高一英語必修一定語從句總結(jié).doc_第1頁
高一英語必修一定語從句總結(jié).doc_第2頁
高一英語必修一定語從句總結(jié).doc_第3頁
高一英語必修一定語從句總結(jié).doc_第4頁
高一英語必修一定語從句總結(jié).doc_第5頁
已閱讀5頁,還剩7頁未讀, 繼續(xù)免費(fèi)閱讀

下載本文檔

版權(quán)說明:本文檔由用戶提供并上傳,收益歸屬內(nèi)容提供方,若內(nèi)容存在侵權(quán),請進(jìn)行舉報(bào)或認(rèn)領(lǐng)

文檔簡介

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò),僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流,如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除定語從句一、三個概念1.定語從句:用來修飾某個名詞、代詞或整個句子的從句就叫做定語從句。2.先行詞:定語從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞,它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當(dāng)。3.關(guān)系詞:引導(dǎo)定語從句的詞就叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞用以連接先行詞與定語從句,關(guān)系詞既有替代先行詞的作用,又在從句中充當(dāng)著一個成分。例:The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 先行詞 定語從句關(guān)系詞二、要點(diǎn)1.先行詞與定語從句之間要有關(guān)系詞(有時可省略)2.關(guān)系代詞應(yīng)緊跟在先行詞之后3.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)某一成分三、關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系代詞: who/whom/that/which/whose 1.先行詞是人時,關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that.(1) who/that表主格: The girl who /that is drawing is Jims sister. The man who/that lives next door is friendly.(2) whom/that表賓格(who可用于口語中)可省略:The boy (whom/that) we talked about will come.He is the man (whom/that) we saw yesterday.2.先行詞為物時,關(guān)系代詞用which/that.(1) which/that表主格:A plane is a machine which / that can fly.Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.(2) which/that表賓格,可省略:The car (which /that) he bought was a second-hand one.The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful.3.whose:表所有格,先行詞既可以是人,也可以是物The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.關(guān)系副詞:when/where/why關(guān)系副詞可替代的先行詞是時間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞,在從句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)1. when: 指時間,其先行詞表示時間,在句中作時間狀語。例:This was the time when he arrived. I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.2. where指地點(diǎn),其先行詞表示地點(diǎn),在句中作地點(diǎn)狀語。例:This is the factory where he works. Nanjing is the place where I was born.3. why 指原因,其先行詞是原因,起原因狀語作用。例:Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?注意:關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, 的含義相當(dāng)于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu),因此常常和“介詞+which“結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例:I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?【why】四、關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法只用that 的情況1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾,或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:He was the first person that passed the exam. 2.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything, none, the one等不定代詞時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop? 3.先行詞被the only, the very, the same, the last, little, few 等詞修飾時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:This is the same bike that I lost.4.先行詞里同時含有人或物時,只能用that,而不用which.例如:I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5.以who或which引導(dǎo)的特殊疑問句,為避免重復(fù),只能用that.例如:Who is the girl that is crying? 6.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu),修飾主語的定語從句用that,而不用which.例如:There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.7.先行詞在主句和從句中都作表語時,只能用that.例如:He is not the man that he once was.8.先行詞是the way時,只用that不用that 的情況1.先行詞為that, those時,用which,而不用that.例如:Whats that which is under the desk?2.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時,一般用which,而不用that.例如:This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。3.引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,用which,而不用that.例如:Tom came back, which made us happy.五、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一: 用關(guān)系代詞,還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語,就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞;而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如: This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永遠(yuǎn)不會忘記與你共事的日子。 判斷改錯: (錯) This is the mountain village where I visited last year. (錯) I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. (對) This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. (對) Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside. 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二: 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分(主、謂、賓、定、狀),也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 答案:例1 D,例2 A。例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中,所缺部分為賓語,而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用,只有the one既做了主句的表語,又可做從句的賓語,可以省略關(guān)系代詞,所以應(yīng)選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全,從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn),既可用副詞where,又因 in the museum詞組,可用介詞in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中,介詞on 用的不對,所以選A。 關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分,先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時,選擇關(guān)系代詞(who, whom, that, which, whose); 先行詞在從句中做狀語時,應(yīng)選擇關(guān)系副詞 ( where 地點(diǎn)狀語,when 時間狀語,why 原因狀語)。非限制性定語從句非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進(jìn)一步說明,通常是引導(dǎo)詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開,將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定語從句不能被省略,否則句意就不完整。1.which引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分 2.當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時,其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的,例如:Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.3.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞,對其進(jìn)行修飾,這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù),例如:He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.4.有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞5.在非限定性定語從句中,不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that,而用who, whom代表人,用which, whose代表事物。as, which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句1.由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句,as和which可代整個主句,相當(dāng)于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.2.as 和which在引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句時,這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達(dá)的整個意思,且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點(diǎn):(1)as 引導(dǎo)的定語從句可置于句首,而which不可。(2)as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時,從句中的謂語必須是系動詞;若為行為動詞,則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。(3) 當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時,常用which。Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.(4) as 的用法例the same as;suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句,常帶有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語;例2中,它充當(dāng)從句的主語,謂語動詞know要用被動式。定語從句的難點(diǎn)1.限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況2.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是:(1) As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語,代表前面整個句子。He married her, as/which was natural.He was honest, as/which we can see.(2) as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語從句,可放在主句之前,或者主句之后,甚至可以切割一個主句;which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外,as有“正如,正像”的意思As is known to all, China is a developing country.He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意:當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時,常用which。Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.(3) 當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時,常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.注意:當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時,偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語從句,但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語從句意思不同She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 注意:定語從句suchas 與結(jié)果狀語從句such that的區(qū)別:as在所引導(dǎo)的定語從句中作主語,賓語;that在結(jié)果狀語從句中不做成分He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.He has such a good laptop that I want to by one.3.以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo),而且通??梢允÷?。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.4. but有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語從句There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who dont )5. 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句(1)定語從句修飾先行詞,它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系;同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容,是補(bǔ)

溫馨提示

  • 1. 本站所有資源如無特殊說明,都需要本地電腦安裝OFFICE2007和PDF閱讀器。圖紙軟件為CAD,CAXA,PROE,UG,SolidWorks等.壓縮文件請下載最新的WinRAR軟件解壓。
  • 2. 本站的文檔不包含任何第三方提供的附件圖紙等,如果需要附件,請聯(lián)系上傳者。文件的所有權(quán)益歸上傳用戶所有。
  • 3. 本站RAR壓縮包中若帶圖紙,網(wǎng)頁內(nèi)容里面會有圖紙預(yù)覽,若沒有圖紙預(yù)覽就沒有圖紙。
  • 4. 未經(jīng)權(quán)益所有人同意不得將文件中的內(nèi)容挪作商業(yè)或盈利用途。
  • 5. 人人文庫網(wǎng)僅提供信息存儲空間,僅對用戶上傳內(nèi)容的表現(xiàn)方式做保護(hù)處理,對用戶上傳分享的文檔內(nèi)容本身不做任何修改或編輯,并不能對任何下載內(nèi)容負(fù)責(zé)。
  • 6. 下載文件中如有侵權(quán)或不適當(dāng)內(nèi)容,請與我們聯(lián)系,我們立即糾正。
  • 7. 本站不保證下載資源的準(zhǔn)確性、安全性和完整性, 同時也不承擔(dān)用戶因使用這些下載資源對自己和他人造成任何形式的傷害或損失。

評論

0/150

提交評論