Book3Unit1的單詞全英文講解.doc

Book3Unit11.take place 發(fā)生The next meeting will take place on Thursday. Talks between the two sides are still taking place.Major changes are taking place in society.Occur happen come about break outHe took second place in the long jump. If you would like to take your places, the food will be served shortly.take the place of somebody/somethingalsotake somebodys/somethings place(possession)= replace under/in ones charge in the charge of sbNatural methods of pest control are now taking the place of chemicals. I had to find someone to take Jennys place.2.beauty n.美;美人1）appearance uncountablea quality that people, places, or things have that makes them very attractive to look at: her beauty and grace an area of outstanding natural beauty2）woman countablea woman who is very beautiful: She was considered a great beauty in her youth.3）poem/music/emotion etc uncountablea quality that something such as a poem, song, emotion etc has, which gives you pleasure or joy the beauty of Shakespeares verse4）advantage the beauty of somethinga particularly good quality that makes something especially suitable or useful:The beauty of e-mail is its speed and ease of use.beauty is in the eye of the beholderused to say that different people have different opinions about what is beautifulbeauty contest beauty queen beauty mark/spot3harvest n.vt.vi.收獲;收割vt. Vi. to gather crops from the fields1） uncountable and countable the time when crops are gathered from the fields, or the act of gathering themat harvest/at harvest time wheat/rice/grape etc harvest2） countablethe crops that have been gathered, or the amount and quality of the crops gatheredgood/bumper harvest (=a lot of crops) Plum growers are expecting a bumper harvest this year.poor/bad harvest (=few crops)3） reap a harvestto get good or bad results from your actions: You reap what you sowThe company is now reaping the harvest of careful planning. Harvest festival (thanksgiving day)4.celebration n.慶祝;祝賀celebrate Christmas/Thanksgiving1） countablean occasion or party when you celebrate something anniversary/birthday etc celebrations2） singular, uncountablethe act of celebrating in celebration of somethinga reception in celebration of the Funds 70th Anniversary The show is a celebration of new young talent.I think this is acause for celebration (=reason to celebrate).in charge of in search of In honor of in memory of in need ofIn place of in praise of in the hope of in favor ofIn case of in view of in support ofIn exchange for in return for in reward for in preparation forif something is done or made in memory of someone, it is done to remember them and remind other people of them after they have died: a statue in memory of those who died in the warShe set up a charitable fund in her fathers memory.have a good/excellent/ bad/poor/terrible etc memory for nameslose your memory remain/stay in your memory bring back memories5.hunter n.狩獵者;獵人 bargain hunter6.starve vi.vt.使餓死;餓得要死1） intransitiveto suffer or die because you do not have enough to eat:Thousands of people will starve if food doesnt reach the city. pictures of starving childrenTheyll either die from the cold orstarve to death (=die from lack of food).be starved to death2） transitiveto prevent someone from having enough food to live: The poor dog looked like it had been starved.3） be starvingalsobe starved American Englishto be very hungry:You must be starving! starve somebody/something of something phrasal verbto not give something that is needed: The schools are starved of funding.The poor kid is just starved for attention. hungry for(eager thirsty dying)She is hungry for success. hungry to do somethingStan was hungry to learn. people dying of starvation uncountable starvation wagesextremely low wages7.origin n.起源;由來;起因1）alsoorigins pluralthe place or situation in which something begins to exista new theory to explain the origins of the universein origin Most coughs are viral in origin. The word is French in origin.The traditionhasitsorigins inthe Middle Ages. old folk talesof unknown origincountry/place of origin (=where something came from)All meat should be clearly labelled with its country of origin.2）alsoorigins pluralthe country, race, or type of family which someone comes fromof French/German/Asian etc origin Two thirds of the pupils are of Asian origin.The form asks for information about the personsethnic origin. Immigrants rarely return to theircountry of origin.She never forgot her humble origins (=low class or social position).Source a thing, place, activity etc that you get something from: They get their money from various sources.a useful source of information Beans are a very good source of protein.For me, music is a great source of enjoyment. the countrys main source of income energy/food/light sourceoriginal1）first only before nounexisting or happening first, before other people or things:The land was returned to its original owner.The kitchen still has many original features (=parts that were there when the house was first built).the original meaning of the word The original plan was to fly out to New York.2）newcompletely new and different from anything that anyone has thought of before:I dont think George is capable of having original ideas! A highly originaldesign3）a work of art only before nounan original work of art is the one that was made by the artist and is not a copy:The original painting is now in the National Gallery in London.8.religious adj.宗教上的;信奉宗教的;虔誠(chéng)的 Christianity Christian religion1）relating to religion in general or to a particular religion: I dont share her religious beliefs.a religious school the dates of major religious observances such as Easter or Christmas2） believing strongly in your religion and obeying its rules carefully:A deeply religious person9.*seasonal adj.季節(jié)的；季節(jié)性的 Seasonal rains seasonal workers/employment etcseasonal jobs in the tourist industry10.ancestor n.祖先；祖宗 descendant forefather My ancestors were French.Lions and house cats evolved froma common ancestor (=the same ancestor).Babbages invention was the ancestor of the modern computer.11.Obon n.墳?zāi)?；墓地Obon is one of the most important Japanese traditions. People believe that their ancestors spirits come back to their homes to be reunited with their family during Obon and pray for the spirits. For the reason, Obon is an important family gathering time, and many people return to their hometowns.Japanese people clean their houses and place a variety of food offerings such as vegetables and fruits to the spirits of ancestors in front of a butsudan (Buddhist altar). Chochin lanterns and arrangements of flower are usually placed by the butsudan.floating lanterns) is a tradition often observed during Obon. People send off their ancestors spirits with the lanterns, lit by a candle inside and floated down a river to the ocean.12.grave n.熏香；熏香的煙the place in the ground where a dead body is buried tomb:At the head of the grave there was a small wooden cross.13.Mexico n.墨西哥（拉丁美洲的國(guó)家）Mexican14.feast n.節(jié)日；盛宴 a wedding feast The king promised to hold a greatfeast for all his people.Next weeks film festival should be a real feast for cinema-goers. The play is also a visual feast.A feast for the eyes15.*skull n.頭腦；頭骨 Skull and crossbones1） a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used in past times on the flags of pirate ships2） a picture of a human skull with two bones crossed below it, used on containers to show that what is inside is poison or very dangerous Skull cap beanie16.bone n.骨；骨頭 skin and bonevery thin: She was all skin and bone.on the bonemeat that is served on the bone is still joined to the bone:a boiled ham on the bone off the bonemeat that is served off the bone has been cut away from the bone:roasted duck, off the bone bone china17.*Halloween n.萬圣節(jié)前夕；諸圣節(jié)前夕the night of October 31st, which is now celebrated by children, who dress incostumesand go from house to house asking for sweets, especially in the US and Canada. In the past, people believed the souls of dead people appeared on Halloween.October 31 st was the eve of the Celtic（凱爾特人的）new year. The Celts were the ancestors of the present-day Irish, Welsh and Scottish people. On this day ghosts walked and mingled with the living, or so the Celts thought. The townspeople baked food all that day and when night fell they dressed up and tried to resemble the souls of the dead. Hoping that the ghosts would leave peacefully before midnight of the new year.18.belief n.信任；信心；信任 a strong beliefin Godhis passionate belief that technology is a tool to be used with imaginationIt is my belief that we will find a cure for cancer in the next ten years.Thieves broke into the building in the mistaken belief that there was expensive computer equipment inside.It is a widely held belief that violent crime is increasing.Contrary to popular belief, eating carrots does not improve your eyesight. What she did was stupid beyond belief.It is believed that the house was built in 1735. be believed to be somethingAt 115, Mrs Jackson is believed to be the oldest person in the country.The four men are widely believed (=believed by a lot of people)to have been killed by their captors.I firmly believethat the business will be a success.19dress up 盛裝；打扮；裝飾1） to wear special clothes for fun, or to put special clothes on someoneHe went to the party dressed up as a Chicago gangster. I keep a box of old clothes for the children to dress up in.dress somebody up We dressed him up as a gorilla.2）to wear clothes that are more formal than the ones you would usually wear:Its a small informal party - you dont have to dress up.Aunt Margaret told her to dress herself in her nicest dress. I dress the kids before I go to work.Ive got to go home to dress. How do you normally dress for work?We usually dress for dinner (=wear formal clothes for our evening meal).Get/be dressed in dress my kid in his best shirtwound/cut transitiveto clean, treat, and cover a wound dress the wound hair dresser20.trick n.詭計(jì)；惡作劇；竅門；欺騙；詐騙 play a trick on 搞惡作?。辉p騙；開玩笑At first he thought someone was coming towards him, but it was justa trick of the light.My uncle was always showing mecard trickswhen I was a kid. a magic tricka salesman who knew all the tricks of the trade (=clever methods used in a particular job)play a joke/trick/prank on somebodyto do something to someone as a joke or trickmake jokes about make fun of crack a joke21.poet n.詩人 poem poetry uncountablepoems in generalColumbus Day 哥倫布日a US public holiday held on October 12th to honour Christopher Columbus 22.arrival n.到來；到達(dá)；到達(dá)者1 ）uncountable and countablewhen someone or something arrives somewhere departure:Only the timely arrival of the police prevented the situation from becoming worse.Traffic problems account for one third of late arrivals. Shortly after our arrival in London, Lisa was attacked.on arrival A deposit is payable on arrival (=when you arrive).2） the arrival of somethinga) the time when a new idea, product etc is first used or discovered:The demand for phone numbers has increased since the arrival of mobile phones.b) the time when an event or period of time starts to happen: The arrival of winter can make many people feel depressed.3） countablesomeone who has just arrived in a place: New arrivals were greeted with suspicion.Late arrivals will not be admitted to the theatre.4） new arrivala baby who has just been born23*Christopher Columbus 克里斯托弗 哥倫布（意大利航海家）an Italian sailor and explorerwho many people think of as the first European to discover America, in 1492. He arrived in America by accident when he was trying to find a new way to Asia by sailing west from Spain.Most people now think that the first discovery of America by Europeans was about 500 years earlier, by the Norwegian Leif Ericsson24.gain vt.獲得；得到1）get something transitiveto obtain or achieve something you want or needgain control/power Radical left-wing parties gained control of local authorities.After gaining independence in 1957, it was renamed Ghana. gain a degree/qualification etc2）get gradually intransitive and transitiveto gradually get more and more of a quality, feeling etc, especially a useful or valuable one: She hasgained areputation as a good communicator.Many of his ideas have gained popularsupport. an opportunity togain experiencein a work environmentThe youngsters gradually gain confidence in their abilities.3)advantage intransitive and transitiveto get an advantage from a situation, opportunity, or eventgain (something) from (doing) somethingThere is much to be gained from seeking expert advice early.Theres nothing to be gained (=it will not help you)by losing your temper.4)increase transitiveto increase in weight, speed, height, or value: Carries gained a lot of weight recently.5) gain access/entry/admittance etc (to something)to manage to enter a place, building, or organization:New ramps will help the disabled gain better access. methods used by burglars to gain entry to houses6) gain an understanding/impression to learn or find out about somethingWe are hoping to gain a better understanding of the underlying process.This enabled me to gain an overall impression of the school.n. There are obvious gains for the student. Eating too many fatty goods could cause weight gain.Retail sales showed a gain of 0.4%. No pains, no gains.25.independence n. 獨(dú)立；自主 independent adj.獨(dú)立的；自主的Nigeria gained independence from Britain in 1960.Lithuania was the first of the Soviet republics todeclare independence (=officially state its independence).The country has made great advances since independence. ways of helping old people maintain their independenceHaving a job gives youfinancial independence. We need a central bank that is independent of the government.independent schoolespecially British English (=one not owned or paid for by the government)independent television/radio/broadcasting etcBritish English (=not owned or paid for by the government)There were no independent witnesses to the shooting.independent inquiry/advice/opinion etc (=carried out by or given by an independent person or organization)Human rights groups have called for an independent inquiry into the killings.By this age, the child becomes relatively independent of his mother.reports from two separate sources entirely independent of one another26.gather vt. & vi. & n.搜集；集合；聚集1)come together intransitive and transitiveto come together and form a group, or to make people do this:A crowd gatheredto watch the fight. Thousands of people gathered outside the embassy.gather around/round Gather round, everyone, so that you can see the screen.During the air raids, we gathered the children around us and sang songs. gather togetherCould the brides family all gather together for a photo?be gathered Dozens of photographers were gathered outside Jaggers villa.2)know/think intransitive,transitive not in progressiveto believe that something is true because of what you have seen or heard = understand: You two know each other, I gather.gather (that) I gather youve had some problems with our sales department.from what I can gather/as far as I can gather (=this is what I believe to be true)Shes his niece, from what I can gather.3）collect intransitive and transitiveto get things from different places and put them together in one place:The researchers job is to gather information about people.4） gather speed/force/momentum etcto move faster, become stronger, get more support etc:The cart gathered speed as it coasted down the hill. The international relief effort appears to be gathering momentum.5） gather dustif something gathers dust, it is not being used: books just gathering dust on the shelf6） gather yourself/your strength/your thoughtsto prepare yourself for something you are going to do, especially something difficult: I took a few moments to gather my thoughts before going into the meeting.N 1)a meeting of a group of people: a select gathering of 20 or 30 people2 )intelligence/information etc gatheringthe process of collecting information from many different places27.agriculture n.農(nóng)業(yè)；農(nóng)藝；農(nóng)學(xué) More than 75% of the land is used for agriculture.agricultural land agricultural labourers agricultural n.農(nóng)業(yè)的；農(nóng)藝的28.award n.獎(jiǎng)；獎(jiǎng)品 vt.授予；判定1)something such as a prize or money given to someone to reward them for something they have doneaward for the Presidential Award for Excellence in Science and Mathematics Teachingwin/receive an award Rosie was in London to receive her award as Mum of the Year.The hotels award-winning restaurant specializes in traditional food.Magnussonpresentedthe 1000awardto the groups chairman.2)something, especially money, that is officially given to someone as a payment or after a legal decision:the teachers pay award an award for unfair dismissalreward reward sb with sthsomething that you get because you have done something good or helpful or have worked hardmoney that is offered to people for helping the police to solve a crime or catch a criminalvt. 1)to officially give someone something such as a prize or money to reward