高一定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)題.doc

高一定語(yǔ)從句 語(yǔ)法歸納及練習(xí)一、語(yǔ)法知識(shí)歸納一、基本概念（一） 定語(yǔ)從句在復(fù)合句中作定語(yǔ)，修飾名詞或代詞的從句叫定語(yǔ)從句。（二） 先行詞被定語(yǔ)從句所修飾的名詞或代詞。一般情況下，定語(yǔ)從句緊跟先行詞。但也有因各種原因定語(yǔ)從句與先行詞被分割的現(xiàn)象。（三）關(guān)系代詞和關(guān)系副詞定語(yǔ)從句的引導(dǎo)詞。與先行詞關(guān)系密切，因此緊跟先行詞，并在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)一個(gè)成分。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, which, that和whose, 另外，as也可充當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞。關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)和定語(yǔ)。關(guān)系副詞有：when, where和why。在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)。二、關(guān)系代詞的用法（一）基本用法根據(jù)先行詞的不同，和在從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞植煌?，選用不同的關(guān)系代詞。如下表：關(guān)系詞先行詞從句成分例句備注關(guān)系代詞who人主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)Do you know the man who is talking with your mother?whom, which和that在從句中做賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，常可以省略，但介詞提前時(shí)后面關(guān)系代詞不能省略，也不可以用thatwhom人賓語(yǔ)Mr. Smith is the person with whom I am workingThe boy (whom) she loved died in the war.whose人，物定語(yǔ)I like those books whose topics are about history.The boy whose father works abroad is my classmate. that人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)A plane is a machine that can fly.She is the pop star (that) I want to see very much.which物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)The book (which) I gave you was worth $10.The picture which was about the accident was terrible.as人，物主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)He is such a person as is respected by all of us.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday. as做賓語(yǔ)一般不省略例如：（注意關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中所充當(dāng)?shù)某煞郑?Do you know the professor who/that will give us a speech next week? （作主語(yǔ)） I read a report about his new novel that/ which will soon be published. （作主語(yǔ)） The plan that/which they argued about was settled at last. （作賓語(yǔ)） This is the new secretary (who/whom/that) I would like to introduce to you. （作賓語(yǔ)） The soldier whose legs were badly wounded was operated on without delay. （作定語(yǔ)）注意：關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)時(shí)可以省略，充當(dāng)主語(yǔ)時(shí)則不能。（見(jiàn)上例）（二）關(guān)系代詞that代替which的一些情況which, that 在代替物時(shí)，一般可以通用。但在有些情況下，只用 that。先行詞是最高級(jí)形容詞或它的前面有最高級(jí)形容詞修飾時(shí)。例如： This is the best that has been used against pollution. English is the most difficult subject that you will learn during these years. 先行詞是序數(shù)詞，或它前面有一個(gè)序數(shù)詞時(shí)。例如： This is the last place (that) I want to visit. It is the first American movie of this kind that Ive ever seen. 先行詞是 all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none等代詞時(shí)。例如： You should hand in all that you have. We havent got much that we can offer you. 先行詞前面有the only, the very, any, few, little, no, all, much, every等修飾時(shí)。例如： The only thing that we can do is to give you some money. The little money (that) he had was stolen.（三）宜用who, 而不用that的一些情況 先行詞是one, ones, anyone時(shí)。例如： One who has nothing to fear for oneself dares to tell the truth. Dont tell anyone about the news who oughtnt to know it.先行詞是those時(shí)。例如： Those who were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes made of the magic cloth.（四）其它情況 先行詞既有人又有物時(shí)。例如： Do you know the things and persons that they are talking about? The bike and its rider that had run over an old man were taken to the police station. 主句已有疑問(wèn)詞who 或which時(shí)。例如： Which is the bike that you lost? Who is the woman that was praised at the meeting?（五）與whose有關(guān)的問(wèn)題 whose是代詞的所有格，它既可以代人也可以代物。例如： I saw a woman whose bag was stolen. Please show me the book whose cover is red. 當(dāng)whose表示物與物的所有格關(guān)系時(shí)，亦可用of which的形式。例如： The building whose roof you can see from here is a new restaurant. The building, the roof of which you can see from here, is a new restaurant.或 The building, of which the roof you can see from here is a new restaurant.三、介詞前提的問(wèn)題關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中充當(dāng)介詞賓語(yǔ)時(shí)，介詞可以前提至關(guān)系代詞前。例如：Have you seen the pen (which) I wrote the note with just now? （which作介詞with的賓語(yǔ)）Have you seen the pen with which I wrote the note just now? 但是，要注意的是： 介詞前提后，先行詞是人或物，關(guān)系代詞分別只能用whom和which，而不再用that或who。 介詞前提后，關(guān)系代詞不再能省略。 有些含有介詞的短語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞中的介詞不能前提，如：look for, look after, take care of等。例如：錯(cuò)誤：Who is the old man to that you were talking to?正確：Who is the old man to whom you were talking ? 或 Who is the old man (that/ whom) you were talking to?錯(cuò)誤：These are the sheep of which the boy took care.正確：These are the sheep (which/that) the boy took care of.四、關(guān)系代詞在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的主謂一致關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在人稱和數(shù)上應(yīng)與先行詞一致。例如：Who is the guy that is reading over there?The number of people that are going to the exhibition is expected to be over 25,000.All that needs to be done has been done.He is one of the students who use computer a lot for study.Timmy is the only one of the pupils that has failed the exam.例中的all意為“一切”，作單數(shù)。例中沒(méi)通過(guò)考試的學(xué)生事實(shí)上只有一人，因此謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)。that與which, who, whom的用法區(qū)別：情況用法說(shuō)明例句只用that的情況先行詞為all, everything, anything, nothing, little, much,等不定代詞時(shí)。先行詞被all, any, every, each, much, little, no, some, few等修飾時(shí)先行詞有形容詞最高級(jí)和序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)先行詞既指人又指物時(shí)先行詞被the only, the very修飾時(shí)句中已經(jīng)有who或which時(shí)，為了避免重復(fù)時(shí)1. He told me everything that he knows.2. All the books that you offered have been given out.3. This is the best film that I have ever read.4. We talked about the persons and things that we remembered.5. He is the only man that I want to see.6. Who is the man that is making a speech?只用which, who, whom的情況在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指代物，用who/whom指人在由“介詞+關(guān)系代詞”引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中，只能用which指物，whom指人。先行詞本身是that時(shí)，關(guān)系詞用which, 先行詞為those, one, he時(shí)多用who。1. He has a son, who has gone abroad for further study.2. I like the person to whom the teacher is talking.3. Those who respect others are usually respected by others.（一）限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能用that的幾種情況 1、當(dāng)先行詞是anything, everything, nothing (something 除外), few, all, none, little, some等代詞時(shí)，或者是由every, any, all, some, no, little, few, much，each等修飾時(shí) (1) Have you taken down everything (that) Mr. Li has said? (2) There seems to be nothing (that) seems impossible for him in the world. (3) All that can be done has been done. (4) There is little (that) I can do for you. 注意1：部分時(shí)候that可以省略，如部分例句將that用括號(hào)括住。 注意2：當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who (4) Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing. 2、當(dāng)先行詞被序數(shù)詞修飾 The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3、當(dāng)先行詞被形容詞最高級(jí)修飾時(shí) This is the best film that I have seen. 4、當(dāng)形容詞被the very, the only，the same,the last ,any,little等修飾時(shí) (1) This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned. 當(dāng)先行詞指人時(shí)，偶爾也可以用who (3) Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？ 5、當(dāng)先行詞前面有who, which等疑問(wèn)代詞時(shí) (1) Who is the man that is standing there? (2) Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 6、當(dāng)先行詞既有人，也有動(dòng)物或者物體時(shí) Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 7.當(dāng)關(guān)系代詞在定語(yǔ)從句中做表語(yǔ) The village is no longer the one that it used to be 10 years ago. 8.當(dāng)在there be句型中，通常情況下用that，不用which（二）關(guān)系代詞as和which引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句as和which引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，有相同之處也有不同之處。具體情況是： 1、As和which都可以在定語(yǔ)從句中做主語(yǔ)或者賓語(yǔ)，代表前面整個(gè)句子。 (1) He married her, as/which was natural. (2) He was honest, as/which we can see. 2、as 引導(dǎo)非限制性定語(yǔ)從句，可放在主句之前，或者主句之后，甚至可以切割一個(gè)主句；which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語(yǔ)從句只能放在主句之后。另外，as有“正如，正像”的意思 (1) As is known to all, China is a developing country. (2) He is from the south, as we can see from his accent. (3) John, as you know, is a famous writer. (4) He has been to Paris more than several times, which I dont believe. 注意：當(dāng)主句和從句存在邏輯上的因果關(guān)系時(shí)，常用which。 (5) Tom was always late for school, which made his teacher angry. 3、當(dāng)先行詞受such, the same修飾時(shí)，常用as (1) I have never heard such a story as he tells. (2) He is not such a fool as he looks. (3) This is the same book as I lost last week. 注意：當(dāng)先行詞由the same修飾時(shí)，偶爾也用that引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句，但是和由as所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句意思不同 (4) She wore the same dress that she wore at Marys wedding. 她穿著她在MARY婚禮上穿過(guò)的一條裙子。 (5) She wore the same dress as her young sister wore. 她穿著和她妹妹所穿的一樣的裙子。 注意：定語(yǔ)從句suchas 與結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句such that的區(qū)別：as在所引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中作主語(yǔ)，賓語(yǔ)；that在結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句中不做成分 (6)He has such a good laptop as I want to buy. (7)He has such a good laptop that I want to buy one. (三）以the way為先行詞的定語(yǔ)從句通常由in which, that引導(dǎo)，而且通?？梢允÷?。 The way in which/ that/./ he answered the question was surprising. (四) but有時(shí)也可以做關(guān)系詞引導(dǎo)定語(yǔ)從句 There are very few but understand his idea。 ( but= who dont ) (五) 區(qū)分定語(yǔ)從句和同位語(yǔ)從句 1、定語(yǔ)從句修飾先行詞，它和先行詞是修飾關(guān)系； 同位語(yǔ)從句說(shuō)明先行詞的具體內(nèi)容，是補(bǔ)充說(shuō)明的關(guān)系 (1) The plane that has just taken off is for London. 定語(yǔ)從句 (2) The fact that he has been dead is clear. 同位語(yǔ)從句 2、定語(yǔ)從句由關(guān)系代詞或者關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)，關(guān)系詞在句中充當(dāng)成分，有時(shí)可以省略； 同位語(yǔ)從句主要由that引導(dǎo)，在句中一般不做成分； 句子也可以由when, where, how, why, whether, what等詞引導(dǎo)，充當(dāng)成分 (1) The news he told me is true. (2) The news that he has just died is true. (3) The problem that we are facing now is how we can collect so much money. 定語(yǔ) (4) The problem how we can collect so much money is difficult to solve. 3、 同位語(yǔ)從句和先行詞一般可以用be動(dòng)詞發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子，而定語(yǔ)從句不可以發(fā)展成一個(gè)完整的句子， (1) The idea that we could ask the teacher for advice is wonderful. 同位語(yǔ) (2) The idea was that we could ask the teacher for advice. (3) The fact that the moon moves around the earth is known to all. (4) The fact is that the earth moves around the earth. 定語(yǔ)從句介詞+關(guān)系詞 1）介詞后面的關(guān)系副詞不能省略。 2）that前不能有介詞。 3）某些在從句中充當(dāng)時(shí)間，地點(diǎn)或原因狀語(yǔ)的介詞+關(guān)系詞結(jié)構(gòu)可以同關(guān)系副詞when 和where 互換。例如： This is the house in which I lived two years ago. 這是我兩年前住過(guò)的房子。 This is the house where I lived two years ago. Do you remember the day on which you joined our club？ 還記得你加入我們俱樂(lè)部的那一天嗎？ Do you remember the day when you joined our club？ 9高一定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)(1)1.The place _interested me most was the Childrens Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which 2.Do you know the man _? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke 3.This is the hotel _last month. A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed 4.Do you know the year _the Chinese Communist Party was founded? A. which B. that C. when D. on which 5.That is the day _Ill never forget. A. which B. on which C. in which D. when 6.The factory _well visit next week is not far from here. A. where B. to which C. which D. in which 7.Great changes have taken place in the factory _we are working since then. A. where B. that C. which D. there 8.This is one of the best films _. A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked 9.Can you lend me the book _the other day? A. about which you talked B. which you talked C. about that you talked D. that you talked 10.The pen _he is writing is mine. A.with which B.in which C.on which D.by which 11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of _sat a small boy. A. whom B. who C. which D. that 12.The engineer _my father works is about 50 years old. A.to whom B.on whom C.with which D. with whom 13.It there anyone in your class _family is in the country? A. who B. whos C. which D. whose 14.Im interested in _you have said. A. all that B.all what C. that D. which 15.I want to use the same dictionary _was used yesterday. A. which B. who C. what D. as 16.He isnt such a man _he used to be. A. who B. whom C. that D. as 17.He is good at English, _we all know. A. that B. as C. whom D. what 18.Li Ming, _to the concert enjoyed it very much. A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him 19.I dont like _ as you read. A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels 20.He talked a lot about things and persons _they remembered in the school. A. which B. that C. whom D. what 21.The letter is from my sister, _is working in Beijing. A. which B. that C. whom D. who 22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of _are women. A. them B. which C. whom D. who 23.Youre the only person _Ive ever met _could do it. A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who 24.I lost a book, _I cant remember now. A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that 25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, _Hangzhou is famous in the world. A.for which B.for that C.in which D what 26.I have bought such a watch _ was advertised on TV. A. that B. which C. as D. it 27.I can never forget the day _ we worked together and the day _ we spent together. A.when; which B.which; when C.what; that D.on which; when 28.The way _he looks at problems is wrong. A. which B. whose C. what D./ 29.This is the reason _he didnt come to the meeting. A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which 30.This machine, _for many years, is still working perfectly. A.after which I have looked B. which I have looked after C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after 31.The reason _he didnt come was _he was ill. A. why; that B. that; why C. for that; hat D. for which; what 32.He is working hard, _will make him pass the final exam. A.that B.which C.for which D.who 33.That is not the way _I do it. A./ B.which C.for which D.with which 34.I have two grammars, _are of great use. A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which 35.I want to use the same tools _used in your factory a few days ago. A.as was B. which was C.as were D. which 36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _ was very kind of them. A. who B. which C. that D. it 37.This is the magazine _ I copied the paragraph. A. that B. which C. from that D. from which 38.He is not such a man _ would leave his work half done. A. that B. which C. who D. as 39. You can depend on whatever promise _ he makes. A. / B. why C. when D. whose 40. Smoking, _ is a bad habit, is, however, popular. A. that B. which C. it D. though 41. - Did you ask the guard _ happened? - Yes, he told me all _ he knew. A.what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that 42. I shall never forget those years _ I lived on the farm with the farmers, _ has a great effect on my life. A.when; who B.that; which C. which; that D. when; which 43. The number of the people who _ cars _ increasing. A.owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are 44. During the days _, he worked as a servant at the Browns. A.followed B.following C.to follow D.that followed 45. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _ he could see _ was going on inside house. A. which; what B. through which; what C.through that; what D. what; that47. Is _ some German friends visited last week? A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where 48. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected. A. as B. that C. what D. who 49. I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which 50. All that can be eaten _ eaten up. A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been 高一定語(yǔ)從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí)（2）1. Nearly all the streets are in straight lines, _ from east to west. Those _ run from north to south are called avenues.A. running; that B. run; who C. running; who D. run; that2. This is the case _ hes had all his money stolen.A. when B. where C. that D. on which3. Mr. Smith will pay a visit to Beijing this autumn, _ we will enjoy the Olympic Games in 2008. A. where B. when C. which D. how4. The artist will not paint people or animals but he will paint anything _ .A. that the little girl asks him B. the little girl asks him toC. for the little girl to ask him D. what the little girl asks him5. How did you get in touch with the travel agent, Robin?Oh, thats easy. I surfed the Internet and then called one _ the telephone number is provided.A. which B. in which C. of which D. whose6. October 15 th is my birthday, _ I will never forget.A. when B. that C. what D. which7. The treatment will continue until the patient reaches the point _ he can walk correctly and safely.A. when B. where C. which D. whose8. There are several research centers in China _ a certain disease called Bird Flu is being studied.A. which B. where C. when D. what9. I hope that the little _ I have been able to do does good to them all.A. which B. what C. that D. when10. The time is not far away _ modern communications will become widespread in Chinas vast countryside.A. as B. when C. until D. before11. _ is known to everybody, Taiwan is a part of China. We must unify it.A. It B. As C. Which D. What12. I shall never forget the day _ Shen Zhou V was launched, _ has a great effect on my life.A. when, which B. that, which C. which, that D. when, that13. The bread my wife makes is much better than _ you can buy at a store.A. that which B. one that C. that of which D. this of which14. There is no such place _ you dream of in all this world.A. that B. what C. which D.