高一英語必修一定語從句總結(jié).doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡，僅供學習與交流，如有侵權(quán)請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除定語從句一、三個概念1.定語從句：用來修飾某個名詞、代詞或整個句子的從句就叫做定語從句。2.先行詞：定語從句所修飾的詞就叫做先行詞，它一般是由名詞、代詞或句子充當。3.關(guān)系詞：引導定語從句的詞就叫做關(guān)系詞。關(guān)系詞用以連接先行詞與定語從句，關(guān)系詞既有替代先行詞的作用，又在從句中充當著一個成分。例：The boy who is singing at the stage is only nine years old. 先行詞 關(guān)系詞 定語從句Anyone that is willing to help others is welcome to our group. 先行詞 定語從句關(guān)系詞二、要點1.先行詞與定語從句之間要有關(guān)系詞（有時可省略）2.關(guān)系代詞應緊跟在先行詞之后3.關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當某一成分三、關(guān)系詞的用法關(guān)系代詞: who/whom/that/which/whose 1.先行詞是人時，關(guān)系代詞用who/whom/that.(1) who/that表主格: The girl who /that is drawing is Jims sister. The man who/that lives next door is friendly.(2) whom/that表賓格(who可用于口語中)可省略:The boy (whom/that) we talked about will come.He is the man (whom/that) we saw yesterday.2.先行詞為物時，關(guān)系代詞用which/that.(1) which/that表主格:A plane is a machine which / that can fly.Mary likes music which/that is quiet and gentle.(2) which/that表賓格,可省略:The car (which /that) he bought was a second-hand one.The film (which/that) we saw last night was wonderful.3.whose：表所有格，先行詞既可以是人，也可以是物The worker whose arm was broken was sent to hospital.The river whose banks are covered with trees is very long.關(guān)系副詞：when/where/why關(guān)系副詞可替代的先行詞是時間、地點或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語關(guān)系副詞=介詞+關(guān)系代詞why=for whichwhere=in/ at/ on/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)when=during/ on/ in/ . which (介詞同先行詞搭配)1. when: 指時間，其先行詞表示時間，在句中作時間狀語。例：This was the time when he arrived. I will never forget the day when I met my favorite star.2. where指地點，其先行詞表示地點，在句中作地點狀語。例：This is the factory where he works. Nanjing is the place where I was born.3. why 指原因，其先行詞是原因，起原因狀語作用。例：Nobody knows the reason why he is often late for school.Is this the reason why he refused our offer?注意：關(guān)系副詞when, where, why, 的含義相當于“介詞+which”結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和“介詞+which“結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用。例：I will never forget the day on which I met my favorite star.【when】Nanjing is the place in which I was born.【where】Is this the reason for which he refused our offer?【why】四、關(guān)系代詞that的特殊用法只用that 的情況1.先行詞被序數(shù)詞或形容詞最高級所修飾，或本身是序數(shù)詞、基數(shù)詞、形容詞最高級時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：He was the first person that passed the exam. 2.被修飾的先行詞為all, any, much, many, everything, anything， none， the one等不定代詞時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop？ 3.先行詞被the only， the very， the same， the last， little， few 等詞修飾時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：This is the same bike that I lost.4.先行詞里同時含有人或物時，只能用that，而不用which.例如：I can remember well the persons and some pictures that I saw in the room. 5.以who或which引導的特殊疑問句，為避免重復，只能用that.例如：Who is the girl that is crying？ 6.主句是there be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾主語的定語從句用that，而不用which.例如：There is a book on the desk that belongs to Tom.7.先行詞在主句和從句中都作表語時，只能用that.例如：He is not the man that he once was.8.先行詞是the way時，只用that不用that 的情況1.先行詞為that, those時，用which，而不用that.例如：Whats that which is under the desk？2.關(guān)系代詞前有介詞時，一般用which，而不用that.例如：This is the room in which he lives. 這是他居住的房間。3.引導非限制性定語從句，用which，而不用that.例如：Tom came back, which made us happy.五、判斷關(guān)系代詞與關(guān)系副詞方法一： 用關(guān)系代詞，還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動詞。及物動詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. 這是我去年呆過的山村。 Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 我永遠不會忘記與你共事的日子。 判斷改錯： （錯） This is the mountain village where I visited last year. （錯） I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside. （對） This is the mountain village （which） I visited last year. （對） Ill never forget the days （which） I spent in the countryside. 習慣上總把表地點或時間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 方法二： 準確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分（主、謂、賓、定、狀），也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞/關(guān)系副詞。 例1. Is this museum _ you visited a few days ago? A. whereB. that C. on which D. the one 例2. Is this the museum _ the exhibition was held. A. whereB. that C. on whichD. the one 答案：例1 D，例2 A。例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is _ you visited a few days ago. 例2變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This is the museum _ the exhibition was held. 在句1中，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應選D。 而句2中, 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞in + which 引導地點狀語。而此題中，介詞on 用的不對，所以選A。 關(guān)系詞的選擇依據(jù)在從句中所做的成分，先行詞在從句中做主、定、賓語時，選擇關(guān)系代詞（who, whom, that, which, whose）； 先行詞在從句中做狀語時，應選擇關(guān)系副詞 （ where 地點狀語，when 時間狀語，why 原因狀語）。非限制性定語從句非限定性定語從句的作用是對所修飾的成分作進一步說明，通常是引導詞和先行詞之間用逗號隔開，將從句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。但是限制性定語從句不能被省略，否則句意就不完整。1.which引導的非限定性定語從句來說明前面整個句子的情況或主句的某一部分 2.當先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的，例如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.3.非限制性定語從句還能將整個主句作為先行詞，對其進行修飾，這時從句謂語動詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)，例如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.4.有時as也可用作關(guān)系代詞5.在非限定性定語從句中，不能用關(guān)系副詞why和關(guān)系代詞that，而用who, whom代表人，用which, whose代表事物。as, which引導的非限制性定語從句1.由as, which 引導的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個主句，相當于and this或and that。As一般放在句首，which在句中。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.2.as 和which在引導非限制性定語從句時，這兩個關(guān)系代詞都指主句所表達的整個意思，且在定語從句中都可以作主語和賓語。但不同之處主要有兩點：(1）as 引導的定語從句可置于句首，而which不可。(2）as 代表前面的整個主句并在從句中作主語時，從句中的謂語必須是系動詞；若為行為動詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。(3) 當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which。Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.(4) as 的用法例the same as；suchas 中的as 是一種固定結(jié)構(gòu), 和一樣。I have got into the same trouble as he (has).例2. as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有正如。As we know, smoking is harmful to ones health.As is known, smoking is harmful to ones health.As是關(guān)系代詞。例1中的as作know的賓語；例2中，它充當從句的主語，謂語動詞know要用被動式。定語從句的難點1.限制性定語從句只能用that的幾種情況2.關(guān)系代詞as和which引導的定語從句as和which引導非限制性定語從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是：(1) As和which都可以在定語從句中做主語或者賓語，代表前面整個句子。He married her, as/which was natural.He was honest, as/which we can see.(2) as 引導非限制性定語從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個主句；which引導的非限制性定語從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思As is known to all, China is a developing country.He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe.注意：當主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時，常用which。Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry.(3) 當先行詞受such, the same修飾時，常用asI have never heard such a story as he tells.注意：當先行詞由the same修飾時，偶爾也用that引導定語從句，但是和由as所引導的定語從句意思不同She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 注意：定語從句suchas 與結(jié)果狀語從句such that的區(qū)別：as在所引導的定語從句中作主語，賓語；that在結(jié)果狀語從句中不做成分He has such a good laptop as I want to buy.He has such a good laptop that I want to by one.3.以the way為先行詞的定語從句通常由in which, that引導，而且通常可以省略。The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising.4. but有時也可以做關(guān)系詞引導定語從句There are very few but understand his idea. (but= who dont )5. 區(qū)分定語從句和同位語從句(1)定語從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系；同位語從句說明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補