初中八種時(shí)態(tài)詳解.doc

6 初中八種時(shí)態(tài)精講 （一）一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)的語(yǔ)法講解: 1). 當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)，根據(jù)主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)，分別用am,is,are. 肯定句：主+be動(dòng)詞+其它. e.g. I am in Nanyang. 否定句：主+be動(dòng)詞+not+其它. e.g. He is not a teacher. 一般疑問(wèn)句：-Be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其它？ e.g. -Is he a teacher? -Yes, 主+be. / No, 主+be not. -Yes, he is. /No, he isnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be動(dòng)詞+主語(yǔ)+其它？ e.g. Where is he from? What is your name? 2).當(dāng)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)，分以下兩種情況： A. 當(dāng)主語(yǔ)不是單三時(shí)(I, you, they, we, A and B, 復(fù)數(shù))： 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其它. e.g. You like English. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+dont+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其它. e.g. You dont like English. 一般疑問(wèn)句：-Do +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原形+其它？ e.g. -Do you like English? -Yes, 主語(yǔ)+do. /No,主語(yǔ)+dont. -Yes, I do./No, I dont. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+do+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原形+其它？ e.g. Where do you live? What do they want to do? B當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是單三時(shí)（he, she, it,某一個(gè)人，單數(shù)）： 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞單三形式+其它. e.g. He likes English. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+doesnt+動(dòng)詞原形+其它. e.g. He doesnt like English. 一般疑問(wèn)句：-Does +主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原+其它 -Yes, 主語(yǔ)+does. /No,主語(yǔ)+doesnt. e.g. -Does he like English? -Yes, he does./No, he doesnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+does+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原形+其它？ e.g. Where does he live? What does she want to do? (3)常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) always, usually, often, sometimes,never,seldom( 頻度副詞） every week (day, year, month), once a week, twice， on Sundays( 二 ）一般過(guò)去式1、 概念：表示過(guò)去發(fā)生的動(dòng)作、事件、情況，而現(xiàn)在已結(jié)束，也可以表示過(guò)去時(shí)間里經(jīng)常性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，或主語(yǔ)過(guò)去的性格和能力。2、 常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) yesterday ,yesterday morning/afternoon/evening just now剛才in the past過(guò)去the day before yesterday前天 ago短語(yǔ)：a moment ago, an hour ago, three weeks ago, two months ago, 等 in+時(shí)間點(diǎn)：in 2000， in 1995， in 1880 last短語(yǔ)：last week上周/last year去年/last month上個(gè)月/last night昨天晚上一、 記牢下面的表格：謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be動(dòng)詞時(shí)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+其他。如：She was at home last night.You were born on June 7th.否定句：主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent+其他。如：She wasnt at school today.They werent in Nanyang yesterday.一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/Were+主語(yǔ)+其他？ Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were. No,主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent. 如：Were you 12 last year? Yes ,I was. No ,I wasnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+was/were+主語(yǔ)+其他 如：Where were you born? I was born in June.謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞時(shí)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去式+其他（時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)等）。如：He played games yesterday.否定句:主語(yǔ)+實(shí)義動(dòng)詞原形+其他 如：一般疑問(wèn)句：_+主語(yǔ)+_+其他？ 肯定回答:Yes,主語(yǔ)+did. 否定回答：No,主語(yǔ)+didnt.如：Did you sing a song at the party? Yes, I did./ No, I didnt.特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+_+主語(yǔ)+_+其他？ 如：What did Sally do last night?（ 三 ）現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行式1、 概念：表示說(shuō)話時(shí)或現(xiàn)階段正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或存在的狀態(tài)。2、 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：be（is, am, are）+ doing (動(dòng)詞的現(xiàn)在分詞)（be動(dòng)詞要與主語(yǔ)的人稱和數(shù)保持一致）3、 常見的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： now, at the moment, at this time, 還有常見的標(biāo)志詞 look, listen如： Look! She is singing! Listen! She is listening to the music. 4、現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的句式 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 My sister is watching TV now. 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be動(dòng)詞+not+現(xiàn)在分詞+其他 My sister isnt watching TV now. 一般疑問(wèn)句：Be +主語(yǔ)+doing+其他？ Yes，主語(yǔ)+be/No，主語(yǔ)+be+not Are you watching TV now? Yes, I am. / No, Im not. Is she reading books? Yes, she is. / No, she isnt. 特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+Ving+其他？ 常用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的肯定陳述句回答。 What are you doing now? What is he/she doing now? What is KangKang doing now? What are they doing now? What are Wangli and Limei doing now?4、 特殊的現(xiàn)在分詞有（雙寫最后一個(gè)字母）plan, get, shop, run, begin, put, swim, stop , sit(口訣：他計(jì)劃在商店里買了東西后放入游泳池中開始跑，然后停下來(lái)坐下。) 5動(dòng)詞go , come ,leave, fly等可以使用現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)，表示按計(jì)劃將要進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作： Im coming. 我將來(lái)了。 Are you going to Nanyang tomorrow?明天你將去南陽(yáng)嗎？ ( 四）語(yǔ)法精講：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) 1概念：表示過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作，常和表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。 2時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：（1）at 8 oclock yesterday evening at 12 oclock (2)from.to.+yesterday短語(yǔ)（等過(guò)去式時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)） He was watching Tv from 7 to 9 last night. (3)at that time 在那時(shí) at this time yesterday , all day全天 （4）yesterday morning/afternoon/evening. The day before yesterday. Last year/month/week/night 這類時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)既可以用于一般過(guò)去式，也可以用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，要根據(jù)上下文情景判定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)， He was reading a novels last night(昨晚他一直在讀) He read a novel last night,(昨晚他看了一本小說(shuō)) 用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作進(jìn)行的全過(guò)程，用一般過(guò)去式單純說(shuō)明動(dòng)作完成的事實(shí) 3謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的結(jié)構(gòu)：was/were+v.ing(現(xiàn)在分詞) 4過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)句子結(jié)構(gòu) （1）肯定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were +v.ing+其他。（2）否定句：主語(yǔ)+was/were+not+其他。 (3)一般疑問(wèn)句：Was/were+主語(yǔ)+v.ing+ 其他？Yes,主語(yǔ)+was/were No,主語(yǔ)+wasnt/werent (4)特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+一般疑問(wèn)句語(yǔ)序？ What were they playing from 7 to 8 last night? 5過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常用與when,while 引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)從句中 We were playing when our teacher came in.（五）語(yǔ)法重點(diǎn) 一般將來(lái)時(shí)1、 定義：表示將來(lái)某一時(shí)刻的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，或?qū)?lái)某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)經(jīng)常的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。2、 表示將來(lái)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) （1） tomorrow,tomorrow morning/afternoon/evening（ tomorrow短語(yǔ) ） （2） next time,next work/weekend,next year/month/Sunday（next短語(yǔ)） （3）in短語(yǔ):in two minutes,in an hour 在一小時(shí)后，in two days兩天后 （4）soon不久，later,in the future將來(lái) （5）tonight今晚，this afternoon/evening（還未發(fā)生的時(shí)間）3、 結(jié)構(gòu)形式： (1) be going to+動(dòng)詞原型，表示計(jì)劃、打算將來(lái)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作 Eg:We are going to do some cleaning tomorrow. He is going to go swimming next week. 肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be going to+動(dòng)原型+其他 一般疑問(wèn)句：將be動(dòng)詞提前：Be+主語(yǔ)+going to+動(dòng)原型+其他？ Yes,主語(yǔ)+be/no.主語(yǔ)+be+not 否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+going to +動(dòng)原型+其他 Eg:Is Lucy going to go shopping this Sunday?Yes,she is./No,she isnt.Lucy isnt going to go shopping this Sunday(2)will+動(dòng)詞原形，表說(shuō)話人對(duì)將來(lái)的看法，假設(shè)和推測(cè)肯定句：主語(yǔ)+will+動(dòng)原形+其它。Eg:He will go swimming next week.否定句：主語(yǔ)+wont+動(dòng)原形+其它。Eg：He wont go swimming next week.疑問(wèn)句：Will+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)原形+其它。Eg：Will he go swimming next week.(3) Shall+動(dòng)原形（主語(yǔ)只能是第一人稱I，we)肯定句：I/We+shall+動(dòng)原形+其它。否定句:I/We+shall not +動(dòng)原形+其它。一般疑問(wèn)句：Shall I/we go shopping tomorrow?（ 六 ）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)：1概念： 過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，或從過(guò)去已經(jīng)開始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： since,for,in/during the past few/two years, ever, yet, already, recently, over the years(幾年來(lái)，這么多年來(lái))，主（現(xiàn)完）+since +從（一過(guò)）,just（注意和just now的區(qū)別）,so far, till now2基本結(jié)構(gòu)： have/has + done 否定形式： have/has + not +done.3一般疑問(wèn)句： have 或 has+主語(yǔ)+ done .Helen _ in Nanjing for twenty years。（七）、過(guò)去完成時(shí)：概念： 以過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間為標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，在此以前發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或行為，或在過(guò)去某動(dòng)作之前完成的行為，即“過(guò)去的過(guò)去”。時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)： by the end of last year(term, month) ,by+過(guò)去的時(shí)間，主(過(guò)完)+before+從(一過(guò))基本結(jié)構(gòu)： had + done. 否定形式： had + not + done.一般疑問(wèn)句： had 放于句首。They _ in Nanjing by the end of last year.(be)The plane _ off before/when we got to the airport