英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)大全.doc

句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)一、句子的基本成分句子的基本成分有以下幾種:主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、狀語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)、同位語(yǔ)。1、主語(yǔ):句子的主體，全句述說(shuō)的對(duì)象。一般由名詞、代詞、不定式、動(dòng)名詞或從句擔(dān)當(dāng)，位于句首。The boy needs a pen. Smoking is bad for you.2、謂語(yǔ):說(shuō)明主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。由動(dòng)詞或系動(dòng)詞加表語(yǔ)擔(dān)任，常置于主語(yǔ)后。The train leaves at 6 oclock.She is reading.3、賓語(yǔ):表示動(dòng)作的對(duì)象。一般由名詞或代詞擔(dān)當(dāng)，常置于謂語(yǔ)后。He won the game. He likes playing computer.4、表語(yǔ):用以表述主語(yǔ)的特征、狀態(tài)、身份等。一般由名詞或形容詞擔(dān)任，置于系動(dòng)詞之后。He is a student.We are tired.注意:除了be 系動(dòng)詞外，還有一些動(dòng)詞也可以用作系動(dòng)詞，1)表感官的動(dòng)詞: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, appear, seem 等。2)表轉(zhuǎn)變變化的動(dòng)詞: become, get, grow, turn, go等。3)表延續(xù)的動(dòng)詞: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。5、定語(yǔ):對(duì)名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語(yǔ)或句子。The black bike is mine.(形容詞)The boy in blue is Jim.(介詞短語(yǔ))I have nothing to do today.(動(dòng)詞不定式)注意:1、當(dāng)定語(yǔ)修飾不定代詞如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等時(shí)，定語(yǔ)要放在其后作后置定語(yǔ)。例如: I tell him something interesting. 2、不定式、短語(yǔ)或從句作定語(yǔ)時(shí)，也放在被修飾的名詞之后。例如:The boys who are in the room are playing games.6、狀語(yǔ):用以修飾adj. /v. /adv.及全句，位置靈活。1、修飾形容詞或副詞時(shí)，通常位于被修飾的詞之前;I am very sorry.2、表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、目的的狀語(yǔ)一般位于句子兩頭，強(qiáng)調(diào)時(shí)放在句首。In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.They are writing English in the classroom.3、一些表示不確定時(shí)間(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副詞狀語(yǔ)通常位于be動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞、情態(tài)動(dòng)詞之后，動(dòng)詞之前。We often help him. He is always late for class.7、補(bǔ)語(yǔ):補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的情況。由n./adj./介賓/分詞/不定式等擔(dān)任。常位于賓語(yǔ)后。He made me sad.(形容詞)She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)The war made him a soldier.(名詞)I find him at home.(介詞短語(yǔ))I saw a cat running along the wall.(分詞)8、同位語(yǔ):同位語(yǔ)是句子成分的一種, 它位于名詞、代詞后面, 說(shuō)明它們的性質(zhì)和情況, 它可以由名詞、代詞、名詞性短語(yǔ)或從句充當(dāng)。Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy. I myself will do the experiment.She is the oldest among them six.二、句子的基本分類(lèi)1、按使用目的，句子可分為陳述句、疑問(wèn)句、祈使句和感嘆句。1)陳述句:說(shuō)明一個(gè)事實(shí)或陳述一種看法。例如:Light travels faster than sound. 光比聲傳播速度快。(說(shuō)明事實(shí))The film is rather boring. 這部電影很乏味。(說(shuō)明看法)2)疑問(wèn)句:提出問(wèn)題。有以下四種:a. 一般疑問(wèn)句: Can you finish the work in time?b. 特殊疑問(wèn)句:Where do you live? c. 選擇疑問(wèn)句:Do you want tea or coffee? d. 反意疑問(wèn)句:He doesnt know her, does he? 3)祈使句:提出請(qǐng)求，建議或發(fā)出命令。例如:Dont be nervous! 4)感嘆句:表示說(shuō)話(huà)人驚奇、喜悅、憤怒等情緒。例如:What good news it is!2、按其結(jié)構(gòu)，句子可以分為以下三類(lèi):1)簡(jiǎn)單句:只包含一個(gè)主謂結(jié)構(gòu)句子叫簡(jiǎn)單句。例如:She is fond of collecting stamps. 2)并列句:包含兩個(gè)或兩個(gè)以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的句子叫并列句，句與句之間通常用并列連詞或分號(hào)來(lái)連接。例如:The food was good, but he had little appetite. 3)復(fù)合句:包含一個(gè)主句和一個(gè)或幾個(gè)從句的句子叫復(fù)合句，從句由從屬連詞引導(dǎo)。例如:The film had begun when we got to the cinema.五種句型結(jié)構(gòu)：1.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)；2.主語(yǔ)系動(dòng)詞表語(yǔ)；如：The tree (主) gets（系）green(表).3.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)；如：I (主) like (謂) she (賓). 4.主語(yǔ)謂語(yǔ)間接賓語(yǔ)直接賓語(yǔ).（即雙賓語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)）如：I (