as和with區(qū)別.doc

1、 with （介詞）的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：一做狀語(yǔ)，二做定語(yǔ)。作狀語(yǔ)：1:with +名詞/代詞，表示隨著.，Times change and we must change with them. 時(shí)代變了,我們也要跟著變。The risk of developing heart disease increases with the number of cigarettes smoked.吸食香煙的數(shù)量越多，患心臟病的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)就越大。Blood pressure decreases with exercise. 血壓隨著鍛煉而降低。With all his abilities, he failed completely. 盡管很有能力,他還是一敗涂地了。2：with +名詞/代詞+非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞（現(xiàn)在分詞/過(guò)去分詞/不定式）作伴隨狀語(yǔ)/原因狀語(yǔ)(1 )with + 名詞/代詞 +V-ing（現(xiàn)在分詞） With prices going up so fast, we cant afford luxuries.由于物價(jià)上漲很快，我們買(mǎi)不起高檔商品。(原因狀語(yǔ))With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的歡呼聲中，他們驅(qū)車(chē)來(lái)到皇宮。(伴隨情況)注：現(xiàn)在分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系，也就是說(shuō)動(dòng)作由with后的名詞或代詞發(fā)出，是主動(dòng)者(2) with + 名詞/代詞 +V-ed（過(guò)去分詞）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling.我在房間坐了一會(huì)兒，眼睛盯著天花板。(伴隨情況)She had to walk home with her bike stolen. 自行車(chē)被偷，她只好步行回家。(原因狀語(yǔ))注：過(guò)去分詞和前面的名詞或代詞是邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系，也就是說(shuō)with后面的賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者，是被動(dòng)的(3) with或without+名詞/代詞 + to do (動(dòng)詞不定式)With no one to talk to, John felt miserable.由于沒(méi)人可以說(shuō)話的人，約翰感到很悲哀。(原因狀語(yǔ))With a lot of work to do, he wasnt allowed to go out.因?yàn)檫€有很多工作要做，他沒(méi)有被允許外出。(原因狀語(yǔ))注：不定式表示將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作?？偨Y(jié)：with加不定式是指將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作, 加分詞是指主動(dòng)或被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，現(xiàn)在分詞是主動(dòng)，過(guò)去分詞是被動(dòng)。作定語(yǔ)：Anyone with its eyes in his head can see its exactly like a rope.任何一個(gè)頭上長(zhǎng)著眼睛的人都能看出它完全像一條繩子。（有著，帶著，修飾限定這個(gè)人）二、as（連詞），可以引導(dǎo)各種狀語(yǔ)從句。1.as用來(lái)引導(dǎo)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句 多用于動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間較短時(shí)，常有“正當(dāng)之時(shí)”之意She fell of the bus as she got down. 表“邊邊”或“隨著”之意時(shí)常用asHe whistled as he rode on.As time went on, he became less active.（主句隨從句變化而變化）2. as引導(dǎo)原因狀語(yǔ)從句表示“由于” ，語(yǔ)氣較弱，較口語(yǔ)化，表明顯的原因或已知的事實(shí)，常放在句首。 As he had been ready for the worst, he was not disappointed at the result.3. as引導(dǎo)讓步狀語(yǔ)從句，表示“盡管”Child as he is ,he knows a lot.盡管他是一個(gè)孩子，他知道的很多。三、as和with的區(qū)別： 只有一個(gè)相同點(diǎn)：as 與with 都可以表示伴隨。但是當(dāng)表達(dá)“隨著”的意思時(shí)，as是個(gè)連詞，而with是個(gè)介詞。結(jié)構(gòu)不同：As主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，主句With 名、代詞 介詞、形容詞，副詞，分詞，不定式也就是說(shuō)：as既然是個(gè)連詞，它后面一定跟的是一個(gè)完整的句子。(因?yàn)檫B詞的作用是連接兩個(gè)句子的，如連接主句和從句，或者兩個(gè)并列的句子，如and和but）而with作為介詞，是不能單獨(dú)作句子成分的, 只能與名詞、代詞及其他復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等在一起，才能在句中充當(dāng)成分。eg. As the production increased by 20 percent, we have had another good harvest year.With the production up by 20 percent, we have had .（as后是個(gè)完整的句子，有主謂賓等主干結(jié)構(gòu)）隨著產(chǎn)量增長(zhǎng)20，.He enjoys listening to music with his eyes closed.他喜歡閉著眼睛聽(tīng)音樂(lè)。（with后是with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)：with+代詞+過(guò)去分詞）With復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)詳見(jiàn)最前面部分一。He came out of the room with his eyes shining. 他走出房間，眼里閃著亮光。 （with+代詞+現(xiàn)在分詞）Dont speak with your mouth full. 嘴里吃東西時(shí)不要講話。(with+名詞+形容詞)Mother looked at me with tears in her eyes. 母親含淚看著我。with獨(dú)立結(jié)構(gòu)的位置可前可后，如： With a lot of work to do, he fel