譯林版高二英語(yǔ)選修8學(xué)案：Unit2 SectionⅢ Word版含解析.doc

unit 2the universal languagepart grammar省略為了使語(yǔ)言簡(jiǎn)潔或避免重復(fù)，要省略句子的一個(gè)或幾個(gè)成分，這種語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象稱為省略。省略常見(jiàn)情形：1在由and連接的句子中，常省略一些重復(fù)的詞或詞組(1)省略共同的主語(yǔ)或賓語(yǔ)。mr. smith picked up a coin on the road and (mr. smith)handed it to a policeman.史密斯先生在路上拾起一枚硬幣，并把它交給了警察。(2)若主語(yǔ)不同而謂語(yǔ)部分的助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞相同，則省略后面的情態(tài)動(dòng)詞或助動(dòng)詞。jack must have been playing football and mary (must have been) doing her homework.杰克肯定一直在踢足球，瑪麗在寫(xiě)作業(yè)。(3)若主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都相同，則省略后面的主謂成分。his advice made me happy，but(his advice made)jim very angry.他的建議使我高興，卻使吉姆很生氣。(4)若主語(yǔ)不同，但主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分相同，則省略主要?jiǎng)釉~及后續(xù)部分。i was born in 1998 and bob(was born) in 1989.我出生于1998年，鮑勃是1989年。(5)省略重復(fù)的介詞、連詞及后續(xù)部分。he was late because he had overslept and (because he had)missed the train.他遲到了，因?yàn)樗^(guò)了頭誤了火車。2狀語(yǔ)從句中的省略(1)在when，while，whenever，till，as soon as，if，unless，as if/though，as，whether等引導(dǎo)的狀語(yǔ)從句中，若謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be，而且主語(yǔ)又跟主句主語(yǔ)相同或是it時(shí)，則從句中主語(yǔ)和be常被省略。his opinion，whether(it is) right or wrong，will be considered.他的意見(jiàn)，無(wú)論對(duì)錯(cuò)，都要考慮。errors，if(there are)any, should be corrected.如果有什么錯(cuò)誤，就應(yīng)當(dāng)改正。(2)在as，than，however，whatever，no matter what等引導(dǎo)的從句中常省略某些成分。after two hours she became quieter(than she had been)兩個(gè)小時(shí)后，她安靜多了。(3)虛擬條件句常省略if，將were，had，should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝。should there be a flood(if there should be a flood)，what should we do?如果發(fā)生了洪水我們?cè)撛趺崔k？had he taken my advice(if he had taken my advice)，he would be a college student now.如果他早接受我的建議，他現(xiàn)在就是一名大學(xué)生了。(4)有些狀語(yǔ)從句置于句末，也可省略，有時(shí)可省略整個(gè)從句。i would have come yesterday(if i had wanted to)我昨天本來(lái)可以來(lái)的(如果我想來(lái)的話)。3定語(yǔ)從句與名詞性從句中的省略(3)在與suggest，request，order，advise等詞相關(guān)的名詞性從句中，應(yīng)用虛擬語(yǔ)氣形式“should動(dòng)詞原形”，should可以省略。it is suggested that we (should) go to see the film.有人建議我們?nèi)タ措娪啊?動(dòng)詞不定式省略，只保留to的場(chǎng)合5.介詞的省略(1)一些與動(dòng)詞、名詞或形容詞一起搭配的介詞常省略，而保留其后的動(dòng)名詞，常見(jiàn)句型有：have difficulty/trouble(in) doing sth.be busy (in) doing sth.stop/prevent sb. (from) doing sth.the heavy rain prevented him (from) arriving there on time.大雨使得他沒(méi)能準(zhǔn)時(shí)到達(dá)那里。(2)表示時(shí)間的介詞at，on和in 用在next，last，this，these，yesterday，tomorrow，one，any，every，each，some等詞之前，一般可省略。.單項(xiàng)填空1 she hurriedly left the room _.aas if angry bas if she angrycas if were she angry das if be angry2 meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment，_ i will always treasure.athat bonecit dwhat3 the house rent is expensive；ive got about half the space i had at home and im paying _ here.aas three times muchbas much three timescmuch as three timesdthree times as much4 what would have happened _，as far as the river bank?abob had walked fartherbif bob should walk fartherchad bob walked fartherdif bob walked farther5 is this the reason _ at the meeting for his carelessness in his work?ahe explainedbwhat he explainedchow he explaineddwhy he explained6 _ be sent to work there?awho do you suggestbwho do you suggest that shouldcdo you suggest who shouldddo you suggest whom should7 when _，the museum will be open to the public next year.acompleted bcompletingcbeing completed dto be completed8 you should have thanked her before you left.i mean！_，but when i was leaving i couldnt find her anywhere.ato do btocdoing ddoing it9 are you going out for a walk?_.aid like bid like to becid like to dboth b and c10 we spent the whole day _.aat smiths bat the smithscat the smiths dboth a and b11 what about _ a walk for a while?aour taking bus two takingcfor us to take dboth a and b12 which of the following is wrong?ahe runs faster than i.bhe runs faster than me.che runs faster than i do.dhe runs faster than me do.13 i know _ he studies hard and _ he always gets the first place.athat；/ b/；thatc/；/ dboth a and b14 we all know that，_，the situation will get worse.anot if dealt carefully withbif not carefully dealt withcif dealt not carefully withdnot if carefully dealt with15 jack bought a new mobile phone the other day._？thats his third one in just one month.ahad he bdid hecdoes he dhas he16 they do not visit their parents as much as they _.aought bought to visitcought to dought do17 if parents never expect their children to be helpful at home，they are sure _.anot bnot tocnot to be dnot to be that18 did you go to see the football match in the stadium?_，but my cousin called on me.aid like tobid like to haveci wouldnt like itdi like to19goodbye！im glad _ you._，too.ato see；i bto have seen；mecto be seen；me dseeing；i20_，you have given me a lot of help.atell the truthbto tell you the truthctelling true dtelling truth.體驗(yàn)高考1sit down，emma.you will only make yourself more tired，_ on your feet.ato keep bkeepingchaving kept dto have kept2since people are fond of humor，it is as welcome in conversation as _ else.aanything bsomethingcanywhere dsomewhere3we could invite john and barbara to the friday night party.yes，_？ill give them a call right now.awhy not bwhat forcwhy dwhat4im sorry i broke the vase.oh，_.it wasnt very expensive.ayoud better not bim afraid notcas you wish dthats all right5linda didnt invite us to the party._？i dont care.afor what bso whatcwhats on dwhats up答案：.1.a補(bǔ)充完整為“as if she were angry”；因主句的主語(yǔ)與從句的主語(yǔ)一致，且從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為be，從句的主語(yǔ)和動(dòng)詞be可以省略。2b用one代替可數(shù)名詞“an unforgettable moment”，“i will always treasure”作定語(yǔ)，修飾one，引導(dǎo)詞that省去。3d修飾比較級(jí)的three times只能置于比較結(jié)構(gòu)之前，不能置于其后或其中；本題中比較狀語(yǔ)從句部分被省略。4c“what would have happened”暗示后面使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，且與過(guò)去事實(shí)相反；當(dāng)if省略時(shí)，可將were/had/should提前，構(gòu)成部分倒裝；用if從句表達(dá)則是if bob had walked farther。句意：“如果鮑勃走得更遠(yuǎn)些，走到河岸邊會(huì)發(fā)生什么事呢？” 5aexplain作“解釋”講為及物動(dòng)詞，須接賓語(yǔ)。此處關(guān)系代詞that或which被省略；why引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，在句中作狀語(yǔ)，相當(dāng)于for which。6a本題結(jié)構(gòu)為“疑問(wèn)句插入語(yǔ)陳述句”。do you suggest為插入語(yǔ)，suggest后賓語(yǔ)從句常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的形式為“(should)動(dòng)詞原形”，should可省略。7a時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句和主句為同一主語(yǔ)，museum和complete是被動(dòng)關(guān)系。且從句謂語(yǔ)中含有be助動(dòng)詞，可省略從句中的主語(yǔ)和be助動(dòng)詞。8bmean to do sth.表示“打算做某事”，而mean doing表示“意味著”。由語(yǔ)境可知須用動(dòng)詞不定式作賓語(yǔ)，此處省略了不定式，只保留了不定式符號(hào)to。9c若省略不定式時(shí)，通常保留不定式符號(hào)to，若to后有be，have done或have been done時(shí)，保留be，have和have been。10dat smiths (house)“在史密斯家”，smith前不可加the；at the smiths (house)“在史密斯家人的家里”。11dwhat(how) about后接名詞或動(dòng)名詞形式，排除c項(xiàng)；另外，動(dòng)名詞的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)是形容詞性物主代詞(或名詞所有格)加動(dòng)名詞，若動(dòng)名詞短語(yǔ)在句中作賓語(yǔ)，口語(yǔ)中可用賓格(或名詞通格)代替。12dthan后若只有主語(yǔ)時(shí)，若不引起歧義，既可用主格，也可用賓格；但若than從句中保留謂語(yǔ)(或謂語(yǔ)一部分)，主語(yǔ)只能用主格形式。13b若動(dòng)詞后有兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能省略第一個(gè)that。14b句意：“我們都知道，如果不慎重處理，形勢(shì)會(huì)變得更加糟糕?！眎f not carefully dealt with的完整形式是if it (the situation)is not carefully dealt with。15b由the other day知，第二句也應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)。did he是did he buy a new mobile phone的省略。16c句意：“他們沒(méi)有按應(yīng)該去看望父母的次數(shù)去看望他們。”ought to后的動(dòng)詞與上文出現(xiàn)的動(dòng)詞相同時(shí)，可以省略動(dòng)詞只保留ought to。17c句意：“如果在家里父母永遠(yuǎn)都不想讓孩子幫忙，那么他們一定不會(huì)那樣做?！蓖ǔ２欢ㄊ降氖÷灾槐Ａ舨欢ㄊ椒?hào)，如果后面有助動(dòng)詞be或have則需與to一起保留。此處省略了與上文相同的部分helpful，保留了不定式符號(hào)和be動(dòng)詞。18b句意：“你去體育場(chǎng)看足球賽了嗎？我本想去的，但我堂兄來(lái)了。”would like to have done表示“原本打算做某事而實(shí)際上沒(méi)做”，在簡(jiǎn)短答語(yǔ)中，可省略與上文相同的部分，但當(dāng)不定式含有be和助動(dòng)詞have時(shí)，則須保留be或have。19b句意：“再見(jiàn)，很高興和你見(jiàn)面。我也是?！?