英語(yǔ)9種時(shí)態(tài)對(duì)比.docx

一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)一般過去時(shí)基本用法1、表示現(xiàn)在經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài),以及能力愛好。2、表示客觀真理、科學(xué)事實(shí) 、格言或警句和習(xí)慣用語(yǔ)中。 1、表示過去經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作。2、表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。謂語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+am/is are+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形/三單1.主語(yǔ)+was/were+表語(yǔ)2.主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞的過去式否定句主語(yǔ)+am/is are+not+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+do/does +not+動(dòng)詞原形主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+表語(yǔ)主語(yǔ)+did+not+動(dòng)詞原形疑問句am/is are+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)do/does +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形was/were+主語(yǔ)+表語(yǔ)did +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞原形特征詞always, usually, often, sometimes, at times, every day, on Sundays, now and then, seldomyesterday, last Sunday morning, last week, last year, just now, the other day, once upon a time, an hour ago, in 1982例句1.He likes living in the country.2.The earth runs around the sun. 3.The teacher told us that the earth is round.1.We often played together when we were children.2.He bought the computer five years ago. 3.It was then a small fishing village.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)過去進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法1、表示說(shuō)話人在說(shuō)話時(shí)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。2、表示當(dāng)前一段時(shí)間內(nèi)的活動(dòng)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作.（說(shuō)話時(shí)這個(gè)動(dòng)作并不一定正在進(jìn)行。）表示過去某一時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。謂語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+doing主語(yǔ)+was/were+doing疑問 否定變疑問往前提，變否定加not變疑問往前提，變否定加not特征詞now,listen!,look!,these daysthen, at that time, this time yesterday, at 10:00 last Sunday night , all day, from nine to ten last evening，when, while例句1.Were having a meeting. 2.We are working on the farm these days. 3.Im writing a book this month.1.He was playing while I was studying.2.I was doing my homework this time yesterday.一般將來(lái)時(shí)過去將來(lái)時(shí)基本用法表示將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài).從過去看將來(lái)要發(fā)生的事(過去的將來(lái))謂語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are going to do主語(yǔ)+will do (第一人稱也可用shall)主語(yǔ)+am/is/are+to do主語(yǔ)+was/were going to do主語(yǔ)+would do主語(yǔ)+was/were+to do疑問 否定變疑問往前提，變否定加not變疑問往前提，變否定加not特征詞next Sunday morning, next month, next time next week, tomorrow, tomorrow afternoon , in a few days , in a month, soon常用于主句為過去時(shí)的賓語(yǔ)從句中 the next/following day/ week/month例句1.We shall have a lot of rain next month.2.Look at the dark clouds. Its going to rain. 3.Im going to wash the car if I have time.4.I think we are to meet again many years later.5.Are we to hand in the papers at 10:30?1.They said the railway was to be opened to traffic on May Day2.We were about to go out when it began to rain3.He said he would come to see you when he had time現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)過去完成時(shí)基本用法1、表示過去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在產(chǎn)生的影響或結(jié)果，或說(shuō)話時(shí)已完成的動(dòng)作。2、表示從過去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在,也許還會(huì)持續(xù)下去的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。（延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞）過去完成時(shí)表示過去某一時(shí)刻或者某一動(dòng)作之前完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，即“過去的過去” 謂語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+have/has+動(dòng)詞過去分詞主語(yǔ)+had+動(dòng)詞過去分詞疑問 否定變疑問往前提，變否定加not變疑問往前提，變否定加not特征詞1.already,yet,ever,never,just,before, recently= lately; 2.for+一段時(shí)間, since+點(diǎn)時(shí)間/具體時(shí)間, since two years ago, up to now = so far = by now = till now , in the last/ past few years, in recent yearsbefore, by, when, by the end of last例句1.I have finished the report.2. She has cleaned the room. 3.I have kept the library book for 2 weeks. (borrow) 4.Great changes have taken place in our hometown since we left here. 5.It is/has been two years since I graduated. 1.By the end of last year we had built five new houses.2.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.3.Before he slept, he had worked for 12 hours.現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)基本用法表示現(xiàn)在以前一段時(shí)間里一直在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作,這一動(dòng)作仍在進(jìn)行。謂語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)主語(yǔ)+have/has been +動(dòng)詞ing疑問 否定變疑問往前提，變否定加not變疑問往前提，變否定加not特征詞強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的持續(xù)性例句1.He has been doing the maths problems since 8:00.2. It has been raining for two days.時(shí)態(tài)的特殊用法1、主句是一般將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)從句須用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表一般將來(lái)時(shí)(即主將從現(xiàn))；主句是過去將來(lái)時(shí),時(shí)間、條件、讓步、方式狀語(yǔ)從句須用一般過去時(shí)表過去將來(lái)時(shí)。（1）Ill write to her when I have time. （2）If we hurry up, we can catch the bus. （3）Whatever you say, I wont pay. （4）Next time Ill do as he says.（5）Father told me that he would buy me a computer if he made enough money.2、主句是將來(lái)完成時(shí),從句有by the time 所引導(dǎo)的從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)；主句是過去完成時(shí),從句有by the time、before 所引導(dǎo)的從句用一般過去時(shí)。（1）By the time he comes, Ill have left. （2）By the time he came, I had left. （3）The train had left before we reached the station.3、by, by the end of后接表將來(lái)某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)用將來(lái)完成時(shí)；后接表過去某一時(shí)間的短語(yǔ)用過去將來(lái)時(shí)。（1）By the end of last year, we had produced 20,000 cars. （2）By 8:00 a.m. yesterday, we had arrived at the park.（3）By this time next year,I will have graduated from high school.4、在時(shí)間或條件狀語(yǔ)從句中，現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)可代替一般將來(lái)時(shí)，表示將來(lái)某時(shí)完成的動(dòng)作。（1）Ill go to your home when I have finished my homework.（2）If you have done the experiment, you will realize the theory better.5、gocomeleavestart arrive等位置移動(dòng)動(dòng)詞，可以用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)表一般將來(lái)時(shí)；可以用過去進(jìn)行時(shí)表過去將來(lái)時(shí)。(1) Im leaving tomorrow. （3）Mr. Green was flying to Guangzhou the next week. （2）They are getting married next week. （4）I didnt know when they were coming again6、位移動(dòng)詞如come、go、leave、arrive、fly、start等以here, there開頭的句子里，常用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)代替將來(lái)時(shí)。（1）There goes the bell. （2）Here she comes. 7、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)或過去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與頻度副詞always連用，表示說(shuō)話者表?yè)P(yáng)、厭煩等感情色彩。（1）He is always helping others. （2）He was always thinking of others, never thinking of himself. 8、用于“the比較級(jí),the比較級(jí)”中,前一個(gè)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái),后一個(gè)用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)或用一般將來(lái)時(shí)。 The more you eat, the fatter you (will) become. “越越”9、表示過去經(jīng)常發(fā)生的動(dòng)作也可用 “used to”或 “would+動(dòng)詞原形” 代替。used to + do：“過去常?！北硎具^去習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，但現(xiàn)在不再發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。would do: 表過去常干某事，但不強(qiáng)調(diào)現(xiàn)在不干。（1） He used to visit his mother once a week. （2）The old man would sit on a bench in the quiet park . 10、用于think, believe, suppose, plan, expect等心理活動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞，表示說(shuō)話人原來(lái)沒有料到、想到或希望的事，現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)中通常用過去式，所表達(dá)的含義往往與客觀事實(shí)相反，意為“原想”，“本以為”“本計(jì)劃”“本期望”等; 過去時(shí)態(tài)中通常用過去完成時(shí)，所表達(dá)的含義往往與客觀事實(shí)相反，意為“原想”，“本以為”“本計(jì)劃”“本期望”等。（1）We never thought a team of girls could beat us. This is the most unlucky day of my life.我們本以為女隊(duì)絕不可能打敗我們，這是我一生中最不幸的日子。（2）I believed he would not come to see me again. 我本以為他再也不會(huì)來(lái)看我了。（3）I had meant to come, but something happened.11、since后跟從句，表示自從，since后用一般過去時(shí)，主句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)。 （1）He has been in hospital since he became ill. （2）Its 3 years since my brother joined the Party.12、用進(jìn)行時(shí)表示漸變的動(dòng)詞有：get, grow, become, turn, run, go等。 Its getting warmer and warmer.13、It + be + 一段時(shí)間 + before 從句。這個(gè)句式分兩種情況：如果主句用將來(lái)時(shí)，則從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)表將來(lái)時(shí)。意為“多長(zhǎng)以后將會(huì)發(fā)生某事”如果主句用過去時(shí)，從句也用過去時(shí)。意為“多長(zhǎng)后發(fā)生了某事?！保?） It wont be long before he succeeds. ( = He will succeed soon.)（2）It was ten years before they met again. ( = They met again ten years later. )14、“have been to 地點(diǎn)”與“have gone to地點(diǎn)”的區(qū)別： have / has been (t