英語中的停頓和意群簡析.doc

英語中的停頓和意群簡析英語和漢語一樣，人們在朗讀或講話時，為了生動、清楚地表達自己的意思，或作稍微短暫的呼吸換氣，將意思表達完整，往往需要在語言表述的某些地方加以停頓。在英語教學(xué)中常遇到學(xué)生朗讀或講話時對停頓無所措的情況，直接影響著教學(xué)進程和效果。和漢語一樣，講話者不得隨意亂停。若停頓的不是地方，不僅不能準(zhǔn)確的表達意思，而且可能引出許多笑話或誤會來。譬如，漢語中人們常說的這樣一則笑話：“我是總經(jīng)理”、“派來的”。就是因為停頓上的錯誤，讓人誤解，覺得滑稽可笑。中學(xué)階段的應(yīng)試教育模式，強調(diào)的是閱讀理解、語法結(jié)構(gòu)和習(xí)題練習(xí)，往往對會話、讀音重視不夠，致使大學(xué)生不知該在何處停頓換氣，影響英語的學(xué)習(xí)與交流。為此，我們應(yīng)對這個薄弱環(huán)節(jié)予以重視，讓學(xué)生全面掌握英語知識，使學(xué)生的聽說與讀寫譯有機地統(tǒng)一起來，提高學(xué)生的整體英語水平。當(dāng)然，英語學(xué)習(xí)是一個復(fù)雜的語言接受、理解和應(yīng)用的綜合過程，涉及教育學(xué)、心理學(xué)、語音學(xué)、語法學(xué)等方面的知識，我們結(jié)合教學(xué)實際，應(yīng)用有關(guān)理論，就意群在英語停頓中作用問題作一探討。一、 停頓（P）英語語法規(guī)定根據(jù)閱讀或講話句子長短情況，可按意群進行停頓。在同一意群的各個詞之間不能停頓，而應(yīng)一口氣讀完，以便整體意思不致中斷，使人能完整地理解講話人的意圖和目的。例如：did not see Mary / at the party . Changjing is the longest river / in our country . A child begins / to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.注：意群和意群之間并非一定要停頓，根據(jù)情況，有些可停也可不停。例如：上例 就可不停。 did not see Mary at the party . Changjing is the longest river in our country . 上例 也可少停一次。 A child begins to speak / the moment it opens its lips / to utter any acknowledged sound.現(xiàn)已知停頓的規(guī)則，但要準(zhǔn)確地運用還必須弄清楚英語中的意群及其劃分。二、 意群（Sense-groups）。意群指句子可以按照意思和語法結(jié)構(gòu)分為若干段落，每一個段落就稱為一個意群。它是在意思上相對完整，在語法上密切聯(lián)系，不能再分的一個詞組。例如 1 .下列句子可分為兩個意群： We study hard / for our country . There are only two windows / in that room .2.下列句子可分為三個意群： I will be glad / to meet you again / next year. He said / that he would do better / in his English study.3.下列句子可分為四個意群： We worked / with the workers there / and learned a lot / from them. The forest had been green / in the summer / when we had come / into the town.三、 意群的劃分。一般規(guī)則如下：1.冠詞與名詞劃為同一意群。 There is an English novel on the bookshelf. The film we saw last night is very interesting.2.形容詞與名詞劃為一個意群。 Please pass me that red-blue pencil. I have not enough money to buy it.3.系動詞與表語劃為一個意群。 How to go there is a problem. To rise early is his custom.4.介詞短語劃為一個意群。 There are some tall trees in front of the building. Keep him in the dark about the matter.5.動詞不定式短語劃為一個意群。 I refused to believe the evil rumor. Because he is ill , he feels unable to do it to it6分詞短語化為一個意群。 They lived in a room facing the south. A letter posted today will reach him the day after tomorrow.7.動名詞短語劃為一個意群。 Seeing him happy made me happy too. Have you finished correcting the studentspapers?8.動詞及其主語或賓語劃為一個意群。 We can sing a song in EnglishI received a letter from him after a long silence.9.副詞與動詞放在一起劃為一個意群。 He has been working hard since he came here.Now that you are a big boy, you must behave better.10.關(guān)系詞與從句、連詞與其后面部分劃為一個意群。 W should strike while the iron is white hot.Take the medicine before you go to bed. He said that he would come to see you soon. Do you know whose pen it is? She told a story which moved us deeply. We should never pretend to know what we do not know. You can go eithe