珍貴資料--高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法總結(jié)歸納--歷年高考真題?？键c(diǎn).doc

11動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和常用習(xí)慣表達(dá)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)是許多省高考的必考內(nèi)容。有時(shí)一個(gè)動(dòng)詞可以跟多個(gè)小品詞構(gòu)成多個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，有時(shí)一個(gè)短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞又有多個(gè)意思。在平時(shí)的學(xué)習(xí)中，我們要有意識(shí)地去積累這方面的知識(shí)，這樣才能使學(xué)習(xí)更高效。掌握好常用的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)和習(xí)慣表達(dá)對(duì)于我們做完形和閱讀的幫助也很大。第1講 常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（一）考點(diǎn)1. break相關(guān)短語(yǔ)break down（機(jī)器、車(chē)輛）停止運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)；（健康、精神）崩潰；（系統(tǒng)、討論等）出問(wèn)題；分解break away打破陳規(guī)，放棄習(xí)慣；奮力掙脫 break out（戰(zhàn)爭(zhēng)、疫情、火災(zāi)等）爆發(fā)break in/into破門(mén)而入break up打碎、分裂；分手 Lets break up the whole into parts. 讓我們化整為零。 You must break away from these old customs. 你們必須破除這些舊風(fēng)俗。 The dog broke away from its owner and ran away. 狗掙脫了主人，跑了。 After a long time of hard work，he almost broke down. 長(zhǎng)時(shí)間艱苦勞動(dòng)之后，他的身體幾乎垮了。 Why did the peace talks break down？為什么和談失敗了？ This matter will break down in water. 這種物質(zhì)在水中會(huì)分解。1. 【2012 陜西】He had to pause from time to time to wipe the sweat from his forehead, because the air-conditioning system _.A. broke in B. broke upC. broke out D. broke down2. 【2013福建】Old-fashioned phones matter when wireless networks _ in disasters.A. turn down B. turn outC. break downD. break out3. 【2009江蘇】 I m surprised to hear that Sue and Paul have _.So am I. They seemed very happy together when I last saw them.A. broken up B. finished upC. divided upD. closed up 4. 【2006遼寧】The computer system_ suddenly while he was searching for information on the Internet. A. broke downB. broke outC. broke upD. broke in5. 【2006廣東】I was still sleeping when the fire_, and then it spread quickly. A. broke outB. put outC. came outD. got out考點(diǎn)2. call相關(guān)短語(yǔ)call at a place拜訪(fǎng)某地call on/upon sb. 拜訪(fǎng)或看望某人call for sth. (sb.)需要，要求；接（某人）、來(lái)?。澄铮缓爸巳?lái)call off叫走，轉(zhuǎn)移開(kāi)；取消，不舉行call on/upon sb. to do sth.號(hào)召某人做某事call up(給)打電話(huà)；想起，回憶起call in收回，召回call out大聲喊 Call your dog off. 把你的狗叫走。 The match was called off because of bad weather. 由于天氣不好，比賽取消了。 This problem calls for careful thought. 這個(gè)問(wèn)題需要好好想一想。 Illcallforyouatseventhisevening.今晚七點(diǎn)我來(lái)接你。 Wecallforthepackageatthepostoffice.我們到郵局去取包裹。 The toy company has decided to call in the defective products all over the world.該玩具公司已決定在全世界范圍內(nèi)召回那些有缺陷的產(chǎn)品。 Theyboycalledoutforhelp. 那個(gè)男孩大聲呼救。6. 【2009福建】The Somali robbed frequent attacks on the sea urged the United Nations to_ all nations to take immediate action.A. fight for B. apply forC. call onD. wait on7. 【2007山東】Its the sort of work that _ a high level of concentration. A. calls for B. makes upC. lies inD. stands for 8. 【2006湖北】As I grew up in a small town at the foot of a mountain, the visit to the village _scenes of my childhood. A. called upB. called forC. called onD. called in考點(diǎn)3. come相關(guān)短語(yǔ)come about發(fā)生（不及物）；（bring about，使發(fā)生，及物）come across 偶然遇到（ meet with和run into也有這個(gè)意思）come along進(jìn)展；一起來(lái)come up with想出（主意或計(jì)劃等）come out（書(shū)、唱片、電影等）出版發(fā)行；（花）開(kāi)放come to oneself蘇醒過(guò)來(lái)（oneself可以省略）come to realize開(kāi)始意識(shí)到come up（在談話(huà)或會(huì)議中）被提及，被討論 Things are coming along fine.事情進(jìn)展順利。 When does their new album come out? 他們的新(答疑qq 329950885)唱片什么時(shí)候發(fā)行？ The subject came up at the meeting yesterday.這個(gè)話(huà)題昨天在會(huì)議上被提及。9. 【2011安徽】If you _ faults but you still want the bicycle, ask the shop assistant to reduce the price.A. come acrossB. care aboutC. look forD. focus upon10. 【2011天津】She _ an old friend of hers yesterday while she was shopping at the department store.A. turned down B. dealt with C. took after D. came across11. 【2013新課標(biāo)】Would you like to _ with us to the film tonight?A. come alongB. come offC. come acrossD. come through12. 【2007江蘇】Have you _ some new ideas?Yeah. Ill tell you later.A. come aboutB. come intoC. come up with D. come out with13. 【2006湖北】Its already 10 oclock I wonder how it _ that she was two hours late on such a short trip. A. came overB. came outC. came aboutD. came up14. 【2005重慶】His idea of having weekly family meals together, which seemed difficult at first, has _ many good changes in their lives.A. got through B. resulted fromC. turned intoD. brought about考點(diǎn)4. cut相關(guān)短語(yǔ)cut down/back減少cut in插話(huà)；（車(chē)從前面突然）插入cut off切斷、終止（供應(yīng)、電話(huà)等）；使與外界隔斷cut up切成碎片 The government has announced plans to cut back on defence spending by 10% next year. 政府已宣布計(jì)劃明年減少防務(wù)開(kāi)支10%。 Im trying to cut down on caffeine. 我在盡力減少咖啡因的服用量。 I was just talking to Jane, when Dave cut in (on us / our conversation). 我正和Jane談話(huà)，這時(shí)Dave突然插話(huà)進(jìn)來(lái)。 Did you see that white car cut in (on us/ in front of us)? 你看到那輛白色的車(chē)突然插入（到我們前面）了嗎？ If this bill is not paid within five days, your gas supply will be cut off. 如果這個(gè)賬單五天內(nèi)不付，你的液化氣供應(yīng)將會(huì)被切斷。 Many villages have been cut off by the heavy snow. 許多村莊因?yàn)榫W(wǎng)搜語(yǔ)法通霸大雪與外面隔斷。 He cut the wood up to build a fire.他把木頭破碎來(lái)生火。15. 【2013陜西】My uncle hasnt been able to quit smoking, but at least he has _.A. cut outB. cut down C. cut up D. cut off16. 【2005湖南】I was just talking to Margot when Jackson _.A. cut inB. cut downC. cut outD. cut up考點(diǎn)5. get相關(guān)短語(yǔ)get along/on（人）相處融洽；（工作）進(jìn)展get down to 開(kāi)始認(rèn)真做某事（to是介詞）get through結(jié)束、完成；成功地聯(lián)絡(luò)；通過(guò)（考試）；渡過(guò)難關(guān)（也常用go through, be through）get away逃脫；離開(kāi)get away with做成某壞事而未被發(fā)覺(jué)或處罰get changed換衣get across使理解，使相信get over戰(zhàn)勝、克服（困難）get together聚會(huì)get to sb.使某人受到影響（cause sb. to suffer or be upset） How are you getting along/on with your job?你的工作進(jìn)展得怎么樣？ She got through her exams without too much trouble.她沒(méi)有遇到太大麻煩就通過(guò)了考試。 I dont know how I got through the first couple of months after Andys death. 我不知道在安迪死后我是怎樣度過(guò)前幾個(gè)月的。 The thief got away in the dark.那個(gè)賊趁著黑暗逃脫了。 If someone commits a murder, he wont get away with it.如果一個(gè)人犯了謀殺罪，他是不會(huì)逃脫懲罰的。 I wanted to come along, but couldnt get away. 我想要一起走，但是走不開(kāi)。 We tried to get our point across, but he just wouldnt listen. 我們盡力想使他理解我們的意思，但他就是不聽(tīng)。 The heat was beginning to get to me, so I went indoors.炎熱開(kāi)始使我感到難受，因此我走進(jìn)屋里。 I know hes annoying, but you shouldnt let him get to you. 我知道他很煩人，但你不應(yīng)當(dāng)讓他影響你。17. 【2010福建】Weve just moved into a bigger house and theres a lot to do. Lets_ it.A. keep up with B. do away withC. get down toD. look forward to18. 【2013天津】I had hoped to take a holiday this year but I wasnt able to _.A. get awayB. drop inC. check out D. hold on19. 【2013江蘇】Team leaders must ensure that all members _ their natural desire to avoid the embarrassment associated with making mistakes.A. get over B. look over C. take over D. come over 20. 【2007湖北】If we can _ our present difficulties, then everything should be all right.A. come acrossB. get overC. come overD. get off21. 【2010浙江】After that, he knew he could _ any emergency by doing what be could to the best of his ability.A. get away withB. get on with C. get through D. get across22. 【2007天津】Hardly could he _ this amount of work in such a short time. A. get through B. get off C. get into D. get down23. 【2009全國(guó)I】(答疑qq 329950885)I tried phoning her office, but I couldnt_.A. get alongB. get on C. get toD. get through 24. 【2008陜西】Its going to rain. Xiao Feng, will you please help me _ the clothes on the line?A. get offB. get backC. get in D. get on25. 【2008四川】I used to quarrel a lot with my parents, but now we_ fine.A. look out B. stay up C. carry on D. get along26. 【2006重慶】How are you managing to do your work without an assistant?Well，I _somehow. A. get alongB. come onC. watch outD. set off27. 【2004全國(guó)I】 Sarah, hurry up. Im afraid you cant have time to _ before the party.A. get changedB. get changeC. get changingD. get to change考點(diǎn)6. give相關(guān)短語(yǔ)give away捐贈(zèng)；泄露（秘密）give in 屈服，投降give out（機(jī)器或身體某部分stop working）停止工作（指人可譯作“筋疲力盡”）；用完、用盡；分發(fā)（作業(yè)、文件、物品）；散布、公布（消息、文件等）give off/out發(fā)出（氣味、熱、光等）give up放棄（后跟動(dòng)名詞） The party was meant to be a surprise, but Sharon gave it away. 本打算這個(gè)派對(duì)秘密準(zhǔn)備，但Sharon卻泄了密。 She thinks no one knows how much she likes him, but her face gave her away! 她認(rèn)為沒(méi)有人知道她多么愛(ài)他，但她的表情卻告訴了我們一切。 All machines gave out eventually.所有的機(jī)器最終都停止了運(yùn)轉(zhuǎn)。 Ourfoodsuppliesgaveout.我們的食物供應(yīng)已經(jīng)用完。 Both the man and the horse gave out after the long ride. 趕了很長(zhǎng)一段路后，人馬俱乏。 The government gave out food to people out of work. 政府向失業(yè)者分發(fā)食品。 They stood there, giving out the leaflets to the passers-by.他們站在那里, 向過(guò)路人散發(fā)傳單。 This milk must be bad, for it is giving off a nasty smell. 牛奶一定變質(zhì)了，因?yàn)樗l(fā)出一種令人惡心的氣味。 The sun gives out light and heat to the earth. 太陽(yáng)向地球發(fā)出光和熱。 Hegaveupteachingonlytwoyearsago. 兩年前他才離開(kāi)教學(xué)工作的。28. 【2008江西】If a person has not had enough sleep, his actions will give him _during the day.A. awayB. upC.in D. back29. 【2007福建】The news of the mayors coming to our school for a visit was _ on the radio yesterday. A. turned outB. found out C. given outD. carried out30. 【2005山東】What shall we use for power when all the oil in the world has _?A. given outB. put outC. held upD. used up考點(diǎn)7. go相關(guān)短語(yǔ)go about著手做某事（begin to do/deal with sth.），后跟動(dòng)名詞；到處走動(dòng)go over復(fù)習(xí)；仔細(xì)察看go off爆炸；（槍、鬧鈴）響go red/ mad/ blind/ hungrygo是系動(dòng)詞，“變得”go ahead (with)開(kāi)始(繼續(xù))做某事go through(法律、計(jì)劃等)通過(guò)，批準(zhǔn)；經(jīng)受（困難）；全面檢查 How can we go about solving this problem? 我們?cè)鯓又纸鉀Q這個(gè)問(wèn)題？ Didnt you hear your alarm clock going off this morning? 你沒(méi)聽(tīng)到你的鬧鐘今天早上響了嗎？ Weve received permission to go ahead with the music festival in spite of opposition from local residents. 盡管當(dāng)?shù)鼐用穹磳?duì)，我們得到允許繼續(xù)舉辦音 樂(lè)節(jié)。 I always go over my revision notes just before I go into an exam. 在考試之前，我總是認(rèn)真復(fù)習(xí)我的復(fù)習(xí)筆記。 You must go over the instructions of how it works before you use the micro-wave oven. 在使用微波爐前要先看看它的使用說(shuō)明。 Im going through my wardrobe and throwing out all the clothes I dont wear any more. 我全面檢查了我的衣柜，網(wǎng)搜語(yǔ)法通霸把我不穿的衣服都拿了出來(lái)。 Remember to go through the pockets before you put those trousers in the washing machine. 在把褲子放進(jìn)洗衣機(jī)之前，記著看一下口袋。31. 【2007安徽】Didnt you have a good time at the party?Of course I did. As a matter of fact, I had such fun that time seemed to _ so quickly. A. go byB. go awayC. go outD. go over32. 【2007江蘇】Do you think that housing price will keep _ in the years to come?Sorry, I have no idea. A. lifting upB. going upC. bringing upD. growing up33. 【2007浙江】Would you please _this form for me to see if Ive filled it in right? A. take offB. look afterC. give upD. go over34. 【2011四川】To get a better grade, you should _the notes again before the test. A. go over B. get over C. turn over D. take over寫(xiě)作專(zhuān)練1. 熟練使用常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（一）(參看P. 227)第2講 常用動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)（二）考點(diǎn)1. look相關(guān)短語(yǔ)look around/about環(huán)視四周look back on sth.回顧(某事)，回想(某事)look down on看不起，瞧不起look forward to期待，盼望（后跟動(dòng)名詞）look up抬頭看；(在書(shū)、字典中)查找；好轉(zhuǎn)look over審閱，檢查（to quickly examine）look sb. over上下打量（某人）look through翻閱，瀏覽（to read sth. quickly ）look into sth.調(diào)查，研究，了解；look into ones eyes直視look out注意，小心（也可用watch out!）look out for留意（try to notice，也可用watch out for, keep an eye out for）look up to sb.欽佩、敬仰某人（look down upon瞧不起）look after照料，照看look on/upon sb. as把某人當(dāng)作看待 I still shudder when I look back on the past. 想起過(guò)去，我仍然不寒而栗。 Things are looking up. 情況在好轉(zhuǎn)。 You shouldnt look down upon the poor. 你不應(yīng)該瞧不起窮人。 The police are looking into the cause of the accident.警方正調(diào)查事故原因。 Look out. Theres a car coming! 當(dāng)心!汽車(chē)來(lái)了! I had a few minutes before the meeting to look over what hed written. 在會(huì)前我有幾分鐘時(shí)間來(lái)快速查看他寫(xiě)的內(nèi)容。 He looked her over and nodded lightly. 他上下打量她，然后微微點(diǎn)了點(diǎn)頭。 We looked on her as a daughter.我們把她當(dāng)作女兒看待。 While shopping here, you must look out for pickpockets.在這里購(gòu)物時(shí)，你一定要留意扒手。 Many fans look up to Yao Ming.許多粉絲都很欽佩姚明。1. 【2011四川】I often _ the words I dont know in the dictionary or on the Internet.A. look upB. look atC. look forD. look into2. 【2009湖北】Would you please _ the paper for me and see if there are any obvious mistakes?A. look aroundB. look intoC. look upD. look through 3. 【2009江西】It is reported that the police will soon _ the case of two missing children.A. look uponB. look afterC. look intoD. look out 4. 【2007全國(guó)I】“Goodbye, then,” she said, without even _ from her book.A. looking downB. looking upC. looking awayD. looking on 5. 【2010安徽】No matter how low you consider yourself , there is always someone _ you wishing they were that high.A. getting rid of B. getting along withC. looking up toD. looking down upon考點(diǎn)2. pay相關(guān)短語(yǔ)pay back償還；報(bào)復(fù)pay off 還清（債務(wù)、欠款）；（付出得到）回報(bào)pay sb. some money for sth.因?yàn)槟澄?事付給某人多少錢(qián)pay down當(dāng)場(chǎng)支付，現(xiàn)金支付 Can you lend me some money? Ill pay you/it back tomorrow. 你能借給我一些錢(qián)嗎？我明天還你。 He swore hed pay her back for all shed done to him. 他發(fā)誓他要為她所做的一切報(bào)復(fù)她。 We should be able to pay off the debt within two years. 我們應(yīng)該兩年內(nèi)能還清債務(wù)。 All her hard work paid off in the end, and she finally passed the exam. 她所有的(答疑qq 329950885)努力最后都得到了回報(bào)，她終于通過(guò)了網(wǎng)搜語(yǔ)法通霸考試。6. 【2012安徽】The athletes years of hard training _ when she finally won the Olympic gold medal.A. went onB. got throughC. paid off D. ended up 7. 【2013新課標(biāo)】The watch was very good, and he _ 20 percent down for it.A. paid B. cost C. bought D. spent考點(diǎn)3. pick相關(guān)短語(yǔ)pick up撿起，拿起去拿某物，去接某人中途搭載乘客（在實(shí)踐中）學(xué)得（語(yǔ)言習(xí)慣等）買(mǎi)（便宜貨），用較少的錢(qián)買(mǎi)到見(jiàn)到、聽(tīng)到、聞到（微弱光、聲音、氣味）（無(wú)線(xiàn)電）接收到（信號(hào)）（中斷后）重新開(kāi)始，繼續(xù)跌倒后站(爬)起來(lái)increase or improve 增加、改善：（風(fēng)）變大，（車(chē)）提速，(生意生產(chǎn)天氣健康等)好轉(zhuǎn) 有起色等pick out(從眾多人、物中)辨認(rèn)出；挑選 I went to pick up the phone/receiver, but it had stopped ringing.我去想拿起電話(huà)聽(tīng)筒，但它已停止響了。 When youre in town, could you pick up the books I ordered? 當(dāng)你在(答疑qq 329950885)鎮(zhèn)上的時(shí)候，請(qǐng)把我訂購(gòu)的書(shū)拿回來(lái)好嗎？ Whose turn is it to pick the children up after school? 該誰(shuí)去接孩子了？ The train stopped several times to pick up passengers. 火車(chē)沿途停了好幾次,讓乘客上車(chē) My friends knew where to pick up a good second-hand bike. 我的朋友知道在哪里可以便宜地買(mǎi)到好的二手自行車(chē) We picked up the harbor lights as we sailed along.我們向前航行時(shí)看見(jiàn)了港口燈塔。 Police dogs picked up the scent（氣味） of the two men from clothes they had left behind. 警犬從那兩個(gè)人丟在后面的衣服上聞到了他們的氣味。 Can you pick up Moscow on your radio? 你的收音機(jī)能收到莫斯科電臺(tái)嗎？ After lunch shall we pick up where we left off yesterday? 午飯后我們從我們昨天停的那個(gè)地方開(kāi)始嗎？ She fell off her bike, but quickly picked herself up. 她從自行車(chē)上摔了下來(lái), 但馬上爬了起來(lái) The truck picked up speed slowly. 卡車(chē)慢慢提速。 The wind always picks up in the evening. 夜晚時(shí)風(fēng)總是變大。 His spirits picked up when he got the good news. 當(dāng)?shù)弥孟⒑?，他精神煥發(fā)。 The economy is finally beginning to pick up again. 經(jīng)濟(jì)終于又開(kāi)始有所好轉(zhuǎn) He picked up nicely after a long careful treat. 經(jīng)過(guò)較長(zhǎng)時(shí)間精心治療后,他的健康恢復(fù)得很好。 It seems as if the weather may pick up soon. 看上去天氣好像很快要放晴了 Let me pick out some good ones for you.讓我來(lái)替你挑幾個(gè)好的。8. 【2012四川】Its surprising that your brother _ Russian so quicklyhe hasnt lived there very long.A. picked up B. looked upC. put upD. made up9. 【2010山東】Sam _some knowledge of the computer just by watching others working on it.A. brought upB. looked upC. picked upD. set up10. 【2007四川】It was so dark in the cinema that I could hardly _ my friend. A. turn outB. bring outC. call out D. pick out考點(diǎn)4. put相關(guān)短語(yǔ)put aside留出（錢(qián)或時(shí)間等）；暫置一邊put sth. away把某物收拾起來(lái)put sth. back放回原處put down鎮(zhèn)壓；寫(xiě)下；放下put forward提出（建議等）put off推遲（后跟動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)）put on穿衣；上演put out 撲滅（火）put up張貼；搭建；舉起；提供臨時(shí)住處put up with忍受 He put aside some money every month for future uses.他每月都留出一部分錢(qián)以備后用。 Lets put our differences aside. 讓我們把我們的異議先擱置一邊。 The proposals that you have put forward deserve serious consideration. 你提出的建議值得認(rèn)真考慮。 Sally is putting me up for the weekend.這個(gè)周末我住Sally家。 I cant put off going to the dentist any longer.我再也不能推遲去看牙醫(yī)了。 Never put off until tomorrow what you can do today. 不要把今天能做的事推到明天做。11. 【2011全國(guó)新課標(biāo)】I can _ the house being untidy, but I hate it if its not clean. A. come up withB. put up withC. turn toD. stick to12. 【2011遼寧】The exam results will be _ on Friday afternoon.A. put downB. put offC. put upD. put away13. 【2013新課標(biāo)I】At the last moment, Tom decided to _ a new character to make the story seem more likely.A. put upB. put inC. put onD. put off14. 【2011浙江】He decided that he would drive all the way home instead of _ at a hotel for the night.A. putting down B. putting offC. putting on D. putting up 15. 【2012新課標(biāo)全國(guó)】Mary is really good at taking notes in class. She can _ almost every word her teacher says.A. put outB. put downC. put away D. put together16. 【2008安徽】Dont be so discouraged. If you _ such feelings, you will do better next time.A. carry on B. get backC. break downD. put away17. 【2004全國(guó)II】The forest guards often find campfires that have not been _ completely.A. turned downB. put outC. put awayD. turned over考點(diǎn)5. set相關(guān)短語(yǔ)set about doing開(kāi)始，著手（to start to do or deal with something, 后跟動(dòng)名詞, 意同go about） set out/off出發(fā)（start a journey）set out to do開(kāi)始做，著手做（to start an activity with a particular aim）set off點(diǎn)燃,引爆set aside留出（時(shí)間、錢(qián)等）；暫置一邊(也可用put aside)set sb. apart使區(qū)別開(kāi)來(lái)set down寫(xiě)入、印入（正式文件中）set up建立（公司、組織、體系等）；組織（會(huì)議、活動(dòng)等）sb. be set up受陷害，中圈套set back推遲；使受挫set/lay the table整理餐桌（to put a cloth, knives and forks, etc. on the table in preparation for a meal）set a record創(chuàng)紀(jì)錄 Ive no idea how to set about changing a tyre on a car. 我不知道怎樣著手換車(chē)上的輪胎。 I tried to apologize, but I think I set about it the wrong way.我盡力想道歉，但是我想我一開(kāi)始方式就錯(cuò)了。 He had some money in an account that hed set aside for his kids. 他賬戶(hù)上有一些錢(qián)，是留出給他孩子用的。 I set aside half an hour every evening to hear Erik read. 我每天晚上留出半小時(shí)時(shí)間