高中英語(yǔ)模塊7第一單元語(yǔ)法和用法.ppt

Unit1Livingwithtechnology Grammarandusage Transitiveverbsandintransitiveverbs Iwillfinishthejobsoon Peterboughthimadictionary Hefoundhimselfagoodplacetolive Theaccidenthappenedyesterday finish buy find transitiveverbs vt intransitiveverbs vi happen 常見(jiàn)的不及物動(dòng)詞及詞組 come go die appear sit rise apologize belong arrive breakout happen occur takeplace comeabout runout giveout 不及物動(dòng)詞及詞組沒(méi)有被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài) 不及物動(dòng)詞后加上相應(yīng)的介詞時(shí)可加賓語(yǔ) 可以接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 makesbsthbuysbsthdosbsthgetsbsthplaysbsthordersbsthsingsbsthpaysbsth makesthforsbbuysthforsbdosthforsbgetsthforsbplaysthforsbordersthforsbsingsthforsbpaysthforsb 可以接雙賓語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞 givesbsthhandsbsthshowsbsthtellsbsthsendsbsth givesthtosbhandsthtosbshowsthtosbtellsthtosbsendsthtosb return bring write read throw pass promise lend refuse leave 可以接賓補(bǔ)的動(dòng)詞 keep make find leave adj call name make think n see watch hear have none finite Sheapologizedtomeagain Theaccidenthappenedyesterdayevening Pleasehandmethebookoverthere Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem Lead in 英語(yǔ)中按動(dòng)詞后可否直接跟賓語(yǔ) 可把動(dòng)詞分成不及物動(dòng)詞與和及物動(dòng)詞 及物動(dòng)詞 vt 及物動(dòng)詞后必須跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象 即賓語(yǔ) 并且可直接跟賓語(yǔ) 1 主 謂 賓 結(jié)構(gòu) 如 HereachedParisthedaybeforeyesterday Theobjectcanbeanoun apronoun aninfinitive averb ingoranobjectclause 2 主 謂 雙賓 結(jié)構(gòu) 如 Pleasehandmethebookoverthere Thedirectobjectisusuallyanounmostclearlyaffectedoracteduponbytheactionofatransitiveverb Theindirectobjectisusuallyanounorapronounthatreferstotherecipient 類(lèi)似的還有 參見(jiàn)考一本 3 主 謂 賓 賓補(bǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu) 如 Theyaskedmetogofishingwiththem Thecomplementcanbeanoun anadjective anadverb aprepositionalphraseoranon finiteverbwhichrefersbacktotheobject 類(lèi)似的還有 參見(jiàn)考一本 不及物動(dòng)詞 vi 不及物動(dòng)詞后不能直接跟有動(dòng)作的對(duì)象 即賓語(yǔ) 若要跟賓語(yǔ) 必須先在其后加上某個(gè)介詞 如 look 看 即不能直接加賓語(yǔ)Look Sheissinging Lookcarefully Lookatmecarefully 不及物動(dòng)詞后面不跟賓語(yǔ) 只能用 主 謂 結(jié)構(gòu) 如 ThisistheroomwhereIoncelived 類(lèi)似的還有 agree go work listen look come die belong fall exist rise arrive sit fail succeed Morechallengeslieaheadofme Intransitiveverbscanusuallybefollowedbyanadverbial Boredwithlifeinthecity hemovedtoaremotevillageaccessibleonlybyboat Intransitiveverbscanbefollowedbyaprepositionalphrase 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞 其意義不變 如begin都是作 開(kāi)始 講 Everybody ourgamebegins Letusbeginourgame 類(lèi)似的還有 start answer sing close consider insist read learn prepare pay hurt improve 既可以用作及物又可以用作不及物的動(dòng)詞 其意義完全不同 lift作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)指煙霧的 消散 Wesawthemountainwhenthecloudslifted 作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)是 升高 舉起 Heliftedhisglassanddrank 類(lèi)似的還有 beatvi 跳動(dòng)vt 敲 打 growvi 生長(zhǎng)vt 種植playvi 玩耍vt 打 牌 球 演奏smellvi 發(fā)出 氣味 vt 嗅ringvi 電話 鈴 響vt 打電話speakvi 講話vt 說(shuō) 語(yǔ)言 hangvi 懸掛vt 絞死operatevi 動(dòng)手術(shù)vt 操作 需要注意的一點(diǎn)是 少數(shù)不及物動(dòng)詞唯一可跟的賓語(yǔ)是同源賓語(yǔ) 如 Idreamedadreamlastnight 我昨晚做了個(gè)夢(mèng) dealaproblemdealwithaproblem處理問(wèn)題dependsb dependonsb 依靠 依賴(lài) 某人insistdoingsth insistondoingsth 堅(jiān)持要做某事 判斷正誤 誤 dealaproblem正 dealwithaproblem處理問(wèn)題誤 dependsb 正 dependonsb 依靠 依賴(lài) 某人誤 insistdoingsth 正 insistondoingsth 堅(jiān)持要做某事 knockthedoorknockon at thedoor敲門(mén)operatesb operateonsb 為某人做手術(shù)participatesth participateinsth 參加某事refersth refertosth 查閱 參考 某物 判斷正誤 誤 knockthedoor正 knockon at thedoor敲門(mén)誤 operatesb 正 operateonsb 為某人做手術(shù)誤 participatesth 正 participateinsth 參加某事誤 refersth 正 refertosth 查閱 參考 某物 relysb sth relyonsb sth 依靠 依賴(lài) 某人某物replyaletterreplytoaletter回信 判斷正誤 誤 relysb sth 正 relyonsb sth 依靠 依賴(lài) 某人某物誤 replyaletter正 replytoaletter回信 注 在某些其他用法中 以上有的動(dòng)詞也可能及物 如insist reply等動(dòng)詞后可接賓語(yǔ)從句 operate表示 操作 管理 等時(shí)則及物 AReadthefollowingpassageanddecidewhethertheunderlinedverbsaretransitiveorintransitive Writevtifitisatransitiveverborviifitisanintransitiveverb 1 checked vt 2 bought vt 3 sitting vi 4 see vt 5 talked vi 6 turned vi 7 hurts vi 8 suffering vt 9 thought vt 10 smiled vi BChoosethecorrectwordsorphrasestocompletethesentencesbelow answer answerforaHearingthebell Janegotupfromherchairandwentto thedoor bIfyoucontinuetobehavelikethis you llhaveto yourbehaviour answer answerfor 2benefit benefitfromaTheprojecthas thecountryinmanyaspects bItisexpectedthatbothcountrieswill thisaggreement benefited benefitfrom 3decide decideagainstaHaveyou whattodoaftergraduation bTooursurprise they theplanyesterdaywithoutanyexplanation decided decidedagainst 4pay payforaHethankedtherepairmanand himtwentydollars bTo theticketfortheconcert mysisterdecidedtotakeapart timejob paid payfor 5adjust adjustfromaI mafraidwehaveto thedevelopmentofcomputertechnology bThemonitorneedstobe sothateveryonecanreaswhatisonthescreen adjustto adjusted 1 Ifyouwanttosellyourproductyoumust it A advertiseB advertiseforC advertiseonD advertiseto正確答案為A 陷阱 容易誤選B 用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí) 其意為 為 做廣告 登廣告宣傳 用作不及物動(dòng)詞時(shí) 通常后接介詞for 表示 做廣告征求 實(shí)例分析 比較 advertiseforsth sb 登廣告征求或?qū)ふ夷澄锘蚰橙?此時(shí)advertise不及物 advertisesth 為 登廣告 登廣告宣傳 此時(shí)advertise是及物動(dòng)詞 其后要直接跟被宣傳的東西作賓語(yǔ) e g Peopleadvertisethingsthattheywishtosell 人們?yōu)橐u(mài)的東西登廣告 Themanagerwantstoadvertiseforanewsecretary 經(jīng)理想登廣告招聘一位新秘書(shū) 再比較以下用例 advertisejobs登廣告招人advertiseforjobs登廣告求職 2 Nomatterhowmuchyou velearnedandhowhighastandardofeducationyouhavehad youmust thepeopleheartandsoul A serveB serveforC servetoD serveon 陷阱 容易誤選B 即字對(duì)字地翻譯漢語(yǔ)的 全心全意為人民服務(wù) 將其中的 為 譯為for 分析 答案選A serve意為 為 服務(wù) 可直接用作及物動(dòng)詞 其后不能按漢語(yǔ)意思誤加介詞for 請(qǐng)看以下類(lèi)似例子 1 I youyesterday butyouweren tin rangB rangtoC rangwithD rangto答案選A ring可以用作及物動(dòng)詞 表示 給 打電話 故其后不用介詞 2 Neitherofherparentswantedherto hercousin A marryB marrytoC marrywithD marryfor答案選A marry可用作及物或不及物動(dòng)詞 用作及物動(dòng)詞時(shí)它的意思 與 結(jié)婚 后接賓語(yǔ) 無(wú)需用介詞to with等 marrysbget bemarriedtosb 3 HowcanI you Mr Green A contactB contactwithC contacttoD contactfor答案選A contact為及物動(dòng)詞 表示 與 聯(lián)系 其后不接介詞 1 checked vt 2 bought vt 3 sitting vi 4 see vt 5 talked vi 6 turned vi 7 hurts vi 8 suffering vt 9 thought vt 10 smiled vi KeysforPartA 1 aanswerbanswerfor2 abenefitedbbenefitfrom3 adecidedbdecidedagainst4 apaidbpayfor5 aadjusttobadjusted KeysforPartB 真題點(diǎn)擊 1 Thepupil hisrighthand obviouslyhopingto toanswertheteacher squestion A roseriseB raisedriseC roseraiseD raisedraise 解析 raise是及物動(dòng)詞 意思是 舉起 提高 還可以表示 喂養(yǎng)家畜 家禽 照料農(nóng)作物