英語習(xí)語的理解與翻譯.doc

英語習(xí)語的理解與翻譯 在語言的發(fā)展過程中，人們進過長期的社會實踐提煉出一些固定的短語或短句，這就是習(xí)語(idiom)，也是語言的精華，是人們智慧的結(jié)晶。這里所涉及的習(xí)語從廣義上講，包括俗語colloquialism)，諺語proverb，俚語(slang expression)等。 特點：習(xí)語大多短小精悍、言簡意賅、生動形象、通俗易懂，是廣大人民所喜聞樂見的一種形象化的語言，不僅具有濃郁的民族和地方色彩，還集中體現(xiàn)了語言中的各種修辭手法。 通常采用的四種翻譯方法： 直譯法、直譯加注法、套譯法和意譯法。 一、直譯法 直譯法就是在不違背漢語語言規(guī)范的前提下，盡可能地將英語習(xí)語的民族特點和地方色彩忠實地、形象地體現(xiàn)出來。采用直譯的習(xí)語多半是英語和漢語在習(xí)語的比喻和形象方面基本相同的部分，或者直譯后語言一目了然，不至于產(chǎn)生誤解的。 To add flowers on the brocade To add fuel to the fuel To be mindful of personal gains and losses To be on thin ice To be wild with joy Beyond cure To blow ones own horn To call white black A castle in the air As easy as turning over ones hand To fish in troubled waters To give up halfway To go all out To go through fire and water Heart and soul In broad daylight To kill two birds with one stone Misfortunes never come slightly. To play the lute to a cow Smooth tongue A stony heart Strike while the iron is hot. To turn a blind eye to To turn a deaf ear to Walls have ears. 二、直譯加注法 有些習(xí)語還含有比喻意義、象征意義或是歷史典故等，在翻譯的時候一般要在其后加注進行解釋。但隨著人民教育程度的不斷提高，有些習(xí)語已經(jīng)為人們所熟悉。 Crocodile tears Eden The fifth column Forbidden fruit Hellfire A Judas kiss Olive branch Pandoras box A Sphinxs riddle Solomon Sour grapes Stick and carrot The sword of Damocles The tower of ivory The Trojan horse Watergate Waterloo Wolf in sheeps clothing 三、套譯法 所謂套譯法，是指有些習(xí)語在比喻意義上同漢語習(xí)語基本相似，但在形象或比喻手法上略有不同，這時我們可以套用漢語中相似的習(xí)語來翻譯英語習(xí)語。 To be dead drunk A bolt from the blue A drop in the ocean At sixes and sevens To burn the boat To catch at shadows Every Jack has his Jill By fair means or foul To fish in the air To fly into a rage To hang by a hair To kill the goose that lays the golden eggs To laugh off ones head Look before you leap. To loot a burning house Love me ,love my dog. Man proposes, God disposes. Ones ability falling short of ones wish To rob Peter to pay Paul To show ones colors Six of one and half a dozen of the other To sleep with ones weapon as pillow To spend money like water 四、意譯法 在有些情況下，習(xí)語既不可能也不必要用直譯法保留英語習(xí)語的表達形式，在漢語中也找不到相應(yīng)的習(xí)語可供借鑒，這時候就使用意譯法，結(jié)合上下文把英語習(xí)語的寓意體現(xiàn)出來。 1). Among so many well-dressed and cultured people, the country girl felt like a fish out of water. 同這么多穿著體面而又有教養(yǎng)的人在一起，這位鄉(xiāng)下姑娘感到很不自在。 2). All right, I blame myself. But its the last time. We were cat-paws. Thats all. 得了，怪我自己瞎了眼?？墒俏以僖膊桓闪?。我們上了人家的當(dāng)，沒別的。 3). To break the ice, Ted spoke of his interest in mountain climbing, and they soon had a conversation going. 為了打破沉默，泰德說自己對爬山有興趣，這樣他們很快就交談起來了。 4). The teenagers dont invite Bob to their parties because he is a wet blanket. 青少年不邀請鮑勃參加他們的聚會是因為他是一個令人掃興的人。 5) She was born with a silver spoon in her mouth; she thinks she can do what she likes. 她生長在富貴之家，認(rèn)為凡事都可以隨心所欲。 6). But the die was cast, he could not go back. 但事已至此，不容反悔。 又如： in good fight draw blood hang on somebodys sleeve to rain cats and dogs hit the nail on the head a fly on the wheel rule of thumb to pull the wool over ones eyes to miss the boat in a pigs eyes to the tune of a tall order out of sorts to be full of beans bend an ear to get cold feet a skeleton at the feast bury ones head in the sand to do somebody brown to show the white feather in a pigs whisper to play ones cards well white elephant a soldier of fortune have a bee in ones bonnet to have other fish to fry to hold water to spill the beans to work hand in glove with 五、值得注意的問題 1.英語習(xí)語的譯文并不是唯一的。 如： reap what one has sown be on tenterhooks 2. 英漢兩種語言的習(xí)語中有許多都帶有濃厚的民族色彩，或者包含某些人名和地名。這些習(xí)語在英漢兩種語言中是不能互相替換的。 Two heads are better than one. To carry coals to Newcastle. 3. 英語習(xí)語的翻譯切不可望文生義。 Pull ones leg Move heaven and earth Childs play Eat ones words Dog-eat-dog To go home To wash ones hands 4. 準(zhǔn)確理解英語習(xí)語，弄清褒貶之分。 Its an ill wind that blows nobody good. Birds of a feather flock together. To be hand and glove with. Exercises: 1. be a bad egg 2. be a piece of cake 3. be full of beans 4. be in apple-pie order 5. Butter would not melt in her mouth. 6. One mans meat is another mans poison. 7. the carrot and the stick 8. to bring home the bacon 9. to butter some up 10. to cry over split milk 11. to have a bone to pick with someone. 12. to have a finger in the pie 13. to have ones cake and eat it, too. 14. to know which side ones bread is buttered 15. to put all ones eggs in one basket 16. to sell like hot cakes 17. to stew in ones own juice 18. to take the bread out of ones mouth 19. to teach ones grandmother to suck eggs 20. Too many cooks spoil the broth. 21. The houses stored with food are full of mice, the bodies of gluttons are full of diseases. 22. The mountain has brought forth a mouse. 23. There is neither man nor mouse. 24. Though the enemy seems a mouse, yet watch him like a lion. 25. Burn not your house to r