名詞性從句講解.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，僅供學(xué)習(xí)與交流，如有侵權(quán)請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除名詞性從句講解在復(fù)合句中起名詞作用的從句叫做名詞性從句。它包括主語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句。一、名詞性從句主語(yǔ)從句、表語(yǔ)從句、賓語(yǔ)從句、同位語(yǔ)從句，在整個(gè)句子中所起的作用，相當(dāng)于一個(gè)名詞。因此，這四種從句通稱為名詞性從句。引導(dǎo)名詞性從句的連接詞可分為三類： 連接詞：that, whether, if （不充當(dāng)從句的任何成分） 連接代詞：what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which. 連接副詞：when, where, how, why1. 主語(yǔ)從句 （兩種結(jié)構(gòu)，三類連接詞）兩種結(jié)構(gòu)1. 主語(yǔ)從句位于句首： What he wants is a book. Who kept the door open all night was unknown.2. 主語(yǔ)從句位于句尾，it 作形式主語(yǔ)。（1） It + be + 名詞 + that從句 Its a pity that we cant go. Its no surprise that our team should have won the game. （2） It + be + 形容詞 + that從句. It seems obvious that we can not go on like this. （3）It + be + 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞 + that從句It is known to all that light travels in straight lines.It is reported that China has sent another man-made earth satellite into orbit. （ 4）It + 不及物動(dòng)詞 + that 從句 注意在主語(yǔ)從句中用來(lái)表示驚奇、不相信、惋惜、理應(yīng)如此等語(yǔ)氣時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用虛擬語(yǔ)氣“(should) +do”，常用的句型有：It is necessary (important, natural, strange, etc.) that It is a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.) that It is suggested (requested, proposed, desired, etc.) that 三類連接詞:1. 連詞that whetherthat引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:引導(dǎo)詞that無(wú)含義,在句中不做成分,不可以省。whether 引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句:whether有含義(是否),在句中不做成分,不可以省。That you will win the medal seems unlikely. That she survived the accident is a miracle. Whether she is coming or not doesnt matter too much. 2. 連接代詞who, whose, whom, which, what, whoever, whomever, whichever, whatever引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句中，其連接代詞在句中起名詞性作用，擔(dān)當(dāng)一定成分.What you need is more practice.What I want to know is this. Whatever we do is to serve the people.3.連接副詞when, where, why, how引導(dǎo)的名詞性從句(其連接副詞有含義,在句中作狀語(yǔ)。) Where we should leave it is a problem.When they will come hasnt been made pubic. Where the English evening will be held has not yet been announced. 練習(xí)1. has helped to save the drowning girl is worth praising. A. Who B. The one C. Anyone D. Whoever2. It was he said disappointed me. A. what ; that B. that; that C. what; what D. that; what3. well go camping tomorrow depends on the weather. A. If B. Whether C. That D. Where4. he said at the meeting surprised everybody present. A. What B. That C. The fact D. The matter5._ he made an important speech at the meeting was true. A. That B. Why C. What D. How6. It is necessary that a college student _ at least a foreign language. A. masters B. should master C. mastered D. will master7.What I say and think _ none of your business. A. is B. are C. has D have8. _ is a fact that English is being accepted as an international language.A. There B. This C. That D. It2. 賓語(yǔ)從句名詞句用作賓語(yǔ)的從句叫賓語(yǔ)從句。引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞與引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句表語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)聯(lián)詞大致一樣，在句中可以作謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞或介詞及非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的賓語(yǔ)。1. 由連接詞that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句由連接詞that引導(dǎo)賓語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，that在句中不擔(dān)任任何成分，在口語(yǔ)或非正式的文體中常被省去，但如從句是并列句時(shí),第二個(gè)分句前的that不可省。例如：He has told me that he will go to Shanghai tomorrow. We must never think (that) we are good in everything while others are good in nothing. 注意：在demand、order、suggest、decide、insist, desire, demand, request, command等表示要求、命令、建議、決定等意義的動(dòng)詞后，賓語(yǔ)從句常用“（should）+ 動(dòng)詞原形”。例如：I insist that she (should) do her work alone. The commander ordered that troops (should) set off at once. 2. 用who，whom, which, whose, what, when, where, why, how, whoever, whatever, whichever等關(guān)聯(lián)詞引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于特殊疑問(wèn)句，應(yīng)注意句子語(yǔ)序要用陳述語(yǔ)序。I want to know what he has told you. 。 She always thinks of how she can work well. She will give whoever needs help a warm support. 3. 用whether或if引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，其主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)的順序也不能顛倒，仍保持陳述句語(yǔ)序。此外，whether與if 在作“是否”的意思講時(shí)在下列情況下一般只能用whether，不用if：a. 引導(dǎo)主語(yǔ)從句并在句首時(shí)；b. 引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句時(shí)；c . 引導(dǎo)從句作介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)；d. 從句后有“or not”時(shí)；e. 后接動(dòng)詞不定式時(shí)。Whether there is life on the moon is an interesting question. Everything depends on whether we have enough money. 4. 注意賓語(yǔ)從句中的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)，當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是現(xiàn)在時(shí)，從句根據(jù)自身的句子情況，而使用不同時(shí)態(tài)。I know (that) he studies English every day. （從句用一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)）I know (that) he studied English last term. （從句用一般過(guò)去時(shí)）I know (that) he will study English next year. （從句用一般將來(lái)時(shí)）I know (that) he has studied English since 1998. （從句用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)）當(dāng)主句動(dòng)詞是過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)（could, would除外），從句則要用相應(yīng)的過(guò)去時(shí)態(tài)，如一般過(guò)去時(shí)，過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，過(guò)去將來(lái)時(shí)等；當(dāng)從句表示的是客觀真理，科學(xué)原理，自然現(xiàn)象，則從句仍用現(xiàn)在時(shí)態(tài)。例如：The teacher told us that Tom had left us for America 5. think, believe, imagine, suppose等等動(dòng)詞引起的否定性賓語(yǔ)從句中，要把上述主句中的動(dòng)詞變?yōu)榉穸ㄊ?。即將從句中的否定形式移到主句中。We dont think you are here. I dont believe he will do so. 練習(xí)1. _ surprised me most was _ such a little boy of seven could play the violin so well.A. Thatwhat B. Whatthat C. Thatwhich D. Whatwhich2. Excuse me would you please tell me _ A. when the sports meet is taken place B. when is the sports meet going to be heldC. when is the sports meet to begin D. when the sports meet is to take place3. Do you happen to know _ A. what size shoes he wears B. how big shoes he wearsC. what is the size of his shoes D. what number shoes are his4. Where do you think _ A. has he gone B. has he been C. hes gone D. was he5. Do you know _ A. how many populations there are in the world B. how much population there is in the worldC. how many the population of the world isD. what the population of the world is6. He didnt know which room _.A. they lived B. they lived in C. did they live D. did they live in7. The little boy ate _ his mother gave him.A. that B. which C. whatever D. no matter what8.He insisted that he _ in good health and _ to work there.A. was, be sent B. is, is sent C. be, was sent D. be, send9. They discussed _ they could settle the problem without others help.A. if B. that C. what D. whether10. He said that he was fond of _.A. what beautiful is B. what is beautiful C. beautiful is what D. what it is beautiful1-5BDACD 6-10 BCADB3. 表語(yǔ)從句1.that引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句that僅起連接作用，無(wú)意義，在句中不作任何成分，通常不能省略。這種從句往往對(duì)主句主語(yǔ)的內(nèi)容起進(jìn)一步解釋的作用。其基本結(jié)構(gòu)為：主語(yǔ)+系動(dòng)詞+that從句。如：The fact is that we have lost the game. What surprised me most was that all the pupils were unusually quiet.當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是reason時(shí)，表語(yǔ)從句要用that引導(dǎo)而不是because。如：The reason why he was late was that he missed the train by one minute this morning.2.wh-疑問(wèn)詞引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接代詞what，which，who，whom，whose除在句子中起連接作用外，還可在從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)，且各有各的詞義。如：The problem is who is really fit for the hard job.(who在從句中作主語(yǔ))Tom is no longer what he used to be.(what在從句中作系動(dòng)詞be的表語(yǔ))連接副詞when,where,how,why除在句中起連接作用外，在從句子中還充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)，方式，原因狀語(yǔ)，本身具有詞義。如：Thats where I cant agree with you. whether引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句連接詞whether起連接作用，意為“是否，究竟，到底”(注意：if不能引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句)，在句中也不作任何成分。The question is whether that man will turn up in time. 3.其他連詞as if,because,as,as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句because引導(dǎo)表語(yǔ)從句通常只用于“This/That/It is/was because.”結(jié)構(gòu)中。as if/as though引導(dǎo)的表語(yǔ)從句常置于系動(dòng)詞look，seem，sound，be，become等后面，常用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，表示不存在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。如：The elephant feels as if/though he were a wall.It looks as if it is going to rain. 4.主語(yǔ)是表示建議、命令、要求等的名詞，那么表語(yǔ)從句應(yīng)該用虛擬語(yǔ)氣，即should后接動(dòng)詞原形,(should可以省略)。如：His suggestion is that we (should) climb all the way to the top of the hill.練習(xí)1.The problem is _will go to the meeting.A. why B. when C. what D. who2.It looks _ it were going to rain.A. even if B. as if C. even though D. like3.That is _ he likes the place so much.A. that B. what C. why D. how4.That is _ Lu Xun once lived.A. what B. where C. that D. why5.What Im considering now _ the money we need.A. is B. are C. were D. was6. The energy is _ makes the cells able to do their work.A. that B. which C. what D. such1-6DBCDAC4. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明其前面的名詞的具體內(nèi)容。同位語(yǔ)從句通常由that引導(dǎo)，可用于同位語(yǔ)從句的名詞有advice、demand、doubt、fact、hope、idea、information、message、news、order、problem、promise、question、request、suggestion、truth、wish、word等。例如：The news that we won the game is exciting. I have no idea when he will come back home. The thought came to him that Mary had probably fallen ill. 同位語(yǔ)從句和定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別： that作為關(guān)系代詞，可以引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，充當(dāng)句子成分，在從句中作賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略； that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，起連詞的作用，沒有實(shí)際意義，不充當(dāng)句子成分，一般不能省略。 試比較下面兩個(gè)例句: The news that we won the game is exciting.（that引導(dǎo)同位語(yǔ)從句，不能省略）The news that he told me is exciting.（that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，作賓語(yǔ)，可以省略）練習(xí)1. As the day was fine, I made the suggestion _ for a walk in the park.A. we go B. we will go C. should we go D. that we go2.The fact _ she had not said anything surprised all of us.A. which B. what C. that D. how3. Now there is a danger _ the ground may fall in (沉下) under the heavy traffic.A. whether B. if C. X D. that4. Last Sunday he made a promise _ he was free he would take me to Qingdao.A. if B. that C. that if D. whether1-4DCDC名詞性從句1. _ makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer. A. That B. What C. Who D. Which2. Experts believe_ people can waste less food by shopping only when it is necessary. A. why B. where C. that D. what3. Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell _ close you may be to victory. A. how B. that C. which D. where4. _ one of you breaks the window will have to pay for it. A. Whoever B. Whatever C. Whichever D. Wherever5. Its good to know_ the dog