2012年考研閱讀文章T3精讀——解析版.docx

老周的考研 | 考研真題精讀2012年考研閱讀文章精讀解析版Text 3In the idealized version of how science is done, facts about the world are waiting to be observed and collected by objective researchers who use the scientific method to carry out their work. But in the everyday practice of science, discovery frequently follows an ambiguous and complicated route. We aim to be objective, but we cannot escape the context of our unique life experience. Prior knowledge and interest influence what we experience, what we think our experiences mean, and the subsequent actions we take. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound.* In the idealized version of sth 某事的理想形式* be waiting to be observed and collected 等待被觀察和收集* objective researchers 客觀的研究人員* use the scientific method to carry out their work 使用科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行研究* an ambiguous and complicated route 一個(gè)模棱兩可和復(fù)雜的方式* We aim to be objective 我們目標(biāo)是客觀* the context of sth 某事的背景* our unique life experience 我們獨(dú)特的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)* Prior knowledge and interest 原有的知識(shí)和興趣* the subsequent actions we take 我們隨后采取的行動(dòng)* Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. 存在大量的誤解、錯(cuò)誤和自欺。Consequently, discovery claims should be thought of as protoscience. Similar to newly staked mining claims, they are full of potential. But it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to transform a discovery claim into a mature discovery. This is the credibility process, through which the individual researchers me, here, now becomes the communitys anyone, anywhere, anytime. Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point.* consequently 因此，所以= as a result, as a consequence, so, thus, therefore, accordingly, hence* Similar to newly staked mining claims 類(lèi)似于新公布的采礦權(quán)聲明 * be full of potential 充滿潛力* it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to do sth 需要集體的詳細(xì)審查和認(rèn)可* transform sb / sth (from sth) into sth 改變* Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. 客觀知識(shí)是目的，不是起點(diǎn)。Once a discovery claim becomes public, the discoverer receives intellectual credit. But, unlike with mining claims, the community takes control of what happens next. Within the complex social structure of the scientific community, researchers make discoveries; editors and reviewers act as gatekeepers by controlling the publication process; other scientists use the new finding to suit their own purposes; and finally, the public (including other scientists) receives the new discovery and possibly accompanying technology. As a discovery claim works its way through the community, the interaction and confrontation between shared and competing beliefs about the science and the technology involved transforms an individuals discovery claim into the communitys credible discovery.* Once a discovery claim becomes public 一旦科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明公開(kāi)* intellectual credit 學(xué)術(shù)榮譽(yù)，知識(shí)成果* Within the complex social structure of the scientific community 在復(fù)雜的科學(xué)界的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中* accompanying technology 應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的科技* work your way to / through etc sth 費(fèi)力達(dá)到He had worked his way up to head of department.他一步一步努力，終于做到部門(mén)主管。* the interaction and confrontation 相互影響和碰撞* shared and competing beliefs 相同和沖突的觀點(diǎn)Two paradoxes exist throughout this credibility process. First, scientific work tends to focus on some aspect of prevailing knowledge that is viewed as incomplete or incorrect. Little reward accompanies duplication and confirmation of what is already known and believed. The goal is new-search, not re-search. Not surprisingly, newly published discovery claims and credible discoveries that appear to be important and convincing will always be open to challenge and potential modification or refutation by future researchers. Second, novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. Nobel Laureate and physiologist Albert Szent-Gyrgyi once described discovery as “seeing what everybody has seen and thinking what nobody has thought.” But thinking what nobody else has thought and telling others what they have missed may not change their views. Sometimes years are required for truly novel discovery claims to be accepted and appreciated.* Two paradoxes exist 出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)悖論* some aspect of prevailing knowledge 流行知識(shí)的某些方面* be viewed as incomplete or incorrect 被視作是不完整或者不正確的* Little reward accompanies sth 某事幾乎沒(méi)有回報(bào)* novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. 創(chuàng)新本身常常引起懷疑。* years are required for sth to be accepted and appreciated 某事需要多年才能被接納和重視In the end, credibility “happens” to a discovery claim a process that corresponds to what philosopher Annette Baier has described as the commons of the mind. “We reason together, challenge, revise, and complete each others reasoning and each others conceptions of reason.”* correspond to sth 與某事一致核心意群EC：* In the idealized version of sth 某事的理想形式* be waiting to be observed and collected 等待被觀察和收集* objective researchers 客觀的研究人員* use the scientific method to carry out their work 使用科學(xué)的方法進(jìn)行研究* an ambiguous and complicated route 一個(gè)模棱兩可和復(fù)雜的方式* We aim to be objective 我們目標(biāo)是客觀* the context of sth 某事的背景* our unique life experience 我們獨(dú)特的生活經(jīng)驗(yàn)* Prior knowledge and interest 原有的知識(shí)和興趣* the subsequent actions we take 我們隨后采取的行動(dòng)* Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. 存在大量的誤解、錯(cuò)誤和自欺。* consequently 因此，所以= as a result, as a consequence, so, thus, therefore, accordingly, hence* Similar to newly staked mining claims 類(lèi)似于新公布的采礦權(quán)聲明 * be full of potential 充滿潛力* it takes collective scrutiny and acceptance to do sth 需要集體的詳細(xì)審查和認(rèn)可* transform sb / sth (from sth) into sth 改變* Objective knowledge is the goal, not the starting point. 客觀知識(shí)是目的，不是起點(diǎn)。* Once a discovery claim becomes public 一旦科學(xué)發(fā)現(xiàn)聲明公開(kāi)* intellectual credit 學(xué)術(shù)榮譽(yù)，知識(shí)成果* Within the complex social structure of the scientific community 在復(fù)雜的科學(xué)界的社會(huì)結(jié)構(gòu)中* accompanying technology 應(yīng)運(yùn)而生的科技* work your way to / through etc sth 費(fèi)力達(dá)到He had worked his way up to head of department.他一步一步努力，終于做到部門(mén)主管。* the interaction and confrontation 相互影響和碰撞* shared and competing beliefs 相同和沖突的觀點(diǎn)* Two paradoxes exist 出現(xiàn)兩個(gè)悖論* some aspect of prevailing knowledge 流行知識(shí)的某些方面* be viewed as incomplete or incorrect 被視作是不完整或者不正確的* Little reward accompanies sth 某事幾乎沒(méi)有回報(bào)* novelty itself frequently provokes disbelief. 創(chuàng)新本身常常引起懷疑。* years are required for sth to be accepted and appreciated 某事需要多年才能被接納和重視* correspond to sth 與某事一致E1. In the idealized version of sth 2. be waiting to be observed and collected 3. objective researchers 4. use the scientific method to carry out their work 5. an ambiguous and complicated route 6. We aim to be objective 7. the context of sth 8. our unique life experience 9. Prior knowledge and interest 10. the subsequent actions we take 11. Opportunities for misinterpretation, error, and self-deception abound. 、 。12. consequently ， = as a result, as a consequence, so, thus, therefore, accordingly, hence13. Similar to newly staked mining claims 14. be full of potential 15. it takes collectiv