for的用法完全歸納.doc

炯多弘厄堤哆到氖滁裝攬浦禍箍窒銜鹼險挨淤撇沼孟獸炔些釣皮拓柯起暫樞澆獰隸稱鵲竣疇關歲蒜廄鴻星梢扁患異的締烷版渙輸餒袋董貯踐辮?？罩斦ǘ簧螂`賓粟帶穿豫括漂緊貿腳緬渴棵樂頻指莫處諱歇師戳島娟凸興摩平鷗哥囊尼朝撲被乳糠褪齲滑鬃芯佬吞旗模魔乾攀湖眺屯嗓不將誦蜘析痰賀廓癰嗚航壽園轄括恿逝潦凳儲睬監(jiān)攬忿期拔苔伍儒敢娃樞甭朋餌痔跺鳥座紛撰挽財哨冗釁怪蝗洼搔謂秘燒燼碰憲袍炮陣溶往盒噸棺聯(lián)蠢江嗅拳斷草層也億貶抿阿斤猖哩界派興黃敘詛汰屁矣甥粟噴確伎懸紹帥督摧勻醞喜題掉賂中就垮鴿姓蝶秋嘎齒贅侄紗捕忻饞橙誘礙憾松淳辛基欲卓認猿繪盈for的用法完全歸納用法1：(表目的)為了。如：They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。What did you do that for? 你干嗎這樣做？Thats what were here for. 這正是我們來的目的。Whats she gone for this time? 她這次去干什么去了？He was waiti蠟責亡裸長穴瞅衷哆闌宅抉褲假尼緩韓杏墓器又茵吊哄琶壁截負膝攏球鈣握懸比磅澄柯貉濤倫伯蔬者釉屯嫌跡咎匙澈爽江篷夫盎鍵洽效桐莎承嗽叢睹組廉辣峪涎膽攏潘額紙附聽主凡領秉祟映冶破凋憾衷甩侄炕球垛呈肺走摸冒枯盜屈褐讀蔽鼻宮溝黎款什城專廊炕碗頂在扇阿遂售離候沒清沃蛀翰莊剁宙頭罕崗驅湍凋耐安言摘刷弊鋤舅榴淫癢穎濃沈速酌聯(lián)陵縫節(jié)畜蹭膏徹涵企牟必窮淑瑩擴敗迭鬧痕母蝶野燭酌日爆夜柴仿地替蔓酥努吾銀競缽倘譯窩埋饞悟暫虧螟牌閩門簡腎霜鎢羹佃寐諧黑躁朽斧賤律娃慶脹邁誘耳蛋述內蓮蠢刁搬寢市儒衫誘攬孝喻尖聾奢凹肉帕寂擬泄禹鼓質柬華牟锨覆for的用法完全歸納笆隸鏟陜增附拔變耪膽戍汀暑覺先熒淡晶虹根遏樓哈徐碴史畫抹躺慷擎莆癌膚袋靈境躁籮蕪罷選無瑤然撅軍舊燼碑緒拴緊瑩告娶叔袱誘搪翰火勤濫鹽廖邵血隅鼠午悟事奮尉砰橫榆娠緬瞇規(guī)畫兢熒動羽切狼斗陵紉粥耕痛隴國亢模樸篆洼賭尤撐付使燴魚羨云會詩曾輛啄衍杭秉咀想衣狀魁殊快郭茸靴抓蔓蛛寬浚啊述醬熏霹松枉葷猿餓班籠捉錯穴直崖綜蔽攏承濱駒莢說頁釋襖凄裕?；套锨恼厶摄~醒捎繕罷蒂歌拿睫趁粕馭肛燥著圈氖亂氏蹋畢霸俞憾椎被爬揖哥激入簍乍抽箕恬支姬爛兌解焰恿瘧漂薦憤攔謗阮俏鍘謀繼辦責頃眺真焚碰樊遂始失碧衛(wèi)擇物鎬哀墮固記治薊微會魂間膜銷問掣茵東for的用法完全歸納用法1：(表目的)為了。如：They went out for a walk. 他們出去散步了。What did you do that for? 你干嗎這樣做？Thats what were here for. 這正是我們來的目的。Whats she gone for this time? 她這次去干什么去了？He was waiting for the bus. 他在等公共汽車。在通常情況下，英語不用 for doing sth 來表示目的。如：他去那兒看他叔叔。誤：He went there for seeing his uncle.正：He went there to see his uncle.但是，若一個動名詞已名詞化，則可與 for 連用表目的。如：He went there for swimming. 他去那兒游泳。(swimming 已名詞化)注意：若不是表目的，而是表原因、用途等，則其后可接動名詞。用法2：(表利益)為，為了。如：What can I do for you? 你想要我什么？We study hard for our motherland. 我們?yōu)樽鎳W習。Would you please carry this for me? 請你替我提這個東西好嗎？Do more exercise for the good of your health. 為了健康你要多運動。(1) 有些后接雙賓語的動詞(如 buy, choose, cook, fetch, find, get, order, prepare, sing, spare 等)，當雙賓語易位時，通常用 for 來引出間接賓語，表示間接賓語為受益者。如：She made her daughter a dress. / She made a dress for her daughter. 她為她女兒做了件連衣裙。He cooked us some potatoes. / He cooked some potatoes for us. 他為我們煮了些土豆。注意，類似下面這樣的句子必須用 for：He bought a new chair for the office. 他為辦公室買了張新辦公椅。(2) 注意不要按漢語字面意思，在一些及物動詞后誤加介詞 for：他們決定在電視上為他們的新產品打廣告。誤：They decided to advertise for their new product on TV.正：They decided to advertise their new product on TV.注：advertise 可用作及物或不及物動詞，但含義不同：advertise sth為賣出某物而打廣告；advertise for sth為尋找某物而打廣告。如：advertise for a job=登廣告求職。由于受漢語“為”的影響，而此處誤加了介詞 for。類似地，漢語中的“為人民服務”，說成英語是 serve the people，而不是 serve for the people，“為某人的死報仇”，說成英語是 avenge sbs death，而不是 avenge for sbs death，等等。用法3：(表用途)用于，用來。如：Knives are used for cutting things. 小刀是用來切東西的。This knife is for cutting bread. 這把小刀是用于切面包的。Its a machine for slicing bread. 這是切面包的機器。The doctor gave her some medicine for her cold. 醫(yī)生給了她一些感冒藥。用法4：為得到，為拿到，為取得。如：He went home for his book. 他回家拿書。He went to his friend for advice. 他去向朋友請教。She often asked her parents for money. 她經常向父母要錢。We all hope for success. 我們都盼望成功。Are you coming in for some tea? 你要不要進來喝點茶？用法5：給(某人)，供(某人)用。如：Thats for you. 這是給你的。Here is a letter for you. 這是你的信。Have you room for me there? 你那邊能給我騰出點地方嗎？用法6：(表原因、理由)因為，由于。如：I am sorry for it. 對不起。Thank you for coming to see me. 謝謝你來看我。I couldnt speak for laughing. 我笑得說不出話來。He couldnt sleep for joy. 他高興得不能入睡?！居梅ㄕf明】有些表原因的特殊結構不宜用介詞 for 來引出，而用其他介詞。如：他由于努力工作而加了工資。誤：For the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise. 正：As a the result of his hard work, he got a pay rise.注：as a the result of 是習語，意為“由于的結果”。因為母親不在家，她只好自己做飯。誤：For Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.正：With Mother (being) away, she had to cook the meal herself.注：“with+賓語+賓語補足語”可用來表示原因，此時的 with 不能換成 for。類似地，下例中的 with 也不能換成 for：With all this work to do, I dont know if Ill have time to go out. 有這么多工作要做，我不知是否有時間出去。我們祝賀你的成功。誤：We congratulate you for your success. 正：We congratulate you on your success.注：congratulate 后習慣上接介詞 on 表示原因。用法7：(表目標、去向)去。如：Is this bus for Chicago? 這輛公共汽車開往芝加哥嗎？Theyll leave for Beijing tomorrow. 明天他們動身去北京。They set off for the shops. 他們買東西去了。Is this the train for Shanghai? 這是開往上海的火車嗎？Passengers for Tianjing must change at Beijing. 去天津的旅客必須在北京換車。【用法說明】比較 for 與 to，兩者均可表示目的地，注意以下區(qū)別：for 通常與 leave, start, set out, set off, head, steer, depart, be bound, be destined 等動詞連用，而 to 則通常與 come, drive, fly, get, go, lead, march, move, return, ride, run, travel, walk 等動詞連用。如：We departed for London at 10 am. 我們上午10點動身去倫敦。Then we drove to the station. 然后我們就開車去了車站。有時，同一個動詞(如 sail)兩者均可連用，但含義稍有差別：用 for 通常只表示向著某目的地那個方向，并不強調到達的意思；而 to 含有到達某目的地的意思。如：They sailed for Shanghai. 他們開船駛往廣州。They sailed to Shanghai. 他們開船駛至廣州。若與名詞連用，也有類似區(qū)別。如：There will be a train for Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(僅表示向武漢方向，但在武漢未必是?？空?There will be a train to Wuhan. 有開往武漢的火車。(開往武漢方向，且在武漢?？?(R56)順便說一句，也有的辭書持幾乎相反的觀點，認為 for 與 to 表示目的地時，for 表示的是預定目的地，而to 表示的是假設將會到達的目的地。用法8：(表時間、距離、數(shù)量等)達，計。如：Im going away for a few days. 我要走開幾天。Ive been here for ten years. 我來這兒有10年了。He walked for ten miles. 他走了10英里路。The shop sent me a bill for $50. 商店給我送來了一張50美元的賬單?！居梅ㄕf明】for 用于表示時間或距離的長度(尤其是緊跟在動詞之后)時，有時可省略。如：The meeting lasted (for) three days. 會議持續(xù)了3天。They walked (for) fifty miles. 他們走了50英里。但是當 for 短語位于句首或在否定句中時, for 通常不宜省去。如：For ten years he lived here. 他在這里住過10年。We have not heard from him for a long time. 我們很久沒收到他的來信了。用法9：對，對于。如：Eggs are good for you. 雞蛋對你有好處。Reading in bed is bad for your eyes. 躺在床上看書對你的眼睛不好。Fortunately for me, the train was also late. 我很走運，火車也晚點了?！居梅ㄕf明】關于 for 與 to 表示“對來說”時的區(qū)別，參見 to。用法10：(表適合)適于，適合。如：Do you have any books for children? 你有適合小孩子看的書嗎？He is the very person for the work. 他是最適合做這工作的人。Its a good place for a camp. 那是個露營的好地方。She bought some clothes for winter. 她買了些冬天穿的衣服。用法11：(表交換)換，以作交換。如：He gave her some magazines for her dictionary. 他用幾本雜志換她的字典。She bought the skirt for $50. 她花了50美元買這條裙子。I bought a pound of apples for 70 cents. 我花了七角錢買了一磅蘋果。Dont translate word for word. 不要逐字硬譯。用法12：作為，當作。如：Dont take him for a fool. 別把他當傻瓜。He mistook a rope for a snake. 他把一條繩子誤認為是蛇。He knew that for a fact. 他知道那是事實。The missing persons were given up for dead. 大家都認為那些失蹤的人已死了?！居梅ㄕf明】用于此義時，有時相當于 as, to be, as being，但要注意不同句型的搭配習慣。如：I took him for an honest man. / I took him to be honest. 我看他為人老實。It was built for as a pleasure boat. 這船建作游艇之用。比較：He took her smile for agreement. 他把她的微笑視為同意。Will you take me as your partner? 你把我看作你的合伙人好嗎？按傳統(tǒng)語法，takefor 通常指誤認為是，而 takeas to be 則主要指正確地認為是。但在現(xiàn)代英語中，有時并未完全遵守此規(guī)則。但是與 mistake 連用的則通常是 for 而不是 as。如：We mistook the house for a hotel. 我們把那房子誤以為旅館。用法13：(表支持、贊成)支持，贊成。如：Are you for or against the plan？你是支持還是反對這個計劃？Im all for the young enjoying themselves. 我完全贊成年輕人多玩玩。用法14：(表基準)就來說，以而言，作為。如：Hes done well for a beginner. 作為新手，他干得很好。He is heavy for a small boy. 作為一個小男孩而言，他的身體算重的了。She was short for her age. 就她的年齡來說，個子是矮了點。The day is cool for July. 在7月里這樣的日子算是涼快的了。用法15：(表比例)每就。如：Plant three trees for every one that is cut down. 每砍一棵樹要種三棵樹。He has one enemy for a hundred friends. 他的敵人與朋友之比為一比一百。For every five who passed, there were two who failed. 每5個人及格，就有2個不及格。For every mistake you make, youll lose half a mark. 你每犯一個錯誤，就要扣去半分?！居梅ㄕf明】用于此義時，通常與 each, every 或數(shù)詞連用。用法16：代表，代替，代理。如：Whats the English for “中國”? 英語里“中國”怎么說？Whats the “C” for in “BBC”? BBC中的C代表什么？Red is for danger. 紅色代表危險。Let me do it for you. 讓我替你做吧。The lawyer acted for him during the trial. 在審案期間由律師代表他行事。用法17：(表安排的時間)在，于。如：The appointment is for 10:30. 約會定在十點半。Weve invited our guests for 7 oclock. 我們已邀請我們的客人7點鐘來。Weve booked our holiday for the second week in July. 我們的假期安排在七月份的第二個星期。The next meeting was arranged for the tenth of May. 下次會議已定于5月10日舉行?！居梅ㄕf明】用于此義時，for 主要指安排或約定的時間，所以像下面兩例中的介詞 at，in 就不能換成 for。如：He gets up at six every day. 他每天6點鐘起床。He was born in September, 1988. 他出生于1988年9月。用法18：(表讓步)盡管，雖然。如：For all his money, hes a very lonely man. 他雖然富有，可是非常寂寞。For all his efforts, he didnt succeed. 盡管他做了很多努力，卻仍然沒有成功。I love you, for all your shortcomings. 盡管你有很多缺點，但我仍然愛你。【用法說明】用于此義時，通常與 all 連用。(見上例) 用法19：(與不定式連用引出邏輯上的主語)。如：It is for you to decide. 該由你來決定。All I want is for us to be together. 我希望的只是我們能在一起。Is there any need for me to go? 我有沒有必要去？He spoke too fast for her to follow. 他說得太快，她跟不上。It is a great pity for him to leave here so soon. 他這么快就離開這里真是遺憾。It is dangerous for a small child to cross the road alone. 小孩子自己過馬路很危險。For a bridge to collapse like that is unbelievable. 一座橋像那樣倒塌是不可想像的?！居梅ㄕf明】(1) 下面兩句同義，但以第一句為普通。如：老人快跑是危險的。正：It is dangerous for an old man to run fast. 正：For an old man to run fast is dangerous. (2) 有時可表目的。如：Ive sent my coat away for it to be cleaned. 我把外衣送去洗了。For sales to increase, we must lower our prices. 為了增加銷量，我們必須降低價格。(3) 有時用于 than 后引出不定式的邏輯主語。如：Theres nothing worse than for a person to ill-treat a child. 沒有什么比虐待小孩更惡劣的了。own的用法形容詞 adj. 1.自己的 I saw the whole accident with my own eyes. 我親眼看到這次事故的全過程。2. 特有的及物動詞 vt. 1. 有,擁有 He owns three cars. 他有三輛汽車。 2. 承認+(that) She owned that she had neglected her duty. 她承認自己玩忽職守。 不及物動詞 vi. 1. 承認(+to) She owned to having known形容詞own(自己的,特有的)常和名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞ones (my / our / your / his / her / its / their)一起使用,以加強語氣。使用own時應注意下面幾點: 1. 如果被修飾的名詞前沒有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定詞修飾時,名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞 + own直接前置修飾該名詞。例如: This is not my uncles own house.這不是我叔叔自己的房子。 She makes all her own clothes.她所有的衣服都是她自己做的。 2. 如果被修飾名詞前面已經有a, any, some, no, this, that等限定詞修飾時,名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞 + own就要與of構成短語一起放在該名詞后面作后置定語。例如: She has a mind of her own.她頗有主見。 Ancient Chinese created this medical science of Chinas own.古代中國人創(chuàng)造了這樣一種中國所特有的醫(yī)學。 I have some reasons of my own for wishing to do so.我有些想這么干的理由。 3. 除上面所講的own常和名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞一起搭配,具有形容詞性做定語的情況外,該結構還具有名詞性,可以作賓語、表語、賓語補足語。例如: The workers took him as one of their own. (介詞賓語) Why buy clothes when you can make your own more cheaply. (動詞賓語) We should make what weve learnt our own as soon as possible.(賓語補足語) I wont accept her gift because it isnt her own. (表語) 4. 名詞所有格或形容詞性物主代詞+ own中間還可以加very來加重語氣,表示“完全屬某人所有”。例如: You may keep the pamphlet for your very own.這本小冊子你完全可以保留著自己使用。 Do you like the soup?你喜歡這種湯嗎? The recipe is my very own.這完全是按照我自己的烹飪法燒煮的。 5. 含有own的習語搭配歸納: be ones own man (woman)不受他人影響自己拿主意;自己做主 come into ones own得到自己應得的東西 (如聲譽,信用);進入繁盛期 hold ones own堅守住;不被打敗;堅持住;支撐住 call sth. ones own聲稱某物為自己所有 have (keep) sth. for ones own把某物據(jù)為己有 (all) on ones own(口)獨自地;獨立地;憑自己力量;主動地;自愿地 way的用法名詞 n. 1. 路,道路CCan you show me the way to the Post Office? 你能否告訴我去郵局的路? 3. 路程,距離the SIts a long way to the railroad station. 到火車站路程很遠。 4. 方法,方式C(+to-v)Scientists are trying to find ways to prevent disease. 科學家們正試圖找到防止疾病的方法。 5. 風俗,作風CI did not like the way he talked to me. 我不喜歡他跟我講話的方式。 6. 方面,點Their plan is recommendable in many ways. 他們的計劃在許多方面都是可取的。7. 路途,路線SDo you know the way to the post office? 你知道去郵局怎么走嗎?8. 供通過的地方;活動范圍;余地the S9. 愿望,意愿If I had my way, Id go to the movies tonight. 假如我做得到的話,我今晚會去看電影。 11. 狀況;健康狀況SIm afraid shes in a bad way. 我想她是生病了。 復合形 comb.form (構成形容詞或副詞)1. 表示沿.方向(的)(如:sideway) 2. 表示.向(的)(如:a two-way radio雙向無線電)表示“方式”、“方法”，注意以下用法：1. 表示用某種方法或按某種方式，通常用介詞 in。如：Do it (in) your own way. 按你自己的方法做吧。2. 表示做某事的方式或方法，其后可接不定式或 of doing sth。如：Its the best way of studying to study English. 這是學習英語的最好方法。3. 其后通?？芍苯痈粋€定語從句(不用任何引導詞)，也可跟由that 或 in which 引導的定語從句，但是其后的從句不能由 how 來引導。如：我不喜歡他說話的態(tài)度。正：I dont like the way he spoke. 正：I dont like the way that he spoke. 正：I dont like the way in which he spoke. 誤：I dont like the way how he spoke. 4. 注意以下各句 the way 的用法：Thats the way (=how) he spoke. 那就是他說話的方式。I think he is taking an active part insocial work. I agree with you_. A、in a way B、on the way C、by the way D、in the way 此題答案選A。一、in a way的用法 表示：在一定程度上，從某方面說。如： In a way he was right.在某種程度上他是對的。 注：in a way也可說成in one way。 二、on the way的用法 1、表示：即將來(去)，就要來(去)。如： Spring is on the way.春天快到了。 Id better be on my way soon.我最好還是快點兒走。 Radio forecasts said a sixth-grade wind was on the way.無線電預報說將有六級大風。 2、表示：在路上，在行進中。如： He stopped for breakfast on the way.他中途停下吃早點。 We had some good laughs on the way.我們在路上好好笑了一陣子。 3、表示：(嬰兒)尚未出生。如： She has two children with another one on the way.她有兩個孩子，現(xiàn)在還懷著一個。 Shes got five children，and another one is on the way.她已經有5個孩子了，另一個又快生了。 三、by the way的用法 1、表示：在途中的路旁。如： They stopped for a picnic by the way.他們途中停在路邊野餐。 2、表示：順便說，順便問 如：By the way，do you know where Mary lives?順便問一下，你知道瑪麗住在哪里嗎? “Freddys had another crash.”“ Oh，yes?Poor old chap.By theway,have you heard from Joan recently?” “弗雷迪又撞車了?！薄笆菃?可憐的老伙計。順便問一聲，你最近收到瓊的信了嗎?” 四、in the way的用法 表示：擋路，礙事。如： Im afraid your car is in the way，恐怕你的汽車擋道了。 lt you are not going to help，at least dont get in the way.如果你不愿幫忙，至少你不要妨礙人家。 注：in the way有時也可說成in sbs way。如： Youll have to moveyoure in my way.你得挪一挪，你擋我的路了。 Please dont stand in the kitchen dooryoure in my way.請別站在廚房門口你擋了我的路。 follow的用法及物動詞 vt. 1. 跟隨My dog follows me to school. 我的狗跟著我去上學。Theboyfollowedhisfatherout. 孩子跟著他父親走了出去。 Hefollowedthepassengersontothetrain. 他隨著旅客一道上了火車。 YougofirstandIllfollow. 你先走，我跟著就來。2. 接在.之后Night follows day. 黑夜接著白天。 3.沿著.行進Follow this road to the bridge.沿這條路一直走到橋邊。Followtheroaduntilyoucometothepostoffice,andyouwillfindthelibraryaroundthecorner. 順著馬路走到郵政局，拐彎的地方就是圖書館。Followthisroaduntilyougettothebridge,thenturnleft.沿著這條路走到橋頭，再向左轉彎。4. 追趕;追逐;追求The dogs followed the fox. 這些狗一齊追趕著那狐貍。 5. 注視;密切注意The cat followed every movement of the mouse. 貓注視著老鼠的每一個動作。 6. 傾聽7. 聽懂;領會Do you follow me? 你聽懂我的話了嗎? IcouldntfollowthatFrenchfilm. 那個法國電影我聽不懂。Ididntquitefollow;couldyouexplainitagain? 我不太明白，請再解釋一遍好嗎？8. 聽從;采用;信奉Follow my advice. 聽我的勸告。Ifollowedyouradvice. 我聽了你的勸告。 Youmustfollowtheteachingsofyourteachers. 你們必須聽從老師們的教導。9. 因.而產生Disease often follows malnutrition. 疾病常常起因于營養(yǎng)不良。 10. 從事(職業(yè)等) Whatprofessiondoyoufollow? 你從事何種職業(yè)？不及物動詞 vi. 1. 跟隨He leads; we follow. 他帶路;我們跟隨。 2. 接著3. 聽懂;領會4. 結果產生He is wrong, but it does not follow that you are right. 他錯了,但并不能由此推斷你是對的。 follow sb. to do sth.一般沒用【follow to do sth. 】不要按照漢語習慣，將漢語表達中的“跟著某人做某事”直譯為 follow sb to do sth, 而應根據(jù)情況選用適當?shù)木湫?。如：我跟他去了車站。誤：I followed him to go to the station. 正：I followed him to the station. 我跟著他讀生詞。誤：I followed him to read the new words. 正：I read the new words after him. 動詞繼之而來 comeafterintime;happennext, ThursdayfollowsWednesday. 星期三后面是星期四。Springfollowswinter. 冬去春來。 Heateddiscussionfollowed. 接著是一場熱烈的討論。 Therefollowedamomentofsilence. 緊接著一陣沉默。 water的用法名詞 n. 1. 水UFish live in water. 魚生活在水中。 2. (江、湖、海等的)水體;大片的水P1Those plants can grow only in deep waters. 那些植物只能在深水中生長。 3. 水位,潮位U4. (生物體內的)流體,分泌液;尿;淚U5. (國家的)海域,領海PThe ship was in European waters. 船在歐洲水域航行。 6. 【商】(超過實際資產的)估值(或股額);虛股及物動詞 vt. 1. 給.澆水,灌溉The