go-goes3以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾，變y為i, 再加-es，如：study-studies, fly-flies另外，還有一些特殊情況，需熟記。如：havehas小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（六）-現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)：現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表示現(xiàn)在正在進(jìn)行或發(fā)生的動(dòng)作，也可表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)由be+動(dòng)詞ing構(gòu)成肯定句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be+ 動(dòng)詞ing. 如： I am watching TV.否定句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：主語(yǔ)+be not + 動(dòng)詞ing.如： I am not watching TV.一般疑問(wèn)句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)： be動(dòng)詞 +主語(yǔ) +動(dòng)詞ing?如： Are you watching TV? Yes , I am./ No, I am not.特殊疑問(wèn)句 基本結(jié)構(gòu)：疑問(wèn)詞+ be +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞ing?如：What are you doing? 但疑問(wèn)詞當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)，其結(jié)構(gòu)為：疑問(wèn)詞+ be + 動(dòng)詞ing? 如：Who is watching TV?動(dòng)詞加ing（動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞）的變化規(guī)則動(dòng)詞現(xiàn)在分詞構(gòu)成：動(dòng)詞原形+ing，規(guī)則如下： 一般情況下直接加ing think-thinking sleep-sleeping send-sending speak-speaking 以不發(fā)音的字母e結(jié)尾的單詞,去掉字母e，再加ing come-coming make-making leave-leaving have-having take-taking 以重讀閉音節(jié)（重讀閉音節(jié)即兩個(gè)輔音中間夾一個(gè)元音并且重讀的音節(jié)）結(jié)尾，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，再加ing stop-stopping sit-sitting run-running skip-skipping這類詞還有：get, run, set, swim, drop 等。 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（七）-一般將來(lái)時(shí)一般將來(lái)時(shí)：表示將來(lái)某個(gè)時(shí)間要發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也可以表示打算、計(jì)劃或準(zhǔn)備做某事。常與一般將來(lái)時(shí)連用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：tomorrow, next day(week, month, year),soon, the day after tomorrow（后天）等。 一般將來(lái)時(shí)的用法和結(jié)構(gòu);肯定句: 主語(yǔ)+will+ 動(dòng)詞原形+其它. 如：I will go to the park tomorrow.主語(yǔ)+be going to + 動(dòng)詞原形+其它 如：I am going to go to the park tomorrow.be going to = willI will go to the park tomorrow. = I am going to go to the park tomorrow. 否定句：在be動(dòng)詞（am, is, are）后加not，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞will后加not(will not=wont)。例如：I will have a picnic this afternoon. I wont going to have a picnic this afternoon.一般疑問(wèn)句： 把be或will提到句首，some改為any, and改為or，第一二人稱互換。I will go to the park tomorrow.-Will you go to the park tomorrow?4 特殊疑問(wèn)句1、問(wèn)人疑問(wèn)詞為(Who) 例如：Im going to New York soon. Whos going to New York soon.2. 問(wèn)某人要去干什么疑問(wèn)詞為(What). 例如：My father is going to watch TV thisafternoon. What is your father going to do this afternoon?3. 問(wèn)某人去哪里疑問(wèn)詞為（where） Hes going to have a picnic in the park. - Where is he going to have a picnic?4問(wèn)某人什么時(shí)候去疑問(wèn)詞為（when）例如：Shes going to go to bed at nine. When is she going to bed?小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（八）-一般過(guò)去時(shí)一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)，也表示過(guò)去經(jīng)?；蚍磸?fù)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。常用的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)有：yesterday , last year /month/week/night, just now, ago. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的句型結(jié)構(gòu);謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be動(dòng)詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu) 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它 如：Mr Li was a teacher ten years ago.否定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+not+其它 如：如：Mr Li was not a teacher ten years ago.be動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+主語(yǔ)+其它如：Was Mr Li a teacher ten years ago?一般過(guò)去時(shí)be動(dòng)詞的變化：am 和is在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣as。（was not=wasnt）are在一般過(guò)去時(shí)中變?yōu)閣ere。（were not=werent）帶有was或were的句子，其否定、疑問(wèn)的變化和is, am, are一樣，即否定句在was或were后加not，一般疑問(wèn)句把was或were調(diào)到句首。謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的句型結(jié)構(gòu)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式+其它 如： Jim went home yesterday.否定句：主語(yǔ)+didnt +動(dòng)詞原形？ 如：Jim didnt go home yesterday. 一般疑問(wèn)句： Did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？ 如：Did Jim go home yesterday?特殊疑問(wèn)句：疑問(wèn)詞+did+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形？ 如：What did Jim do yesterday? 當(dāng)疑問(wèn)詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí)：疑問(wèn)詞+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式？如：Who went home yesterday?（3）動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式變化規(guī)則：1一般在動(dòng)詞末尾加-ed，如：playplayed, cook-cooked2結(jié)尾是e加d，如：likeliked 3以重讀閉音節(jié)結(jié)尾，先雙寫末尾的輔音字母，在加-ed，如：stop-stopped4以“輔音字母+y”結(jié)尾的，變y為i， 再加-ed，如：study-studied5不規(guī)則動(dòng)詞過(guò)去式：am, is-was, are-were, do-did, see-saw, say-said, give-gave, get-got, go-went, come-came, have-had, eat-ate, take-took, run-ran, sing-sang, put-put, make-made, read-read, write-wrote, draw-drew, drink-drank, fly-flew, ride-rode, speak-spoke, swim-swam, sit-sat 小學(xué)英語(yǔ)總復(fù)習(xí)（九）-There be 句型與have, has的區(qū)別1、There be 句型表示：在某地有某物（或人）2、在there be 句型中，主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用is ; 主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，be 動(dòng)詞用are ; 如有幾件物品，be 動(dòng)詞根據(jù)最近be 動(dòng)詞的那個(gè)名詞決定（就近原則）。3、there be 句型的否定句在be 動(dòng)詞后加not , 一般疑問(wèn)句把be 動(dòng)詞調(diào)到句首。4、there be句型與have(has) 的區(qū)別：there be 表示在某地有某物（或人）；have(has) 表示某人擁有某物。5、some 和any 在there be 句型中的運(yùn)用：some 用于肯定句， any 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。6、and 和or 在there be句型中的運(yùn)用：and 用于肯定句， or 用于否定句或疑問(wèn)句。7、針對(duì)數(shù)量提問(wèn)的特殊疑問(wèn)句的基本結(jié)構(gòu)是： How many + 名詞復(fù)數(shù) + are there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？ How much + 不可數(shù)名詞 + is there + 介詞短語(yǔ)？ 語(yǔ)法練習(xí)題寫出下列各詞的復(fù)數(shù)I _him _this _her _ watch _child _photo _diary _ day_ foot_book_ dress _tooth_ sheep _box_ strawberry _ peach_ sandwich _dish_bus_ man_ woman_ 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的第三人稱單數(shù) drink _ go _ stay _ make _ look _ have_ pass_ carry _come_ watch_ plant_ fly _ study_ brush_ do_ teach_wash_用恰當(dāng)?shù)腷e動(dòng)詞填空。1. I _ a boy. _ you a boy? No, I _ not. 2. The man with big eyes _ a teacher.2. _ your brother in the classroom? 3. Where _ your mother? She _ at home.4. How _ your father? 8. Mike and Liu Tao _ at school.5. Whose dress _ this? 10. Whose socks _ they?11. That _ my red skirt. 12. Who _ I?13.The jeans _ on the desk. 14. Here _ a scarf for you.15. Here _ some sweaters for you. 16. The black gloves _ for Su Yang.17. This pair of gloves _ for Yang Ling. 18. The two cups of milk _ for me.19. Some tea _ in the glass. 20. Gao shans shirt _ over there.21. My sisters name _Nancy. 22. This _ not Wang Fangs pencil.23. _ David and Helen from England? 24. There _ a girl in the room.25. There _ some apples on the tree. 27. _ there any apple juice in the bottle? 28. There _ some bread on the plate.29. There _a boy, two girls, three men and ten women in the park. 30. You, he and I _ from China.用括號(hào)內(nèi)動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. He often _(have) dinner at home. 2. Daniel and Tommy _(be) in Class One. 3. We _(not watch) TV on Monday. 4. Nick _(not go) to the zoo on Sunday. 5. _ they _(like) the World Cup? 6. What _they often _(do) on Saturdays? 7. _ your parents _(read) newspapers every day? 8. The girl _(teach) us English on Sundays. 9. She and I _(take) a walk together every evening. 10. There _(be) some water in the bottle. 11. Mike _(like) cooking 12. They _(have) the same hobby. 13. My aunt _(look) after her baby carefully. 14. You always _(do) your homework well. 15. I _(be) ill. Im staying in bed. 16. She _(go) to school from Monday to Friday. 17. Liu Tao _(do) not like PE. 18. The child often _(watch) TV in the evening. 19. Su Hai and Su Yang _(have) eight lessons this term. 20. What day _(be) it today? Its Saturday 一、寫出下列動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞： play_run_swim _make_ go_like_write_ski_read_ have_ sing _ dance_ put_ see_ buy _love_ live_ take_ come _ get_ stop_sit _begin_shop_ 二、用所給的動(dòng)詞的正確形式填空： 1.The boy _ ( draw)a picture now. 2. Listen .Some girls _ ( sing)in the classroom . 3. My mother _ ( cook )some nice food now.4. What _ you _ ( do ) now? 5. Look . They _( have) an English lesson . 6.They _(not ,water) the flowers now. 7.Look! the girls _(dance )in the classroom . 8.What is our granddaughter doing? She _(listen ) to music. 9. Its 5 oclock now. We _(have)supper now 10._Helen_(wash )clothes? Yes ,she is .一.填寫代詞表主格、賓格、形容詞性物主代詞、名詞性物主代詞。Iitweyouthemhisyourhers二.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. That is not _ kite. That kite is very small, but _ is very big. ( I )2. The dress is _. Give it to _. ( she ) 3. Is this _ watch? (you) No, its not _ . ( I )4. _ is my brother. _ name is Jack. Look! Those stamps are _. ( he )5. _ dresses are red. (we) What colour are _? ( you ) 6. Here are many dolls, which one is _ ? ( she )7. I can find my toy, but wheres _? ( you ) 8. Show _ your kite, OK? (they)9. I have a beautiful cat. _name is Mimi. These cakes are _. ( it )10. Are these _ tickets? No, _ are not _. _ arent here. ( they ) 11. Shall _ have a look at that classroom? That is _ classroom. ( we )12. _ is my aunt. Do you know _ job? _ a nurse. ( she )13. That is not _ camera. _is at home. ( he )14. Where are _? I cant find _. Lets call _ parents. ( they )15. Dont touch _. _ not a cat, _ a tiger!16. _ sister is ill. Please go and get _. ( she )17. _ dont know her name. Would you please tell _. ( we )18. So many dogs. Lets count _. ( they ) 19. May I sit beside _? ( you )20. I have a lovely brother. _ is only 3. I like _ very much. ( he )21. Look at that desk. Those book are on _. ( it ） 22.The girl behind _ is our friend. (she )二、按照要求改寫句子。1. Daniel watches TV every evening.(改為否定句) _2. I do my homework every day.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) _3. She likes milk.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作肯定回答) _4. Amy likes playing computer games.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) _5. We go to school every morning.(改為否定句) _6. He speaks English very well.(改為否定句) _7. I like taking photos in the park.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _8. John comes from Canada.(對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)) _9. She is always a good student.(改為一般疑問(wèn)句，作否定回答) _10. Simon and Daniel like going skating.(改為否定句) _三、改錯(cuò)(劃出錯(cuò)誤的地方，將正確的寫在橫線上)1. Is your brother speak English? _ 2. Does he likes going fishing? _3. He likes play games after class. _ 4. Mr. Wu teachs us English. _5. She dont do her homework on Sundays. _三、句型轉(zhuǎn)換：1. They are doing housework .(分別改成一般疑問(wèn)句和否定句) _2The students are cleaning the classroom . ( 改一般疑問(wèn)句并作肯定和否定回答) _3Im playing the football in the playground .(對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)) _4Tom is reading books in his study . (對(duì)劃線部分進(jìn)行提問(wèn)) _練習(xí)：填空。1. 我打算明天和朋友去野炊。I_ _ _ have a picnic with my friends.I _ have a picnic with my friends.2. 下個(gè)星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打籃球。What _ _ _ _ _ next Monday?I _ _ _ play basketball. What _ you do next Monday?I _ play basketball.3. 你媽媽這個(gè)周末去購(gòu)物嗎？是，她要去買一些水果。_ your mother _ _ go shopping this _? Yes, she _. She _ _ _ buy some fruit.4.你們打算什么時(shí)候見(jiàn)面。 What time _ you _ _ meet?改句子。5. Nancy is going to go camping.（改否定） 6. Nancy _ going to go camping.6. Ill go and join them.（改否定） I _ go _ join them.7. Im going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.（改一般疑問(wèn)句） _ _ _ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow?8. We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.（改一般疑問(wèn)句）_ _ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.9. She is going to listen to music after school.（對(duì)劃線部分提問(wèn)）_ _ she _ _ _ after school?10. My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上) _ _ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.用所給詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。11. Today is a sunny day. We _ (have) a picnic this afternoon.12. My brother _ (go) to Shanghai next week.13. Tom often _(go) to school on foot. But today is rain. He _ (go) to school by bike.14. What do you usually do at weekends? I usually _ (watch) TV and _(catch) insects?15. Its Friday today. What _she _(do) this weekend? She _(watch) TV and _ (catch) insects.16. What _ (d0) you do last Sunday? I _ (pick) apples on a farm.What _ (do) next Sunday? I _ (milk) cows.17. Mary _ (visit) her grandparents tomorrow.18. Liu Tao _ (fly) kites in the playground yesterday.19. David _ (give) a puppet show next Monday.20. I _ (plan) for my study now.過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)：寫出下列動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式isam_ fly_ plant_ are _ drink_play_ go_ make _ does_ dance_worry_ ask _ taste_ eat_ draw_put _ throw_ kick_ pass_ do _Be動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去時(shí)練習(xí)一、用be動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空。1. I _ an English teacher now.