英國文學(xué)史全部復(fù)習(xí)資料.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請(qǐng)聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除英國文學(xué)史全部復(fù)習(xí)資料英國文學(xué)史考研復(fù)習(xí)要點(diǎn)Part One: Early and Medieval English Literature1. Beowulf: national epic of the English people; Denmark story; alliteration, metaphors and understatements （此處可能會(huì)有填空，選擇等小題）2. Romance （名詞解釋）3. “Sir Gawain and the Green Knight”: a famous roman about King Arthurs story4. Ballad（名詞解釋）5. Character of Robin Hood6. Geoffrey Chaucer: founder of English poetry; The Canterbury Tales (main contents; 124 stories planned, only 24 finished; written in Middle English; significance; form: heroic couplet)7. Heroic couplet (名詞解釋)Part Two: The English Renaissance8. The Authorized Version of English Bible and its significance（填空選擇）9. Renaissance（名詞解釋）10.Thomas MoreUtopia11. Sonnet（名詞解釋）12. Blank verse（名詞解釋）13. Edmund Spenser “The Faerie Queene”; Amoretti (collection of his sonnets) Spenserian Stanza（名詞解釋）14. Francis Bacon “essays” esp. “Of Studies”（推薦閱讀，學(xué)習(xí)寫正式語體的英文文章的好參照，本文用詞正式優(yōu)雅，多排比句和長(zhǎng)句，語言造詣非常高，里面很多話都可以引用做格言警句，非常值得一讀）15. Christopher Marlowe (“Doctor Faustus” and his achievements)16. William Shakespeare可以說是英國文學(xué)史中最重要的作家，一定要看熟了。四大喜劇，四大悲劇比較重要，此外就是羅密歐與朱立葉了，這些劇的主題，背景，情節(jié)，人物形象都要熟悉，當(dāng)然他最重要的喜劇作品是Hamlet這是肯定的。他的sonnet也很重要，最重要屬sonnet18。（其戲劇中著名對(duì)白和幾首有名的十四行詩可能會(huì)出選讀）17. Ben Jonson個(gè)別戲劇的名字要能和人對(duì)上號(hào)，如Every Man in His Humor, 二外好像在這里出過一道匹配題，但是不用看太具體。Part Three: The Period of the English Bourgeois Revolution18. John Milton 三大史詩非常重要，特別是Paradise Lost和Samson Agonistes。對(duì)于Paradise Lost需要知道它是blank verse寫成的，故事情節(jié)來自O(shè)ld Testament，具體情節(jié)在課本124頁，另外要知道此書theme和Satan的形象。對(duì)于Samson Agonistes要知道它是poetical drama，知道故事大概情節(jié)及其來源。另外129頁到130頁brief summary中5條要看。19. John BunyanThe Pilgrims Progress20. Founder of the Metaphysical schoolJohn Donne; features of the school: philosophical poems, complex rhythms and strange images21. Andrew Marvell 此人不重要，但他有一首名詩To His Coy Mistress22. John Dryden“All for Love”(a tragedy); “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”(Literary criticism); forerunner of the Classicism in BritainPart Four: The Eighteen Century23. Enlightenment（名詞解釋）24. Classicism（名詞解釋）25. Richard Steele“The Tatler”26. Joseph Addison“The Spectator”這個(gè)比上面那個(gè)要重要，注意這個(gè)報(bào)紙和我們今天的報(bào)紙不一樣，它虛構(gòu)了一系列的人物，以這些人物的口氣來寫報(bào)紙上刊登的散文，這一部分要仔細(xì)讀。27. Steels and Addisons styles and their contributions28. Alexander Pope: “Essay on Criticism”, “Essay on Man”, “The Rape of Lock”, “The Dunciad”; his workmanship (features) and limitations29. Jonathan Swift: “Gullivers Travels”此書非常重要，要知道具體內(nèi)容，就是Gulliver游歷過的四個(gè)地方的英文名稱，和每個(gè)部分具體的諷刺對(duì)象; “The Drapiers Letters” and “A Modest Proposal”, 后一篇比較重要，要注意后一篇作者用的irony也就是反諷手法。30. The rise and growth of the realistic novel is the most prominent achievement of 18th century English literature.31. Daniel Defoe: “Robinson Crusoe”, “Moll Flanders”, 當(dāng)然是Robinson Crusoe比較重要，劇情要清楚，179頁這一節(jié)最后一段，有Robinson Crusoe的形象和故事中蘊(yùn)涵的早期黑奴的原形，以及殖民主義的萌芽。另外注意Defoe的style和feature，另外Defoe是forerunner of English realistic novel。32. Samuel Richardson“Pamela” (first epistolary novel), “Clarissa Harlowe”, “Sir Charles Grandison”33. Henry Fielding: “Joseph Andrews”, “Jonathan Wild”, “Tom Jones”第一個(gè)和第三個(gè)比較重要，需要仔細(xì)看。他是一個(gè)比較重要的作家，200頁founder of the English Realistic novel部分要看，201頁第3點(diǎn)features也要看，另外Fielding也被稱為father of the English novel.34. Laurence Sterne“Tristram Shandy”35. Richard Sheridan“The School for Scandal”36. Samuel Johnson“Dictionary”, “Letter to Lord Chesterfield” (the writers declaration of independence)37. Oliver Goldsmith“The Traveller”(poem), “The Deserted Village” (poem) (both two poems were written by heroic couplet), “The Vicar of Wakefield” (novel), “The Good-Natured Man” (comedy), “She stoops to Conquer” (comedy), “The Citizen of the World” (collection of essays)38. Edward Gibbon“The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire”40. Sentimentalism（名詞解釋）41. Thomas Gray“Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard”（英國詩歌里非常著名的一首，曾經(jīng)被譽(yù)為“有史以來英國詩歌里最好的一首”）(a representative of sentimentalism and graveyard school of poets墓園派詩人)*Graveyard School / Poets”: A term applied to eighteenth-century poets who wrote meditative poems, usually set in a graveyard, on the theme of human mortality, in moods which range from elegiac pensiveness to profound gloom. The vogue resulted in one of the most widely known English poems, Thomas Grays “Elegy written in a country churchyard”. The writing of graveyard poems spread from England to Continental literature in the second part of the century and also influenced some American poets.42. In the latter half of the 18th century, Pre-Romanticism; representative: William Blake and Robert Burns.43. Thomas Percy“Reliques of Ancient English poetry”許多中古的民謠都是在這個(gè)時(shí)期重新收集和整理起來的，這個(gè)集子是那個(gè)時(shí)代比較有名的一個(gè)民謠集。44. William Blake比較重要，需要對(duì)主要作品有所了解，特別是Songs of Innocence 和 Songs of Experience, 這兩本集子的contrast一定要注意，另外Blake的寫作特點(diǎn)也要注意，比如語言的簡(jiǎn)單明了，神秘主義氛圍等。45. Robert Burns偉大的蘇格蘭民族詩人, A Red Red Rose, Scots Wha Hae, Auld Lang Syne等名詩，寫作特點(diǎn): Scottish dialect; a poet of peasant and Scottish people; plain language; influence from Scottish folk songs and ballads; musical quality of his poems.Part Five: Romanticism in England46. Romanticism（名詞解釋）要對(duì)浪漫主義興起的時(shí)間，根源，主要特點(diǎn)，主要代表作家都有所了解。47.William Wordsworth要知道他的 “Lyrical Ballads”前言是英國浪漫主義時(shí)期開始的標(biāo)志，也是宣言。Lake Poets（名詞解釋）。他詩歌的主要兩類題材：nature and common peoples lives。寫過的著名作品：I wandered lonely as a cloud; To the cuckoo; Lines composed a few miles above Tintern Abbey; The solitary reaper; We are seven 等等。48. Samuel Taylor Coleridge兩首名詩：The Rime of the Ancient Mariner; Kubla Khan主要寫作supernatural題材。49. George Gordon Byron，Byronic Heroes (名詞解釋); 著名作品：Child Harolds Pilgrimage要知道大致內(nèi)容，另外此詩用Spenserian Stanza寫成；Don Juan要知道大致內(nèi)容，及其詩體attava rima。50. Percy Bysshe Shelley著名作品：Queen Mab; The Revolt of Islam; Prometheus Unbound（lyrical drama，要知道大致內(nèi)容及此劇與古希臘的“被束縛的普羅米修斯”不同之處及其意義。）其它名作: Ode to the West Wind; To a skylark; One word is too often profaned等等。51. John Keats著名作品：Ode to Autumn; Ode to a Nightingale; Ode on a Grecian Urn”。注意Keats與Byron和Shelley的不同，Keats的詩歌沒有兩人那么強(qiáng)的革命性，他的詩歌主要是為了締造一個(gè)唯美的世界，為了追求美而寫作的。52. Charles Lamb：The Essays of Elia (humorous, archaisms, quotations from other writers)53. Walter Scott: founder and great master of the historical novel; his death marks the ending of Romantic Period in English literature; famous novels: Rob Roy, Ivanhoe; features of his novels (P322)Part Six: English Critical Realism54. Critical Realism批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義，要知道它興起的時(shí)間，歷史背景，主要代表人物及主要特點(diǎn)。55. Charles Dickens主要作品: The Pickwick Papers (first novel); Oliver Twist; Dombey and Son; David Copperfield; A Tales of Two Cities等等，對(duì)這些主要作品除了第一部以外剩下的要對(duì)情節(jié)，主要人物形象，主題及其意義有所了解，另外要知道狄更斯的小說的特色（P362-P363）。56. William Makepeace Thackeray主要作品即Vanity Fair要知道這個(gè)題目出自John Bunyan的The Pilgrims Progress，另外小說的副標(biāo)題 “A novel without a hero”的意思，小說的情節(jié)，主題，人物形象都要了解。57. Jane Austen主要作品：Pride and Prejudice其它5部小說在書上372頁，知道名字即可，對(duì)于傲慢與偏見課本上介紹的不詳細(xì)，可以找其它文學(xué)史書籍來簡(jiǎn)單看一下它的情節(jié)和主要人物。Austen的寫作特點(diǎn)：thin plot, mostly everyday life of simle country society; good at writing young girls; modest satire; witty dialogues。58. Charlotte Bronte主要作品Jane Eyre，要知道其情節(jié)和意義，另外簡(jiǎn)愛的人物形象也比較重要。59. Emily Bronte主要作品Wuthering Heights，情節(jié)，人物形象及意義。勃朗特姐妹的小說雖然寫作在批判現(xiàn)實(shí)主義時(shí)期，但其作品有明顯的浪漫主義特色，比如包含的一些supernatural elements，特別體現(xiàn)在呼嘯山莊中。60. Mrs. Gaskell, one of the first English writers to describe the class struggle in a novel, famous novel: “Mary Barton”.不需要看太詳細(xì)。61. George Eliot主要作品: Adam Bede, The Mill on Floss, Silas Marner簡(jiǎn)單了解即可。Part Seven: Prose-writers and poets of the mid and later 19th century62. Thomas Carlyle, John Ruskin, Matthew Arnold簡(jiǎn)單了解即可。63. Alfred Tennyson主要作品: In Memoriam, The Idylls of the Kings；有名的短詩Break, Break, Break; Crossing the bar等，此人政治態(tài)度保守，作品追求形式上的完美，富于音樂性和色彩。具體寫作特色參看P410-P411。64. Robert Browning introduced dramatic monologue to poetry. (P416) His famous poems: “Home-thoughts from abroad” etc. Elizabeth Barrett Browning: “Sonnets from the Portuguese”.65. 簡(jiǎn)單了解William Morris主要作品，寫作特點(diǎn)，及其意義等。66. Aestheticism唯美主義（名詞解釋）Oscar Wilde主要作品，寫作特點(diǎn)及其意義簡(jiǎn)要了解。Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature67. Thomas Hardy, Wessex novels，要知道為什么叫Wessex，書上P458。著名作品：Tess of DUrberville（情節(jié)，主要人物形象，主題及意義）,Far from the madding crowd, Jude the obscure等等。Hardy小說的特色（P459第一段）。Part Eight: Twentieth Century English Literature67. Thomas Hardy, Wessex novels，要知道為什么叫Wessex，書上P458。著名作品：Tess of DUrberville（情節(jié)，主要人物形象，主題及意義）,Far from the madding crowd, Jude the obscure等等。Hardy小說的特色（P459第一段）。68. John Galsworthy: 主要作品 “The Forsyte Saga”注意這是兩個(gè)trilogy構(gòu)成的，可不是一本小說，其中比較重要的是 “The Man of Property”就是書上介紹的那一部，要知道此部小說主人公的名字，以及這個(gè)主人公的性格，和小說主題。書上介紹這個(gè)作家的部分的最后一段算是這個(gè)作家的寫作特點(diǎn)。這位作家在20世紀(jì)聲名是逐漸下降的，但是還是有些學(xué)校會(huì)考到他。69. The Irish Dramatic Movement（名詞解釋） Irish Renaissance（名詞解釋）70. George Bernard Shaw主要作品Mrs Warrens Profession和Major Babara，如果看的是其它版本的英國文學(xué)史，可能會(huì)選其它的作品，對(duì)他作品的主要人物，情節(jié)，主題和意義要了解，他是比較重要的一個(gè)作家。71. William Butler Yeats幾首有名的詩歌如 “Sailing to Byzantium” , “The Second Coming”, “The Wild Swan at Coole”要知道，另外他詩歌的特點(diǎn)如symbolism, mysticism, modernists influence等等。72. T. S. Eliot比較重要，特別是他的The Waste Land要知道包括哪幾個(gè)部分，大概是什么情節(jié)，有什么象征意義，主題是什么，有什么寫作特點(diǎn)。另外他的其它作品也有某些學(xué)?？嫉竭^，也要知道，比如他的詩劇Murder in the Cathedral等等，要知道大概的情節(jié)。另外他著名的文章Tradition and the Individual Talent被認(rèn)為是manifesto of modernist poetry.73. Modernist fiction put emphasis on the description of the characters psychological activities under the influence of Austrian doctor Sigmund Freuds theories.74. D. H. Lawrence重點(diǎn)作品Sons and Lovers這個(gè)作品明顯受到弗洛伊德影響，特別是其中體現(xiàn)的Oedipus complex，對(duì)其人物，主題要有了解；The Rainbow及其續(xù)篇Women in Love要有簡(jiǎn)單了解，特別是對(duì)其主題。Lady Chatterleys Lover簡(jiǎn)單了解即可。492頁第三段對(duì)Lawrence的思想做了個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單總結(jié)，這一段中指出的勞倫斯的思想特點(diǎn)以及局限性要了解。75. Stream-of-consciousness（名詞解釋）76. James Joyce其它作品簡(jiǎn)單了解，但Ulysses非常重要，需要知道題目來源，題目的含義，小說的主人公和情節(jié)，以及主題。77. Virginia Woolf重要的意識(shí)流作家，主要作品要知道在496頁第二段，書上主要介紹的是To the Lighthouse，其實(shí)她的其它幾部作品特別是Mrs. Dalloway也比較出名，需要了解一下。英國文學(xué)史復(fù)習(xí)資料A Concise History of British LiteratureChapter 1 English Literature of Anglo-Saxon PeriodI.Introduction1. The historical background(1) Before the Germanic invasion(2) During the Germanic invasiona. immigration; b. Christianity; c. heptarchy. d. social classes structure: hide-hundred; eoldermen (lord) thane - middle class (freemen) - lower class (slave or bondmen: theow); e. social organization: clan or tribes. f. military Organization; g. Church function: spirit, civil service, education; h. economy: coins, trade, slavery; i. feasts and festival: Halloween, Easter; j. legal system.2. The Overview of the culture(1) The mixture of pagan and Christian spirit.(2) Literature: a. poetry: two types; b. prose: two figures.II. Beowulf.1. A general introduction.2. The content.3. The literary features.(1) the use of alliteration(2) the use of metaphors and understatements(3) the mixture of pagan and Christian elementsIII. The Old English Prose1. What is prose?2. figures(1) The Venerable Bede(2) Alfred the GreatChapter 2 English Literature of the Late Medieval AgesI. Introduction1. The Historical Background.(1) The year 1066: Norman Conquest.(2) The social situations soon after the conquest.A. Norman nobles and serfs; B. restoration of the church.(3) The 11th century.A. the crusade and knights.B. dominance of French and Latin;(4) The 12th century.A. the centralized government;B. kings and the church (Henry II and Thomas);(5) The 13th century.A. The legend of Robin Hood;B. Magna Carta (1215);C. the beginning of the ParliamentD. English and Latin: official languages (the end)(6) The 14th century.a. the House of Lords and the House of Commonsconflict between the Parliament and Kings;b. the rise of towns.c. the change of Church.d. the role of women.e. the Hundred Years Warstarting.f. the development of the trade: London.g. the Black Death.h. the Peasants Revolt1381.i. The translation of Bible by Wycliff.(7) The 15th century.a. The Peasants Revolt (1453)b. The War of Roses between Lancasters and Yorks.c. the printing-pressWilliam Caxton.d. the starting of Tudor Monarchy(1485)2. The Overview of Literature.(1) the stories from the Celtic lands of Wales and Brittanygreat myths of the Middle Ages.(2) Geoffrye of MonmouthHistoria Regum BritanniaeKing Authur.(3) WaceLe Roman de Brut.(4) The romance.(5) the second half of the 14th century: Langland, Gawin poet, Chaucer.II. Sir Gawin and Green Knight.1. a general introduction.2. the plot.III. William Langland.1. Life 2. Piers the PlowmanIV. Chaucer1. Life2. Literary Career: three periods(1) French period(2) Italian period(3) master period3. The Canterbury TalesA. The Framework; B. The General Prologue;C. The Tale Proper.4. His Contribution.(1) He introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types.(2) He is the first great poet who wrote in the current English language.(3) The spoken English of the time consisted of several dialects, and Chaucer did much in making the dialect of London the standard for the modern English speech.V. Popular Ballads.VI. Thomas Malory and English ProseVII. The beginning of English Drama.1. Miracle Plays.Miracle play or mystery play is a form of medieval drama that came from dramatization of the liturgy of the Roman Catholic Church. It developed from the 10th to the 16th century, reaching its height in the 15th century. The simple lyric character of the early texts was enlarged by the addition of dialogue and dramatic action. Eventually the performance was moved to the churchyard and the marketplace.2. Morality Plays.A morality play is a play enforcing a moral truth or lesson by means of the speech and action of characters which are personified abstractions figures representing vices and virtues, qualities of the human mind, or abstract conceptions in general.3. Interlude.The interlude, which grew out of the morality, was intended, as its name implies, to be used more as a filler than as the main part of an entertainment. As its best it was short, witty, simple in plot, suited for the diversion of guests at a banquet, or for the relaxation of the audience between the divisions of a serious play. It was essentially an indoors performance, and generally of an aristocratic nature.Chapter 3 English Literature in the RenaissanceI. A Historical BackgroundII. The Overview of the Literature (1485-1660)Printing pressreadershipgrowth of middle classtrade-education for laypeople-centralization of power-intellectual life-exploration-new impetus and direction of literature.Humanism-study of the literature of classical antiquity and reformed education.Literary style-modeled on the ancients.The effect of humanism-the dissemination of the cultivated, clear, and sensible attitude of its classically educated adherents.1. poetryThe first tendency by Sidney and Spenser: ornate, florid, highly figured style.The second tendency by Donne: metaphysical stylecomplexity and ingenuity.The third tendency by Johnson: reaction-Classically pure and restrained style.The fourth tendency by Milton: central Christian and Biblical tradition.2. Dramaa. the native tradition and classical examples.b. the drama stands highest in popular estimation: Marlowe Shakespeare Jonson.3. Prosea. translation of Bible; b. More; c. Bacon.II. English poetry.1. Sir Thomas Wyatt and Henry Howard (courtly makers)(1) Wyatt: introducing sonnets.(2) Howard: introducing sonnets and writing the first blank verse.2. Sir Philip Sidneypoet, critic, prose writer(1) Life: a. English gentleman; b. brilliant and fascinating personality; c. courtier.(2) worksa. Arcadia: pastoral romance;b. Astrophel and Stella (108): sonnet sequence to Penelope Dvereuxplatonic devotion.Petrarchan conceits and original feelings-moving to creativenessbuilding of a narrative story; theme-love originality-act of writing.c. Defense of Poesy: an apology for imaginative literaturebeginning of literary criticism.3. Edmund Spenser(1) life: Cambridge - Sidneys friend - “Areopagus” Ireland - Westminster Abbey.(2) worksa. The Shepherds Calendar: the budding of English poetry in Renaissance.b. Amoretti and Epithalamion: sonnet sequencec. Faerie Queene:l The general end-A romantic and allegorical epicsteps to virtue.l 12 books and 12 virtues: Holiness, temperance, justice and courtesy.l Two-level function: part of the story and part of allegory (symbolic meaning)l Many allusions to classical writers.l Themes: puritanism, nationalism, humanism and Renaissance Neoclassicisma Christian humanist.(3) Spenserian Stanza.III. English Prose1. Thomas More(1) Life: “Renaissance man”, scholar, statesman, theorist, prose writer, diplomat, patron of artsa. learned Greek at Canterbury College, Oxford; b. studies law at Lincoln Inn; c. Lord Chancellor; d. beheaded.(2) Utopia: the first English science fiction.Written in Latin, two parts, the secondplace of nowhere.A philosophical mariner (Raphael Hythloday) tells his voyages in which he discovers a land-Utopia.a. The part one is organized as dialogue with mariner depicting his philosophy.b. The part two is a description of the island kingdom where gold and silver are worn by criminal, religious freedom is total and no one owns anything.c. the nature of the book: attacking the chief political and social evils of his time.d. the book and the Republic: an attempt to describe the Republic in a new way, but it possesses an modern character and the resemblance is in externals.e. it played a key role in the Humanist awakening of the 16th century which moved away from the Medieval otherworldliness towards Renaissance secularism.f. the Utopia(3) the significance.a. it was the first champion of national ideas and national languages; it created a national prose, equally adapted to handling scientific and artistic material.b. a elegant L