高三 高中英語特殊句式.doc

精品文檔個 性 化 教 案學科： 高中英語課時計劃： 2 課時年級： 高三課題：高中英語特殊句式學生姓名：教師姓名： 陳 莉教學目標高中英語特殊句式的掌握；教學重點理解和運用各種特殊句式。教學難點理解和運用各種特殊句式。授課類型復習總結歸納課教學過程教師活動一、復習預習通過課后練習的檢查和評講檢測學生上次課的理解掌握和復習情況二、知識講解高中英語特殊句式特殊句式包含：1、 倒裝句2、 強調句3、 省略句4、 插入語5、 分隔句式6、 祈使句七、there be 句型一、倒裝句倒裝語序，分全部倒裝和部分倒裝。全部倒裝是把全部謂語放在主語之前，部分倒裝是把助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、be動詞放在主語之前。全部倒裝（.5作為了解）1. there be 句型：可以用在這類句型中的動詞除be外,還可用 live，happen，exist，remain，stand等等作這類句型的謂語。There are many students in the classroom.Long ，long ago there lived a king who loved horses very much.2. Here/There/Nowvi.（常為come, go）主語（必須是名詞）比較：Here you are ! 此句型中here/there用來喚起注意意思是“喂，注意了”。Here comes Mary. I can see Mary coming.瑪麗來了。There goes the bell. 鈴響了。I can hear the bell ringing.Here comes the bus.汽車來了。3. then引起謂語為 come，follow的句子。Then came a new difficulty. 然后產生了一個新的困難。Then followed eight years of the Anti Japanese War.接著是八年抗戰(zhàn)。4. 直接引語中間或后面，表示某人說這意思的插入語（特別是謂語較短時）。“They must be in the fields now,” thought Xiao Lin.“他們準是下地了?！毙×窒氲??！癏elp! Help!” cried the little girl.小姑娘叫道：“救命！救命！”如果主語不比謂語長，或是它后面有賓語，主語就仍然多放在前面。“Take your seats，gentlemen,” Wilson shouted.威爾遜嚷道：“先生們坐好?！?“That man is a famous star,” Xiao Yang told me in a whisper.小楊低聲告訴我說：“那個人是著名的電影明星。”5. 一般疑問句，特殊疑問句，將助動詞放在謂語動詞前面； 無需倒裝的特殊 疑問句：對主要進行提問；特殊疑問句用在賓語從句中。 Where are you from? Who helped you clean the classroom?I dont know when the meeting will be held.6. out，in，up, down，away之類的副詞作狀語放在句首，主語比較長，也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞，謂語為不及物動詞come， go，run , rush，etc。句式為：副詞vi.主語（必須是名詞）。Out rushed the tiger from among the bushes.老虎從灌木叢里沖了出來。In came the rose fragrance through the windows.玫瑰花香透過窗戶飄了進來。比較：如果主語是人稱代詞時，不倒裝。The child walked quietly to the bird, away it flew into the forest when he was about to catch it .7. 介詞短語作狀語放在句首，謂語為不及物動詞，主語比較長，也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為：介詞短語vi.主語（必須是名詞）。In the middle of our school stands a high building.在學校中央有一座高樓。8. 表語放在句首，表語常為形容詞、分詞、副詞、介詞短語。要求主語比較長，也就是說主語不能是很短的人稱代詞。句式為：表語系動詞主語（必須是名詞）。On the both sides of the street are beautiful flowers.街道兩旁有美麗的花。South of city are two big lakes.城市的兩邊有兩個大湖。9. 在so.that從句中，如果soadj./adv.放在句首，其主句要倒裝。 such 、to such +名詞放在句首，其主句要倒裝。So loudly did he speak that everyone could hear him.他講話聲音足夠大，以至于每個人都能聽得見。 Such was Einstein a simple but great scientist.這就是愛因斯坦，一位簡樸而又偉大的科學家 To such length did he told the story that all of us began to fell sleepy.部分倒裝（高考考點）1、由as、though、that、引導讓步狀語從句要用部分倒裝或前置2、含有否定意義的副詞、連接詞放在句首引起的部分倒裝3、 “so（nor, neither）+助動詞 + 主語”與“so（nor, neither）+主語+助動詞”之間的區(qū)別以及與“ so + 主語+ 助動詞”的句式區(qū)別4、省略if的虛擬條件句以had / were / should開頭引起的部分倒裝5、not until 置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒裝6、only 短語置于句首引起的部分倒裝1、由as、though、that、引導讓步狀語從句要用部分倒裝或前置，主語是代詞時不倒裝。句式為：表語/狀語/動詞原形as主語其他。Clever as he is，he does nt study well.雖然他很聰明，但他學習不好。Child as he is， he knows a lot.雖然他是個孩子，但他懂得不少事情。注意：表語前的名詞無形容詞修飾時冠詞要省略Much as I like it，I wont buy it.雖然我非常喜歡它，但我不買。Try as she might, she failed.雖然她試過了，但還是失敗了。=Although she try as she can, she failed .2、含有否定意義的副詞、連接詞放在 句首 引起的 部分倒裝表示否定的副詞 never，nor，neither,表示半否定意義的副詞 hardly，few，seldom，little，含有no和not的詞組 by no means（決不），in no time（很快），at no time（在任何時候都不），（在任何情況下都不）not until，not only.but also，no sooner.thanhardly.when/scarcely.when。倒裝結構：“否定詞助動詞/情態(tài)動詞主語其他”，注意復合句倒裝的是主句。Never have I been in this city.我從沒到過這座城市。Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted.直到我參加了工作我才意識到我浪費了多少時間。3、“so（nor, neither）+助動詞 + 主語”“so助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞主語”表示前面敘述的情況也適合于另一個人或物，意為“也，同樣，也如此”。“neither/nor助動詞/情態(tài)動詞/系動詞主語” 表示前面敘述的否定情況也適合于另一個人或物。注意:1 當so表示對前句內容的肯定、符合，或進一步強調前面所說的情況，或者贊同前面的說法時，應用自然語序。意為 “的確，正是”。Tom works hard.湯姆工作很賣力。So he does and so do you.的確如此，你也是。2）倒裝部分的助動詞、情態(tài)動詞、連系動詞的時態(tài)和形式要與前句相一致。If you dont go，neither/nor shall I.（If you dont go，I shall not go.）你不去，我也不去。注意：表示前面的多種情況也適合于另一人或物，或者既有肯定又有否定情況或涉及到不同類型的動詞時可用：It is the same with sth./sb.或 So it is with sth./sb.句型。She does well in English，but is poor in maths.So it is with Lucy.她英語學得好，但數學學的差，露茜也是如此。4、省略if的虛擬條件句以had / were / should開頭引起的部分倒裝如果虛擬條件句的謂語含有were，should ，were可以把if省略而將這三個詞放于條件句主語前構成倒裝。If it hadnt been for their help，we couldnt have finished the work on time.Hadnt it been for their help，we couldnt have finished the work on time.要不是由于他們的幫助，我們不可能按時完成那項工作。1、 在not until ，hardlywhen，no soonerthan置于句首引起后面句子的部分倒裝主句須部分倒裝。Hardly had he arrived when it began to snow他一到，天就下起雪來了。6、only 短語置于句首引起的部分倒裝“only副詞/ 介詞短語/ 狀語從句”開頭的句子。Only then did I realize the importance of English.直到那時我才意識到英語的重要性。Only in this way can you make progress in your English.只有通過這種方式你學英語才會取得進步。注意：）在only狀語從句主句結構中，主句用倒裝結構但從句用正常語序。）only修飾主語，不倒裝。Only Tom knows the answer.只有湯姆知道答案。7、頻度副詞及短語often，always，now and then ，many a time ，every other day等放在句首時有時也倒裝。Many a time has he come to comfort me.他來安慰了我好多次。Often did he warn them not to do so.他經常告誡他們不要那樣去做。8、某些表示祝愿句子也用倒狀語序。May you succeed.祝你成功！Long live the Communist Party of China!中國共產黨萬歲！二、強調句強調句是為了對一定語境下的部分內容進行突出而采用的一種修辭手段。1、陳述句的強調句型：It is/ was + 被強調部分（主、賓、狀）+ that/ who（當強調主語且主語指人）+ 其它部分強調句的否定句形式為：It is / was not + 被強調部分+ that / who . 2、一般疑問句的強調句型：同上，只是把is/ was提到it前面。3、特殊疑問句的強調句型：被強調部分（通常是疑問代詞或疑問副詞）+ is/ was + it + that/ who + 其它部分？When and where was it that you were born?4、注意：構成強調句的it本身沒有詞義；強調句中的連接詞一般只用that, who，即使在強調時間狀語和地點狀語時也如此，that, who不可省略；強調句中的時態(tài)只用兩種，一般現在時和一般過去時。原句謂語動詞是一般過去時、過去完成時和過去進行時，用It was ，其余的時態(tài)用It is 。5、not until 句型的強調句句型為：It is/ was not until + 被強調部分 + that + 其它部分普通句：He didnt go to bed until/ till his wife came back.強調句：It was not until his wife came back that he went to bed.注意：此句型只用until，不用till。但如果不是強調句型，till, until可通用；因為句型中It is/ was not 已經是否定句了，that后面的從句要用肯定句，切勿再用否定句了。6、It is/ was that 結構不能強調謂語，需要強調謂語時，用助動詞do/ does或did。 He did write to you last week. 上周他確實給你寫了信。 Do be careful when you cross the street. 過馬路時，務必（千萬）要小心??！注意：此種強調只用do/ does和did ，沒有別的形式；后面的謂語動詞用原形。三、省略句省略是為了使句子更簡潔，同時又不影響句子意義的表達。一、功能詞的省略1、冠詞的省略 a) 兩個并列的名詞前面，第二個可以省略注意：如果省去冠詞會誤會為一個人則不省略。b) 家庭成員后面列舉的可以省略 c) 表示獨一無二的職位前，這個職業(yè)不具體指只是某個人前的冠詞，比如總統(tǒng)，主席2、介詞的省略 have difficulty / problem / trouble+（in）+ving spend （in）+ving there is no use / sense / point +（in）+ v-ing stop / prevent （from）+ v-ing be busy +（in）+ving end up +(by) +ving take turns (at ) +ving have a good / great /fun /hard / time +（in）+ving3、連詞的省略：not (only)but(also); that 定語從句，等二、.句子成分的省略1.可省略主語和謂語。A word about your composition.我現在談一下你的作文。(省略了Ill say.)Though tired，he was not disheartened.他雖然累了，但沒有泄氣。(省略了he was.)2.可省去從句。You have done better this time.這一次你做得好些了。(省去從句than you did before)3.可用不定式to，省去前面提到的謂語動詞。Jack didnt pass the driving test，but he still hope to.(to后省去了pass)杰克沒有通過駕駛證考試，但他仍希望能通過。4.可用so，not省略前面提到的事，表肯定與否定。Do you think its going to rain over the weekend?你認為周末會下雨嗎？I believe not/I believe so.我想不會/我想會的。(即I dont believe its going to rain)5.根據不同語境可省略不同成分。如：only if，If only，what so ever， in case三、句子的省略1、特殊疑問句的省略。Where to?去哪里？(=Where are you going to?)What for?為什么？(例如：What do you come here for?你來這里干什么？)Why not do it?為什么不做那件事呢？(=Why dont you do it?)How/What about(sb)doing sth.?做某事怎么樣？2、比較從句中的省略I love classic music more than (I like)rock and roll.He is no longer so shy as (he was) before.3、在時間狀語和條件狀語從句中的省略While (I was) on the street, I came across a friend of mine.If (you are) offered help, never forget to say “Thank you!”If (it is) possible, I would like to go there tomorrow.4、在其他狀語從句中的省略I wont go there unless (I am) invited. Things have turned out just as (they were) expected. How beautiful ( it is)!5、在并列從句中的省略The girls are very hard-working; the boys (are very hard-working) too.The news made some people happy, but (it made) some (other people) sad. 6、命令和請求No talking！Silent, everybody!7、特定問題的回答Where have you been?(Ive been) Out.Have you been waiting long?(Ive been waiting for) About an hour.8、.簡略的提問句Tom, go and water the flowers.Why (do you make) me (water the flowers)?四、插入語插入語是為了使語言更具有說服力或者準確，相當于進一步補充說明。他們在結構上與基本局不發(fā)生一致、支配、附加等語法關系。通常與句中其它部分沒有語法上的聯系，將它刪掉之后，句子結構仍然完整。插入語在句中有時是對一句話的一些附加解釋、說明或總結；有時表達說話者的態(tài)度和看法；有時起強調的作用；有時是為了引起對方的注意；還可以起轉移話題或說明事由的作用；也可以承上啟下，使句子銜接得更緊密一些。掌握這一語言現象不僅有利于對英語句子等的理解，還有利于提高寫作等的水平。插入語的類型較多，常見的如下幾種：一、形容詞（短語）作插入語：true，wonderful，excellent，strange to say，most important of all， sure enough二、副詞（短語）作插入語：indeed，surely，still，otherwise，certainly，however，generally， personally，honestly，fortunately，luckily，though，besides，exactly，perhaps，maybe，probably，frankly，or rather三、介詞短語作插入語：in fact，in ones opinion，in general，in a word，in other words，in a few words，of course，by the way，as a result，for example，on the contrary，on the other hand，to ones surprise，in short，as a matter of fact，in conclusion，in brief四、V-ing（短語）作插入語：generally speaking，strictly speaking，judging from by，talking of， considering五、不定式短語作插入語：to be frank， to be honest， to be sure， to tell you the truth，to make matters worse， to sum up， to start with， to begin with六、句子（陳述句和一般疑問句）：I think / hope / guess / know / believe / suppose， I am sure （我可以肯定地說）， that is （ to say ）（也就是說）， it seems （看來是）， as I see it （照我看來）， whats more， whats worse， what is important / serious （重要 / 嚴重的是）， Im afraid （恐怕） ， it is said （據說）， as we all know （眾所周知）插入句獨立性強，一般用標點符號將其與其他句子成分隔開。應當特別注意疑問句的插入句，它一般為倒裝語序且無任何標點符號，而且整個疑問句應當保持陳述語序。（ 1 ） What should I do first？ What do you think I should do first？ （被插入的疑問句原來為倒裝語序，插入后成為陳述語序）（ 2 ） Who is singing？ Who do you think is singing？ （被插入的疑問句原來就是陳述語序，不需要做調整）五、分隔句式1.定語從句對主謂結構的分隔The country life he was used to _ greatly since the opening policy.A. changed B. has changed C. changing D. having changed分析：句中 he was used to 為定語從句，修飾先行詞即主句的主語，而不能對其后的謂語起任何作用，因此整個句子缺少謂語動詞，故答案為B.2.定語從句對賓補結構的分隔。Mr. Green was disappointed to see the washing machine she had had _ went wrong again.A. repaired B. it repaired C. repairing D. to be repaired分析：該題考查have sth. done 結構。解此題的難點在于定語從句(that which) she had had repaired 把賓語與賓補分隔開來。that which 在從句中作賓語被省略了，repaired 作賓語補足語。所以選A.3. 定語從句對賓語、定語或狀語的分隔。Can you tell me the way you thought of _ the problem? A. working at B. to work out C. to work for D. working out分析：此題考查的是雙層定語。即you thought of 為限制性定語從句，to work out the problem 為后置定語，這兩部分都用來限制賓語the way .正確答案為B。4. 定語從句對強調句的分隔It is near the place _ there is a bomb _ we found the dead man. A. where; where B. where ; that C. that ; where D. that; that分析：該題考查的是含定語從句的強調結構。where there is bomb 是定語從句，故正確的答案為B。5. 定語從句對獨立結構的分隔。With everything she needed _ , she went home happily .to buy B. buying C. bought D. buy分析：該題考查with復合結構的用法，其中定語從句(that) she needed 的使用極容易造成錯選。正確答案為C。六、祈使句 高考考點： （一）. 祈使句的反意疑問句1. 祈使句為肯定句式，其反意疑問句表示請求時，通常用will you；表示邀請、勸說時，用wont you。例如：Be sure to write to us, will you?你一定要給我們寫信，好嗎？Come to have dinner with us this evening, wont you?今晚來和我們一起吃飯，好嗎？2. 祈使句為否定句式，其反意疑問句通常只用will you。例如：Dont smoke in the meeting room, will you?不要在會議室抽煙，好嗎？3. Let開頭的祈使句構成反意疑問句時，除Lets用shall we外，其他均用will you。例如：Let the boy go first, will you?讓個那男孩先走，好嗎？Lets take a walk after supper, shall we?晚飯后我們去散步，好嗎？（二） 祈使句的回答祈使句的動作通常是表示將來發(fā)生的動作，所以回答祈使句時，一般用will或wont。在回答具有否定意義的祈使句時，要注意兩點：一是“形式一致”，即Yes與will保持一致；No與wont保持一致。二是“意思相反”，即Yes是“不”的意思；No是“是”的意思。在回答時，要注意分析上下文語境中所提供的條件。例如：- Dont go out, please. Its raining heavily outside.請不要出去。外面雨下得很大。- Yes, I will. I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行，我得去機場接我弟弟。（3） 祈使句與陳述句的并列使用1、考查“祈使句+and/then+陳述句”結構。該結構相當于一個if引導的肯定的條件狀語從句。如：Work hard，and/then youll be successful in time.(=If you work hard, youll be successful in time.)Leave it with me and I will see what I can do.2、考查“祈使句+or+陳述句”結構。該結構相當于一個if引導的否定的條件狀語從句。如：Hurry up，or youll miss the bus.(=If you dont hurry up, youll miss the bus.)（四）祈使句與條件狀語從句的連用祈使句與條件狀語從句連用時，條件狀語從句可置于祈使句前或后。例如：Tell him to make a phone call to me if he comes here tomorrow.如果他明天來這兒的話，叫他給我來個電話。（五）特殊形式的祈使句在英語中，有些祈使句不是以動詞原形來引起一個祈使句，而是以一個名詞短語來充當，且后接一個帶有并列連接詞的分句。實際上，這個充當祈使句的名詞短語相當于一個條件狀語從句。例如：More water and the young trees couldnt have died. If you had given them more water, the young trees couldnt have died.如果你給那些小樹多澆點水，他們就不會死了。七、. there be 句型2、 there be 句型的意義：表示“某處有某物”。3、 there be 句型的時態(tài)there is/are ; there was/were ; there will be /there going to be ;4、 there be 句型的特殊用法：there be 不可與have 連用there be 后的謂語動詞遵循就近原則there be 的反義疑問句為謂語動詞+there there +具體的動詞 使表達更生動there be 的非謂語動詞為 若前面的動詞后是不定式時，就用there to be 若前面的動詞后是v-ing 時，就用 there being5、 there be 句型的固定搭配there is no use / sense / point + v-ingthere is no need +to dothere is no doubt +that 從句課堂練習1(2014北京卷)24. _ carefully if any change occurs when doing experiments in the lab.A. ObserveB. To observe C. Observed D. Observing2(2014福建卷)28. The climate here is quite pleasant, the temperature rarely, _, reaching 30C in summer. A. if not B. if ever C. if any D. if so3(2014福建卷)29. It was the culture, rather than the language, _ made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad. A. where B. why C. that D. what4(2014福建卷) 32. _ no modern telecommunications, we would have to wait for weeks to get news from around the world. A. Were there B. Had there been C .If there are D. If there have been5(2014湖南卷)29. Only when you can find peace in your heart _ good relationships with others.A. will you keep B. you will keep C. you keptD. did you keep6(2014湖南卷)30. _ what youre doing today important, because youre trading a day of your life for it.A. Make B. To make C. MakingD. Made7(2014湖南卷)33. Its not doing the things we like, but liking the things we have to do_ makes life happy.A. that B. whichC. what D. who8(2014全國大綱卷)26. _ the nurses want a pay increase, they want reduced hours as well.A. Not do only B. Do not only C. Only not do D. Not only do 9(2014全國大綱卷)33. _ me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.A. Calling B. Call C. To call D. Having called 10(2014陜西卷)17. No sooner _ stepped on the stage than the audience broke into thunderous applause.A. had Mo Yan B. Mo Yan had C. has Mo Yan D. Mo Yan has11(2014四川卷)3. Was it because Jack came late for school _ Mr. Smith got angry?A. whyB. whoC. whereD. that12(2014天津卷)1. Give me a chance, _ Ill give you a wonderful surprise.A. if B. or C. and D. while13(2014天津卷)15. _ the morning train, he would not have been late for the meeting.A. Did he catch B. should be catch C. has he caught D. Had he caught14(2014重慶卷)10. I spent two weeks in London last summer. Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay, _ you? A. mustntB. haventC. didntD. hadnt15._ your composition carefully, some spelling mistakes can be avoided.A. Having checked B. Check C. If you check D. To check16. _ straight on and youll see a church. You wont miss it. A. Go B. Going C. If you go D. When going17.Start out right away, _ youll miss the first train. A. and B. but C. or D. while18. Dont smoke in the meeting room,_? A. do you B. will you C. can you D. would you19. Its a fine day. Lets go fishing,_? A. wont we B. will we C. dont we D. shall we20. Write to me when you get home. _ A. I must B. I should C. I will D. I can21. Dont forget to come to my birthday party tomorrow. _ A. No. I dont. B. No. I wont. C. No. I cant. D. No. I havent.ABCAA/AADBA/DCDCC/ACBDCB課后作業(yè)1._ going to the program “If you are the one”, he was rather concerned about being turned down in public.A.Much as he liked B.However he likedC.As he liked much D.As much he liked2. I cant imagine how he finished the race, _ his foot wounded so seriously. A. for B. when C. because D. with3. Look! The ground is wet. It must have rained last night, _?A. hasnt it B. didnt it C. mustnt it D. hadnt it 4. You are always telling me I am lazy. Look at your room. What a mess it is! _.A. The day has eyes, the night has ears B. The great thieves punish the little ones C. That is like the pot calling the kettle black D. When one will not, two cannot quarrel5. You can use a large plastic bottle, _cut off, as a pot to grow flowers in.A. with its top B. the top is C. whose top D. the top of which6. I dont think the man enjoys his life, _?No. That poor man.A. does he B. do I C. doesnt he D. do you7. Make decisions right away, _ youll miss a golden chance.A. ifB. andC. asD. or8. _they move the picture over there? A. What about B. How far C. What if D. How come9. _ I admire his opinion,I dont think he has touched the vital point. A. Only if B. If only C. As much D. Much as10. _ money did the couple have to pay for the new house that they had no choice but to turn to their parents for help.A. So much B. Too much C. Too little D. So little11. _you feel the urge to pack your bags and explore what the world has to offer,you might want to consider one of the d