筆譯技巧：省略法.doc

筆譯技巧：省略法一、從語法角度來看（一）省代詞1省略作主語的人稱代詞根據(jù)漢語習慣，前句出現(xiàn)一個主語，后句如仍為同一主語，就不必重復出現(xiàn)。英語中通常每句都有主語，因此人稱代詞作主語往往多次出現(xiàn)，這種人稱代詞漢譯時常?？梢允÷浴＃?）省略作主語的人稱代詞I had many wonderful ideas, but I only put a few into practice.我有很多美妙的想法，但是只把少數(shù)付諸實踐了。He was thin and haggard and he looked miserable.他瘦弱憔悴，看上去一副可憐相。（2）英語中，泛指人稱代詞作主語時，即使是作第一個主語，在漢語譯文中往往也可以省略。We live and learn.活到老，學到老。When will he arrive?-You can never tell.他什么時候到？-說不準。The significance of a man is not in what he attained but rather in what he longs to attain.人生的意義不在于已經(jīng)獲取的，而在于渴望得到什么樣的東西。2省略作賓語的代詞英語中有些作賓語的代詞，不管前面是否提到過，翻譯時往往可以省略。The more he tried to hide his mistakes, the more he revealed them.他越是想要掩蓋他的錯誤，就越是容易暴露。Please take off the old picture and throw it away.請把那張舊畫取下來扔掉。3省略物主代詞英語句子中的物主代詞出現(xiàn)的頻率相當高。一個句子往往會出現(xiàn)好幾個物主代詞，如果將每個物主代詞都翻譯出來，那么漢語譯文就顯得非常羅嗦。所以在沒有其他人稱的物主代詞出現(xiàn)的情況下，在翻譯時物主代詞大多被省略。I put my hand into my pocket.我把手放進口袋。She listened to me with her rounded eyes.她睜大雙眼，聽我說話。4. 省略反身代詞How does atoms arrange themselves in a solid?原子在固體中是如何排列的？We should concern ourselves here only with the structure of atoms.這里我們只論述原子的結構。Friction manifests itself as a force that opposes motion.磨擦表現(xiàn)為阻礙運動的力。Although pure science usually has no apparent connection with technology, it does lend itself to the development of applied science.理論科學雖然通常與技術沒有明顯的聯(lián)系，但確實有助于應用科學的發(fā)展。（二）代詞it的省略it起著代詞的作用，在譯文中，當它被用作非人稱或沒有意義的時候，往往可以省略。Outside it was pitch dark and it was raining cats and dogs.外面一團漆黑，大雨傾盆。He glanced at his watch; it was 7:15.他一看表，是七點一刻了。It took me a long time to reach the hospital.我花了很長時間才到了醫(yī)院。It is the people who are really powerful.人民才是最強大的。（三）省略連接詞漢語詞語之間連接詞用得不多，其上下邏輯關系常常是暗含的，由詞語的次序來表示。英語則不然，連接詞用得比較多。因此，英譯漢時在很多情況下可不必把連接詞譯出來。He looked gloomy and troubled.他看上去有些憂愁不安。（省略并列連接詞）As it is late, you had better go home.時間不早了，你最好回家去吧。（省略表示原因的連接詞）If sinter comes, can spring be far behind?冬天來了，春天還會遠嗎？（省略表示條件的連接詞）If I had known it, I would not have joined in to.早知如此，我就不參加了。（省略表示條件的連接詞）John rose gloomily as the train stopped, for he was thinking of his ailing mother.火車停了，約翰郁郁地站了起來，因為他想起了病中的母親。（省略表示時間的連接詞）（四）省略冠詞1英語有冠詞，漢語沒有冠詞；因此，英譯漢時往往可將冠詞省略。A teacher should have patience in his work.當教員的應當有耐心。（省略不定冠詞A）The horse is a useful animal.馬是有益的動物。（省略定完詞The）It is out of the question to fly to the moon in the past.在過去，飛往月球是絕對辦不到的事情。（省略定完詞The）The moon was slowly rising above the sea.月亮慢慢從海上升起。（省略定冠詞The）2英譯漢時，省略原文中的冠詞是一般情況。但在某些場合，冠詞卻不能省略，可以翻譯為一個，每一，這個，那個等。例如：He left without saying a word.他一句話不說就走了。Egbert said he was getting a dollar a mile.埃格伯特說，他（開車）每天一英里就賺一塊錢。This is the book you wanted.這就是你要的那本書。（五）省略介詞1省略表示時間的前置詞一般說來，表示時間和地點的英語介詞，譯成漢語如出現(xiàn)在句首，大都可以省略，出現(xiàn)在句尾大都不省略。The Peoples Republic of China was founded in 1949.一九四九年中華人民共和國成立。比較：中華人民共和國成立于一九四九年。（介詞譯成漢語在句首時可以省略，在句尾就沒有省略）On July 1, 1997, Hongkong returned to the Peoples Republic of China.一九九七年七月，香港回歸了中華人民共和國。2省略表示地點的前置詞Smoking is prohibited in public places.公共場所不準吸煙。In winter, it is much colder in the North than it is in the South.冬天，北方的天氣比南方冷得多。然而，表示地點的英語介詞在譯文句首往往可以省略，但放在動詞后面卻一般不省略，如：He stood by the desk.他站在桌旁。I stayed in my brothers house.我住在弟弟家里。（六）省略動詞英語句子中一般必須有謂語動詞。而漢語的謂語并不一定非由動詞充當，形容詞和名詞等同樣可以作謂語。英譯漢時可根據(jù)漢語的習慣適當省略原文中的某些動詞。主要有兩類：一些連系動詞和一些與具有動作含義的名詞等搭配使用的動詞。When the pressure gets low, the boiling-point becomes low.氣壓低，沸點就低。Delivery must be effected within the time stated on the purchase order.必須在購貨單規(guī)定的時間交貨。二、從修辭角度看（一）英語句子中有些短語重復出現(xiàn)，或者具有相同意義的詞重復出現(xiàn)，英譯漢時可按情況作適當省略。University applicants who had worked at a job would receive preference over those who had not.報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的優(yōu)先錄取。分析：如果不作省略，譯成“報考大學的人，有工作經(jīng)驗的，比沒有工作經(jīng)驗的，優(yōu)先錄取”，就顯得累贅。Neither party shall cancel the contract without sufficient cause or reason.雙方均不得無故解除合同。分析：如果譯成“.沒有原因和理由”的話，就不夠精煉。The late Mr. James had passed to her Maker somewhere about 1930.詹姆士先生升天大約是在1930年。比較：已故的詹姆士先生升天大約是在1930年。（二）根據(jù)漢語習慣，譯文中可以省略一些可有可無的詞。There was still the faith that ordinary men are greater than the powers of nature or the mechanisms of mans hands and will master them all in the end.人們?nèi)匀幌嘈牛胀ǖ娜艘茸匀坏牧α炕蛉祟愒斐鰜淼臋C器更偉大，而且最終會控制它們。分析：這里，The mechanisms of mans hands不必譯為“人類的手造出來的機器”。As it happens, we did not meet there.我們并未在那里碰頭。China is also a country of people with a passionate love of flowers and trees and intense dedication to the welfare of children and to the work ethic.中國人還熱愛鮮花和樹木，專心致志獻身于造福兒童的事業(yè)，并恪守工作道德。比較：中國也是這個一個國家，它的人民For our part, we fully realized that, to avoid the possibility of any further cease-fire violations, the troops must be withdrawn.我們充分認識到，要避免繼續(xù)違反?；鸬目赡?，必須實現(xiàn)撤軍。She curtseyed again, and would have blushed deeper, if she could have blushed deeper than she has blushed all the time.她又行了個屈膝禮，由于她的臉一直漲得通紅，所以現(xiàn)在不可能漲得更紅了。There was no snow, the leaves were gone from the trees, the grass was dead.天未下雪，但葉落草枯。分析：試比較：樹葉從樹上落下來，草也枯死了。前者簡明洗煉。小結1. 省