哈工大英語詞匯提高Chapter 2 Nate the Woodsman.doc

Building Vocabulary Skills Unit 1 Chapter 2 2012級2014年春季學期Unit 1 Chapter 2 Nate the Woodsman Analysis of the Students 教學對象分析授課對象：詞匯提高5班、詞匯提高6班、詞匯提高7班、詞匯提高8班2012級在校本科生先修課程：大學英語(一)、(二)、(三)拓展課(2-1) 學生來源：機電工程學院、法學院、化工學院、經(jīng)濟與管理學院、航天學院、建筑學院、能源科學與工程學院、材料科學與工程學院、理學院、航天學院、大學二年級，大學第四學期學生人數(shù)：102人 Pedagogical Design教學設計Teaching Objectives 1. develop the students ability to acquire new words in different contexts; 2. reinforce the memory of the ten words through the feedback exercises: matching test and three checks;3. gain new insights into various associations and word formations, esp. the ability to use the roots and derivatives . Time Allotment Section 1Warm-up activities5 minutesSection 2Studentsinvolvement activities15 minutesSection 3Explanation and Practice around words in Chapter 2, further development for ROOT / PREFIX / SUFFIX information25 minutesSection 4quiz5 minutesKey Words Chapter 2dialogerraticextensiveforfeitfortifyilluminateisolaterefugereminisceurbanAdditional words 2monologuediagnosisdialect distendeddiversifymodify illustratesolesuburbanurbaneTeaching Procedure1. Warm-up Activity (5 minutes)Task 1 Theme-related video watching:E:mp3 & mp4影視教學版農(nóng)業(yè)林中小屋 The Cabin in the Woods - 官方預告片【電影】（超清）_1104x624_2.00M_h.264.flv Task 2 Theme-related Discussion:It is an in-class discussion. Firstly, the students discuss the woodsman in the video in pair or in small groups; secondly, one student may choose his favorite character or plot in class, lastly, teacher may show his or her own views on the topic. The scene in the video might be related to Nate the Woodsman in Chapter 2, students would show their interest in the chapter they are going to learn.2. Studentsinvolvement activities(15 minutes) The students do multiple choice and translation of sample sentences in turn around 10 words in Chapter 2, at the same time teacher may help them to explain some new words or useful expressions. 3. Interactive Word Study in Context (25minutes)Skills of Vocabulary Learningantonyms in context synonyms in context common sense (general knowledge)cultural information create word power on words from example sentence X collocationrelated forms word formation on roots and affixation phrases and expressions from example sentence synonym discriminationAim: applying the theory of lexicology in class; give the students very clear clues of certain words and their meanings; teach the students how to learn English vocabulary and train them skills of how to memorize the new words.Teaching Steps:(1) perform the activities interactively based on guessing the meaning of the 10 words in context, try to make class lively; (2) apply the theory of lexicology to sense relations in the ten words, T mayexplain and enlarge something important. 1. dialog / dialogue: n. conversation or talk between two or more persons, characters esp. in a play or novel: A pastoral poem, usually in the form of a dialogue between shepherds. 田園詩常以牧羊人之間對話的形式出現(xiàn)。collocation:dialog box（計算機屏幕上供使用者作出選擇的）對話框 syn: conversation, chat, colloquy會談，討論，會議;詞根記憶 origin: dia- GK meaning “between”, log meaning “speech”.dia兩者之間+log說話兩人對話對話詞根 log, loqu=to speak 表示“說話” logic n. 邏輯（學）log+ic說話的學問邏輯（學）logical a. 符合邏輯的monologue n. 獨白（mono一個+logu+e一個人說獨白）獨角戲；長篇大論 He writes dialogue by cutting monologue in two.他把獨白切成兩截來寫對白。 其他例句1. He went into a long monologue. 他一個人滔滔不絕地講話。2. The comedian gave a long monologue of jokes.喜劇演員講了一長段由笑話組成的獨白。3. You rely on your internal monologue (or your gut feeling) for more decisions, and more important decisions你要靠自己的內(nèi)心獨白（或者說，直覺）來做更多，更重要的決定。4. Likewise, while reading, the pronunciation experience improves your internal monologue. 同樣，在閱讀時，發(fā)音技能提高了你的內(nèi)心獨白。5. Social media isnt a monologue, or even a dialogue, but a trialogue. 社會媒體并不是獨白，或簡單對話，它是三方會談。prologue n. 前言，序言（pro前+log+e在前面說的話前言）詞綴dia- 表示“穿過，兩者之間”diagram n. 圖表（dia+gram寫，畫交叉著畫圖表）diameter n. 直徑（dia+meter測量穿過圓心，測量圓對面的線直徑）diagnosis n. 診斷(dia+gnosis 知道穿過皮膚知道診斷) 診斷結(jié)論； 判斷； 結(jié)論The two doctors made different diagnosis of my disease.兩位醫(yī)生對我的病作出了不同的診斷。 其他例句1. His symptoms gave no obvious pointer to a possible diagnosis.他的癥狀無法作出明確的診斷。2. The case defies diagnosis. 這種病癥難以確診。3. The doctor was out in his diagnosis. 醫(yī)生診斷錯了。4. The doctor made his diagnosis after studying the patients symptoms.醫(yī)生研究病人的癥狀后，作出診斷。5. The engineer made a complete diagnosis of the bridges collapse.工程師對橋的倒塌做一次徹底的調(diào)查分析。dialect n. 方言（dia+lect講只在兩個老鄉(xiāng)間講的話方言）方言，土語；語調(diào)The children speak only in the local diaalect.孩子們只會講當?shù)胤窖?。其他例?.Cockney is the colourful dialect spoken in the East End of London.倫敦方言是在倫敦東區(qū)講的頗有特色的地方語。2.He can speak several dialects.他會說好幾種方言。3.He wrote a play in a local dialect.他用當?shù)胤窖詫懥艘粋€劇本。4.Promote materialist dialectics and oppose metaphysics and scholasticism.要提倡唯物辯證法，反對形而上學和煩瑣哲學。 5. An old dialect of German mixed with English is used in church and at home. 上教堂和在家時，他們使用一種混合德語和英語的古老方言。2. erratic: adj. a. inclined to be irregular:不確定，沒有規(guī)律的 The learner-driver steered an erratic course down the road. He made erratic movements with his hands.b. undependably eccentric, odd, queer: He always shows his erratic ideas to his co-workers. related form:erraticism: n. an erratic quality or tendency不確定性 erratically: adv. 不規(guī)律地, 不定地 syn: abnormal, anomalous反常的，不規(guī)則的, capricious變化無常的，任性的,changeable, dicey不確定的，冒險性的, iffy可疑的，不確定的, irregular anto: definite, certain3. extensive: adj.(more , most ) a. large in area or amount: Every year, the company spends extensive expenditures. They had extensive tree plantations in the U.S. b. far-reaching or comprehensive:related form:extensiveness: n. extensively: adv. 詞根記憶 ex出+tens伸展+ive伸展出去的程度很大詞根 tend, tent, tens = to stretch 表示“伸展” tendence n. 趨勢，趨向（tend+ence伸展的狀態(tài)趨勢，趨向）distended a. 膨脹的，腫脹的 (dis分散+tend+ed向各個方向分散伸展膨脹的，腫脹的) The childrens stomachs were distended by malnutrition. 小孩們因營養(yǎng)不良而致腹部膨脹。 v.（使）膨脹，腫脹 Habitual overeating had distended the boys stomach.習慣性的暴食使這男孩的胃擴張了。其他例句1.The abdomen distends. 腹部脹大。2.The balloon was distended.氣球已膨脹。3. One child had a distended belly, like the stomachs of famine victims. 一個孩子腹部腫脹，就像遭遇饑荒的人的腹部一樣。4. The sea distended about us. 我們周圍的海水上漲了。5. The balloon distended to about five inches in length. 氣球膨脹長約5英寸。 intend v. 打算（in使+tend使想法伸展打算）intent n. 意圖intention n. 故意派 extend v. 伸展，延長extension n. 伸展延長extensively adv. 廣泛地，數(shù)量大地syn: a. big, broad b. comprehensive anto: a. small, narrow supplement to word formation:ex- a prefix meaning: a. out of or from: export b. former: ex-wife ex-President syn: spacious, large-scale, vast, wall-to-wall, wideanto: limited, narrow, restricted, short4. forfeit: vt. a. to lose sth or have to give up by ones own act, neglect or fault, lose ones position or life; lose health because of too overwork and so on: (因犯規(guī)、過錯等受罰而)喪失(所有權), (因犯罪等而)失去(職位、生命等)；(因過勞等而)失掉(健康等)： He has forfeited his rights to the money by ignoring the lawyers letters. He forfeited our respect by telling lies about his wife. He forfeited his life by his careless driving. b. to give up willingly:主動放棄 He forfeited the game to his opponent.related form:forfeiture: n. (財產(chǎn)等)沒收；(因犯規(guī)、過錯等而受罰)喪失；(被)放棄 He was deep in debt and faced with forfeiture of his property. forfeit: a. 因受罰而喪失；被沒收的： forfeit to + n. (不置于名稱前) All goods may be forfeit to the state in time of war. 戰(zhàn)爭時期所有的貨物都可能收歸國有。 forfeiter: n. 受(財產(chǎn))沒收處分者，因犯罪而喪失職位的人forfeitable: a. 可沒收的syn: lose, drop, give up, abandon, be deprived of, be stripped of, drop, give over, lose, relinquish放棄，廢除, renounce, sacrificeanto: gain, profit, win5. fortify: vt. a. to prepare (a building, city etc) for an attack by strengthening and arming it: fortify against + n.The king fortified the castle against the attacking armies. b. to enrich with vitamins and minerals ( e.g. food, drink): 增加(食品的)營養(yǎng)價值 fortify with + n.The breakfast cereal is fortified with vitamins. fortified food強化食品，增強食品 c. to strengthen: fortify with + n. fortify against + n. She fortified herself with a good lunch. The farmers in the country fortified themselves against the cold wind.related form:fortifiable adj. 宜于設防的；可使鞏固的fortifier n. 筑城者, 設防者；使(體力)增強的人；強化物；增強劑，謔補劑 fortification n. 筑城， 設堡；筑城學常用復防御工事，堡壘，要塞；(酒精、維生素)含量的增加；增強；強化詞綴記憶 fort 城堡+fy使 使城堡更加堅固加強，增強后綴 -fy,-ify 表動詞，使, 化beautify v. 美化classify v. 分類horrify v. 使恐懼glorify v. 頌揚diversify vt.& vi.使多樣化，多樣化；進入新的商業(yè)領域 As a singer, she began to diversify, performing songs in many languages. 作為一名歌手，她開始用多種語言唱歌，使自己的表現(xiàn)多樣化。 其他例句1.Hills and woods diversify the landscape. 山陵和樹木點綴景色。2.Our company is trying to diversify.我們公司正力圖往多樣化方面發(fā)展。3.Take grain as the key link, develop a diversified economy and ensure an all-round development.以糧為綱，多種經(jīng)營，全面發(fā)展。4.The college biology department has diversified by adding new courses in biotechnology.該學院生物系通過增加生物技術方面的新課程而變得多樣化。 5. We must try to diversify the syllabus to attract more students.我們應該使教學大綱內(nèi)容多樣化。modify v. 修改（mod模式+ify）修改；更改；緩和；修飾 I modified the handlebars on my bike to make it more comfortable. 為了騎起來更舒服，我把我自行車的車把改了一下。其他例句1. Established practices are difficult to modify.既定的慣例是很難更改的。2. In the black catthe adjective black modifies the noun cat.在the black cat這一詞組中，形容詞black修飾名詞cat。3. The heating system has recently been modified to make it more efficient.暖氣設備最近已進行了改造，使其效率得到提高。4. The industrial revolution modified the whole structure of English society.工業(yè)革命變革了英國的整個社會結(jié)構。5. The original text has been modified so radically that it is barely recognizable.原文改動得如此徹底，幾乎面目全非。purify v. 凈化（pur純潔+ify）create word power on 跑： scurry慌張地跑，急匆匆地走 scuttle倉皇逃走，快跑, 急走 jog慢跑 scamper蹦蹦跳跳地跑；驚惶奔跑 sprint快跑 trot急行，小跑 tear飛跑；狂奔；疾馳 dash奔跑 bound跳高跑 總結(jié) run是指用腳迅速移動的一般用詞。race, dash和sprint則是指非?？斓嘏苓^較短的一段距離。jog指的是作為一種運動的慢步跑：She goes jogging every morning. synonyms: strengthen, enrichantonyms: decrease, hurt, injure, weaken6.illuminate: vt. a. to light up: The gardens were illuminated by hundreds of small lamps. A sudden smile illuminated her face b. to decorate with lights, as in celebration: The street is beautifully illuminated during Christmas.c. (formal) to make sth clear or explain sth: He illuminated a statement with many examples. If you dont understand this, I will illuminate it for you. d. to enlighten: We were greatly illuminated by the discussion.那次討論使我們受到了很大的啟發(fā)。 related form: illumination: n.詞根記憶 il加強+lumen光+ate使照亮，照明派 illuminating a. 啟發(fā)的，照明的 unilluminating 無啟發(fā)性的詞根 luc, lust, lumen, lustr =light, to shine 表示“光，照亮”lucent a. 發(fā)亮的translucent a. 半透明的luster n. 光澤，光彩lustrous a. 有光澤的illustrate vt. 闡明 (il進入+lustr+ate進入光明闡明) 給加插圖；（用示例、圖畫等）說明This story illustrates how important the family is in Latin American culture. 這個故事說明了家庭在拉美文化中是多么重要。 其他例句 1. This English textbook is well illustrated.這本英文教科書有精美的插圖。2.He has illustrated this sentiment thoroughly in a drama.他在一出戲劇里充分地表現(xiàn)了這種感情。3. These graphs illustrate the results of the experiment. 這些圖表說明實驗的結(jié)果。4. These figures illustrate the success of the project. 這些數(shù)字說明這項計劃很成功。5.He quoted some old Chinese sayings to illustrate his points.他援用了一些古漢語來解釋他的論點。illustration n. 說明，例證cultural information:Halloween: (also spelled Halloween) is an annual holiday celebrated on October 31. It has roots in the Celtic festival of Samhain and the Christian holyday of All Saints, but is today largely a secular celebration.Halloween activities include trick-or-treating, wearing costumes and attending costume parties, carving jack-o-lanterns, ghost tours, bonfires, apple bobbing, visiting haunted attractions, pranks, telling scary stories, and watching horror films. 萬圣節(jié)前夕每年的11月1日是西方的萬圣節(jié)。10月31日是萬圣節(jié)前夕。通常叫做萬圣節(jié)前夜（萬圣夜）。源自古代凱爾特民族(Celtic)的新年節(jié)慶，此時也是祭祀亡魂的時刻，在避免惡靈干擾的同時，也以食物祭拜祖靈及善靈以祈平安渡過嚴冬，是西方傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。萬圣節(jié)是西方的鬼節(jié)。是西方國家的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日。這一夜是一年中最“鬧鬼”的一夜，所以也叫“鬼節(jié)” 。當晚小孩會穿上化妝服，戴上面具，挨家挨戶收集糖果。節(jié)日主要流行于英語界，如不列顛群島和北美，其次是澳大利亞和新西蘭。每年農(nóng)歷七月十五日，便是中國一年一度的“鬼節(jié)”中元節(jié)，佛教中稱為“盂蘭盆節(jié)” ，是我國三大冥界重要節(jié)日之一。民間有陽間過元宵節(jié)陰間過鬼節(jié)的傳說。中國三大冥界重要節(jié)日三月三、清明節(jié)、七月十五。中國的鬼節(jié)中元節(jié)中國三大鬼節(jié)清明節(jié)、中元節(jié)、寒衣節(jié)三元節(jié)上元節(jié)中元節(jié)下元節(jié)的合稱道教認為產(chǎn)生天地萬物的三個基本元素是天、地、水，即“三元” ，三者稱“官” ，即時空流動過程中的節(jié)段。天官紫微大帝賜福，誕于正月十五，稱上元節(jié)，也就是“元宵節(jié)” 。地官清虛大帝赦罪，誕于七月十五，稱中元節(jié)，又稱“鬼節(jié)” 或“盂蘭盆節(jié)” 。水官洞陰大帝解厄，誕于十月十五，稱下元節(jié)，就是水官解厄旸谷帝君解厄之辰，俗謂是日。我們熟悉的元宵節(jié)即上元節(jié)，或稱上元燈節(jié)。三元節(jié)時，三官下界巡游，履行職務。上元節(jié)正月十五農(nóng)歷正月十五日，是中國的傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日元宵節(jié)。正月為元月，古人稱夜為“宵” ，而十五日又是一年中第一個月圓之夜，所以稱正月十五為元宵節(jié)。又稱為“上元節(jié)” 。中元節(jié)七月十五中元節(jié)，定于農(nóng)歷七月十五日，俗稱七月半。 傳說該日地府放出全部鬼魂，民間普遍進行祭祀鬼魂的活動。凡有新喪的人家，例要上新墳，而一般在地方上都要祭孤魂野鬼，所以，它整個兒是以祀鬼為中心的節(jié)日，系中國民間最大的鬼節(jié)。下元節(jié)十月十五農(nóng)歷十月十五，為中國民間傳統(tǒng)節(jié)日下元節(jié)，亦稱“下元日” 、 “下元” 。下元節(jié)的來歷與道教有關。道家有三官，天官、地官、水官、謂天官賜福，地管赦罪，水官解厄?？偨Y(jié)：正月十五日漢族稱上元佳節(jié)，乃慶元宵，古已有之；七月十五日漢族稱中元節(jié)，祭祀先人；十月十五日漢族稱下元節(jié)，乃食寒食，紀念賢人。 syn: a. light, illumine照亮, 照明；啟發(fā), illume照明，點亮，啟發(fā), brightenb. enlighten, give insightanto: cloud, darken, obscure使.陰暗，隱藏，使.含糊7. isolate: vt. to separate so as to be alone: Several cottages have been isolated by the flood water. A child with an infectious disease should be isolated. They did everything they could to isolate the Black people. related form: isolation: n. isolator: n. 隔離的人,隔音裝置 詞根記憶 i+sol 孤獨的+ate使使孤獨孤立派 isolated a. 隔離的，孤立的 isolation n. 孤立詞源：該詞來源于拉丁語insula（島），島之所以為島，是因為與大陸隔離開來。詞根 sol =alone 表示“單獨”solitary a. 孤獨的（sol+it走+ary一個人走孤獨的）solitude n. 孤獨solo n. 獨奏（唱） sole a. 唯一的；單獨的；專有的，獨占的 The sole purpose of his trip was to attend a concert at Carnegie Hall. 他此行的唯一目的是要參加在卡內(nèi)基音樂廳舉行的音樂會。The sole survivor of the cash was an infant. 這次撞車的唯一幸存者是一個嬰兒。 其他例句1. He was the sole heir to his fathers property. 他是他父親財產(chǎn)的唯一繼承人。2.He held a sole tenancy of a flat.他單獨租用一套房間。3.He is now sole proprietor of the business.他現(xiàn)在一個人擁有這家公司。4. He is the sole importer of this product, and he certainly thinks hes onto awinner.作為該產(chǎn)品唯一的進口商，他當然覺得銷路一定很好。 5. Farming is his sole livelihood. 他唯一的謀生之道就是務農(nóng)。create word power on cabin: cabin boy(船上)男招待，男服務員 cabin class(船)二等艙座 cabin cruiser游艇 syn: seclude隔離，隔絕, segregate, detach使分離，拆卸；， 脫離, set apart anto: include, incorporate合并，組成公司，具體表現(xiàn), integrate整合，使.成整體, join, mingle使混合，使結(jié)合8. refuge: n. a. a shelter or protection from danger , trouble, etc: 避難 The outlaw sought refuge in the church. the harbor of refuge避風港b. a place of safety or security:避難所The climbers sought a refuge from the storm. c. (BrE) safety island: collocation:give refuge to包庇，庇護take refuge in避難到； 逃避到；求助于，以支吾過去refugee: n. 難民 a refugee camp難民營 a political refugee流亡的政治犯詞根記憶 re+fug 逃，離開+e向后跑得遠遠的逃離，避難 派 refugee n. 逃難者fugitive a. 逃亡的，n. 逃亡者syn: a. shelter, harborage停泊處(避難所)9. reminisce: vi. to recall past experiences, events, etc: Old friends like to reminisce about the “good old days”collocation:reminisce about + n.對追憶，回憶，緬懷；敘說往事reminiscent of + n. 使人想起的，使人憶起的某事或物related form: reminiscence: n. reminiscent: n. create word power on wedding: wedding anniversaries結(jié)婚周年紀念日paper wedding紙婚1周年 tin wedding錫婚2周年 crystal wedding水晶婚15周年 china wedding搪瓷婚20周年 silver wedding銀婚25周年 pearl wedding珍珠婚30周年 ruby wedding紅寶石婚40周年 sapphire wedding藍寶石婚45周年 golden wedding金婚50周年 emerald wedding翠玉婚55周年 diamond wedding鉆石婚60-70周年syn: bethink oneself憶起，思考、考慮, call up, remindanto: forget, repress10. urban: adj. a. of, in or comprising cities: The quality of urban living has been damaged by excessive noise levels. b. characteristic of cities: Ant tribes are low-income college graduates who inhabited group lives in the rural-urban continuum.“蟻族” 是生活在城鄉(xiāng)結(jié)合地帶的低收入的大學畢業(yè)生。 collocation:urban homesteading 建筑 城市定居美國城市舊房改造與返遷計劃 urban planning城市城鎮(zhèn)規(guī)劃urban renewal城市更新urban sprawl 城市擴張(指市區(qū)失去控制地向郊區(qū)延伸)related form: urbanise,zevt. 使城市化 urbanism n. 都市生活，都市集中 urbanist n. 城市規(guī)劃專家 urbanite vt. 都市人 urbanization n. 都市化,文雅化 urbanoid n. 具有大城市特點的 urbanologist n. 都市學家urbanology n. 城市學 詞根記憶 urb 城市+an的城市的urban area 城區(qū)，urban life 都市生活派 urbanization n. 都市化suburban a. 郊外的，偏遠的；土氣的；見聞不廣的 So many suburban houses were built last year outside the city.They live in suburban Washington.他們住在華盛頓的郊外。 n.郊區(qū)居民。 其他例句1. In this suburban golf course in Beijing, this kind of irrigation happens every day. 在北京郊區(qū)的這個高爾夫球場，這樣的灌溉每天都在進行著。2. The reddish colour of suburban water by no means suggests unsanitary conditions. 郊區(qū)的水呈現(xiàn)紅色無疑說明了存在不衛(wèi)生的情況。 3. I grew up on the suburban streets of Denmark .我在丹麥一個郊區(qū)的街道上長大。4. I dont like the suburban gentility.我不喜歡這種無聊呆板的紳士風度。5. His clothes are conservative and suburban. 他衣著保守而傳統(tǒng)。詞根 urb =city 表示“城市” exurban a. 城市遠郊的inurbane a. 粗野的suburb n. 郊區(qū)urbane a. 文雅的，有禮貌的 He was reticent, patrician, bookish, urbane. 他沉默含蓄, 雍容華貴, 書生氣十足,而又溫文有禮。 其他例句1. He tried hard to be urbane.他極力作出彬彬有禮的神態(tài)。2. Despite the crisis, the chairmans voice was urbane as usual. 盡管處于危機之中, 董事長的聲音還象通常一樣溫文爾雅。3. He was urbane, courtly and honorable.他文質(zhì)彬彬 、 謙恭有禮、正直體面。4. The novel is a searing indictment of urban poverty. 這部小