2019屆中考英語二輪復(fù)習(xí)語法突破三名詞考點(diǎn)剖析（講義五四制）.docx

五四語法三 名詞語法考點(diǎn)剖析考點(diǎn)一 名詞詞義辨析名詞詞義的辨析在歷年中考試題中屬于必考題，通常在單選、完形填空、詞語運(yùn)用等題型中考察。名詞詞義辨析常分為同類名詞辨析、不同類名詞辨析和近義名詞辨析。其中，同類名詞辨析主要涉及抽象類、地點(diǎn)類、職業(yè)類、飲食類、情緒類等。單項(xiàng)選擇1(2018山東萊蕪中考)Stephen Hawkings story gives me much to face all kinds of difficulties.Achance Bwealth Ccourage Ddecision2(2018江蘇泰州中考) About how to achieve a balance between hobbies and schoolwork，Justin asked me for my Aposition BattentionCsuggestion Dintroduction考點(diǎn)二 名詞的數(shù)名詞按其所表示的事物的性質(zhì)分為可數(shù)名詞與不可數(shù)名詞。1可數(shù)名詞的復(fù)數(shù)形式可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式，可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)的變化規(guī)則如下：種類變化例詞一般情況加scakecakesstudentstudentsbedbedscomputercomputers以s, x, sh, ch等結(jié)尾的詞加esbusbusesclassclasseswatchwatchesboxboxes以輔音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞變y為i，再加esbabybabies citycitiescountrycountriesladyladies以元音字母加y結(jié)尾的詞加stoytoysmonkeymonkeyskeykeys以f(fe)結(jié)尾的詞變f(fe)為v，再加esleafleaves; wolfwolvesknifeknives; lifelives以輔音字母加o結(jié)尾的表示有生命的名詞，在詞尾加estomatotomatoespotatopotatoesheroheroes 表示無生命的名詞，在詞尾加sphotophotospianopianos radioradios不規(guī)則變化改變單數(shù)名詞中的元音字母womanwomenfootfeettoothteeth單復(fù)數(shù)形式相同sheepsheep; deerdeerChineseChineseJapaneseJapanese 其他形式mousemicechildchildren2.不可數(shù)名詞的數(shù)(1)概述：不可數(shù)名詞所表示的事物一般不能用數(shù)來計(jì)算，沒有詞形變化，這類詞主要為抽象名詞和物質(zhì)名詞。(2)表示方法：不可數(shù)名詞需要計(jì)量時(shí)，用“數(shù)詞或冠詞量詞of不可數(shù)名詞”的結(jié)構(gòu)表示，量詞可以是單數(shù)也可以是復(fù)數(shù)，但of后面的名詞只用單數(shù)。a cup of tea 一杯茶two bottles of water 兩瓶水four pieces of paper 四張紙(一)單項(xiàng)選擇(2018廣東中考)The three upstairs are too sma1l to have enough for a double bed.Aroom, room Broom, roomsCrooms, room Drooms, rooms(二)單詞拼寫與運(yùn)用They havent made a (decide) where to spend their summer vacation.考點(diǎn)三 名詞所有格1表示所有關(guān)系一般用s所有格，但表示無生命的事物的所有關(guān)系一般用of所有格。a students room一個(gè)學(xué)生的房間teachers office老師們的辦公室the price of the book這本書的價(jià)格2雙重所有格的構(gòu)成：“ofs所有格”或“of名詞性物主代詞”。雙重所有格和of所有格意義不同。a photo of my sisters我妹妹的一張照片(照片屬于我妹妹，但是照片上的人不一定是她)a photo of my sister一張我妹妹的照片(照片上的人是我妹妹)3表示時(shí)間、距離、國家、城市、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等名詞的所有關(guān)系，直接在詞尾加s。todays newspaper今天的報(bào)紙4表示“某人家”或“店鋪”的名詞所有格后，一般省略被修飾的名詞。at the doctors在診所5一樣?xùn)|西為兩者或兩者以上共有，在最后一個(gè)名詞詞尾加s；若是各自所有，則每個(gè)名詞詞尾都加s。Lucy and Lilys mother is a teacher. Lucys and Lilys homework is usually checked by her.露西和莉莉的媽媽是一名老師，她們倆的作業(yè)一般由她檢查。單項(xiàng)選擇1(2018內(nèi)蒙古通遼中考)This is family photo, I took it on her mothers birthday.AMary; forty BMarys; fortiethCMary; fortieth DMarys; forties2(2018四川遂寧中考)Tom, are these books ？No, they are . Mine are on that shelf.Amine; Jenny Byours; JennysCmine; Jennys Dyours; Jenny3(2018貴州安順中考)Excuse me! Is this new house?Yes, its . The parents of them bought it last September.ALucy and Lilys; theirs BLucys and Lilys; themCLucys and Lilys; theirs DLucy and Lilys; them考點(diǎn)四 名詞作定語1名詞作定語一般用單數(shù)形式，但有些常以復(fù)數(shù)形式出現(xiàn)的名詞則仍用復(fù)數(shù)形式。clothes shop服裝店sports meeting運(yùn)動(dòng)會(huì)2man/woman作定語時(shí)隨所修飾的名詞的數(shù)變化。men doctors男醫(yī)生women drivers女司機(jī)3“數(shù)詞連字符名詞”作定語。a threeday holiday一個(gè)三天的假期a fiveyear plan一個(gè)五年計(jì)劃連字符后面的名詞用單數(shù)形式單項(xiàng)選擇1(2018湖南郴州中考改編)Look at the girl in the square!Oh.Im surprised that a girl can dance so well!Athreeyearsold BthreeyearoldCthree years old Dthreeyearsold2(2018內(nèi)蒙古通遼中考)In China, there are more i