馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理詞匯.doc

馬克思主義哲學(xué)原理詞匯 馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)Marxist political economics 馬克思主義政治經(jīng)濟學(xué)的方法methods of Marxist political economics古典經(jīng)濟學(xué)classical economics空想社會主義utopian socialism勞動過程labour process生產(chǎn)力 productivity生產(chǎn)關(guān)系 relations of production生產(chǎn)方式 mode of production勞動對象 objects of labour勞動資料means of labour體力勞動manual labour 腦力勞動mental labour 經(jīng)濟基礎(chǔ) economic base上層建筑 super structure生產(chǎn) production交換 exchange 分配 distribution消費 consumption經(jīng)濟規(guī)律economic law基本經(jīng)濟規(guī)律basic economic law唯物辯證法 materialist dialectics科學(xué)抽象法 scientific abstraction歸納和演繹法induction and deduction 經(jīng)濟制度 economic system 簡單協(xié)作simple cooperation工場手工業(yè)manufacture產(chǎn)業(yè)革命Industrial Revolution 機器大工業(yè)modern mechanical industry 資本主義工業(yè)化capitalist industrialization資本主義所有制capitalist ownership資產(chǎn)階級bourgeois 無產(chǎn)階級proletariat經(jīng)濟機制 economic mechanism 計劃經(jīng)濟planned economy 市場經(jīng)濟market economy 自然經(jīng)濟 natural economy商品經(jīng)濟commodity economy 原始社會primitive society 奴隸社會slave society 封建社會feudal society 資本主義社會capitalist society 社會主義社會 socialist society 共產(chǎn)主義社會 communist society 具體勞動concrete labour 抽象勞動abstract labour 價值量 amount of value 個別勞動時間individual labour time 社會必要勞動時間 socially necessary labour time 勞動價值理論labour theory of value 供求規(guī)律law of the supply and demand 競爭規(guī)律law of the competition 價格機制price mechanism 價值規(guī)律law of the value 通貨緊縮 deflation通貨膨脹inflation 紙幣流通規(guī)律law of the circulation of paper money 紙幣paper money貨幣流通規(guī)律law of the circulation of money 價值符號symbols of value 信用貨幣credit money 貨幣形式money form 一般等價物universal equivalent 相對價值形式relative form of value 一般價值形式universal form of value 等價形式equivalent form of value 總和的或擴大的價值形式total or expanded form of value 簡單的或偶然的價值形式elementary or accidental form of value 價值形式form of value社會勞動social labour私人勞動individual labour 勞動生產(chǎn)率labour productivity 復(fù)雜勞動complex labour簡單勞動simple labour 商品commodities 商品交換exchange of commodities 價值value交換價值exchange value 使用價值use value資本 capital資本總公式general formula for capital 商品流通 circulation of commodities 勞動力 labour power 勞動力的使用價值use value of the labour power 勞動力價值 value of labour power 雇傭勞動hired labour 雇傭勞動制度hired labour system 勞動過程labour process 價值形成過程 process of creating value 價值增殖過程process of producing surplus value 工作日working day必要勞動necessary labour 剩余勞動surplus labour 剩余價值 surplus value 不變資本constant capital 可變資本 variable capital 剩余價值率 rate of surplus value 計件工資piece wages 計時工資time wages 名義工資nominal wages 實際工資 real wages 絕對剩余價值absolute surplus value 相對剩余價值relative surplus value 超額剩余價值 extra surplus value 個別價值individual value社會價值social value 剝削 exploitation 資本主義簡單再生產(chǎn)capitalist simple reproduction 資本主義擴大再生產(chǎn)capitalist reproduction on extended scale 資本原始積累primitive accumulation of capital資本技術(shù)構(gòu)成technical composition of capital資本價值構(gòu)成value composition of capital 資本有機構(gòu)成 organic composition of capital 失業(yè)unemployment 相對過剩人口 relative surplus-population 絕對過剩人口 absolute surplus population 流動的過剩人口 floating surplus population 潛在的過剩人口 latent surplus population 停滯的過剩人口stagnant surplus-population 資本集中centralization of capital 資本積聚concentration of capital 資本主義積累的歷史趨勢historical tendency of capitalist accumulation 資本主義積累的一般規(guī)律general law of capitalist accumulation 成本價格 cost price 利潤 profit 利潤率 rate of profit 平均利潤 average profit 平均利潤率 average rate of profit 產(chǎn)業(yè)利潤industrial profit 商業(yè)資本commercial capital 商業(yè)利潤commercial profit 借貸資本loan capital 利息interest職能資本家functional capitalist 銀行資本banking capital 銀行利潤profit of bank 資本主義地租capitalist rent 級差地租 differential rent 絕對地租 absolute rent 超額利潤 extra profit 自由競爭資本主義 laisser-faire capitalism 壟斷資本主義 monopoly capitalism 圈地運動 enclosure movement in England 生產(chǎn)集中centralization of production 壟斷monopoly 壟斷資本 monopoly capital 壟斷價格monopoly price 壟斷利潤monopoly profit 壟斷組織monopolies 帝國主義imperialism 短期價格協(xié)定 temporary price agreement 辛迪加 syndicate 卡特爾cartel 托拉斯trust康采恩 konzern(concern) 國家壟斷資本主義 state monopoly capitalism 羅斯福新政Rossevelts New Deal 福利國家制度welfare state system 持股公司holding company 資本主義基本矛盾basic contradiction of capitalism 生產(chǎn)社會化socialization of production資本循環(huán) circuit of capital 資本周轉(zhuǎn)turnover of capital 產(chǎn)業(yè)資本industrial capital 產(chǎn)業(yè)資本家industrial capitalist 職能資本functional capital產(chǎn)業(yè)資本industrial capital 貨幣資本money capital 生產(chǎn)資本 productive capital 商品資本 commodity capital 流通過程process of circulation 資本周轉(zhuǎn)速度velocity of turnover of capital 資本周轉(zhuǎn)時間 time of turnover of capital 流通時間time of circulation 固定資本 fixed capital 流動資本circulating capital 固定資本磨損 wear and tear of fixed capital 有形磨損(物質(zhì)磨損)visible damage 無形磨損(精神磨損) moral depreciation 折舊depreciation 預(yù)付資本advanced capital 年剩余價值率annual rate of surplus value 個別資本individual capital 社會資本 social capital 社會資本的再生產(chǎn)reproduction of the social capital 社會總產(chǎn)品 aggregate social product 生產(chǎn)資料 means of production 消費資料 means of subsistence 經(jīng)濟危機economic crisis 生產(chǎn)相對過剩 relative overproduction 危機 crisis 蕭條Depression 停滯膨脹 stagflation 生產(chǎn)無政府狀態(tài)anarchy of capitalist production 資本主義再生產(chǎn)的周期性cyclical fluctuation of capitalist reproduction 固定資本更新 replacement of fixed capital 金融資本 financial capital 金融寡頭 financial oligarch 參與制system of holdings 需求管理demand management 財政政策public finance policy 稅收政策 tax policy財政支出 fiscal expenditure 財政收入 fiscal revenues “時延” time lag 自動穩(wěn)定器built-in stabilizer 財政赤字 fiscal deficit 貨幣政策monetary policy 公開市場業(yè)務(wù)open-market operations 法定準備金率 legal reserve rate 再貼現(xiàn)利率rediscount-rate 政府債券 government bond 資本主義國有化capitalist nationalization 資本主義經(jīng)濟計劃化 planning in capitalist economy反壟斷法 antitrust law 馬克思主義經(jīng)濟學(xué)著作在中國的傳播 dissemination of Marxist economic works in China 新民主主義經(jīng)濟 new_democratic economy 新民主主義革命 new_democratic revolution 新民主主義三大經(jīng)濟綱領(lǐng) three general economic programmes for the Chinese new_democracy 公營經(jīng)濟 public economy 中國土地改革 land reform in China 從資本主義向社會主義的過渡transition from capitalism to socialism 過渡時期多種經(jīng)濟成分 manifold economic sectors in the transition period 沒收官僚資本 confiscation of bureaucrat capital 穩(wěn)定物價 stabilizing commodity prices 過渡時期總路線 general line for the transition period 中國的社會主義改造 socialist transformation in china 中國農(nóng)業(yè)的社會主義改造 socialist transformation of agriculture in China 農(nóng)業(yè)合作化 agricultural cooperation movement of China 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)互助組 agricultural producers mutual aid team 農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社 agricultural producerscooperative 初級農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社 elementary agricultural producerscooperative 高級農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)合作社 advanced agricultural producerscooperative 中國手工業(yè)的社會主義改造 socialist transformation of the handicraft in China 中國資本主義工商業(yè)的社會主義改造 socialist transformation of capitalist industry and commerce in China 贖買政策 policy of redemption 中國過渡時期國家資本主義 national capitalism of the transition period in China 公私合營 joint state-private ownership 中國的社會主義初級階段 primary stage of socialism in China 社會主義社會的經(jīng)濟制度 economic system of socialist society 社會主義生產(chǎn)方式 socialist mode of production 計劃經(jīng)濟 planned economy 社會主義基本經(jīng)濟規(guī)律 basic economic law of socialism 按勞分配規(guī)律 law of distribution according to work 社會主義社會的生產(chǎn)資料所有制 owership of the means of production of socialist society 社會主義國家所有制 socialist state ownership 社會主義國營經(jīng)濟 socialist state operated economy 集體所有制 collective ownership 社會主義合作經(jīng)濟 cooperative economy in socialist society 城鎮(zhèn)集體所有制經(jīng)濟 collective economy in cities and towns 個體經(jīng)濟 individual economy 私營經(jīng)濟 private sector of the economy 中外合營企業(yè) Chinese-foreign joint ventures and co-operative enterprises 外商獨資企業(yè) exclusively foreign-owned enterprises 人民公社 peoples commune 社會主義社會的公共財產(chǎn) public property in socialist society 社會主義社會的個人財產(chǎn) individual property in socialist society 物質(zhì)鼓勵和精神鼓勵相結(jié)合 combination of material reward and moral encouragement 社會主義市場經(jīng)濟socialist market economy計劃經(jīng)濟 planned economy市場經(jīng)濟market economy公司corporation股票equity市場market金融市場 financial market勞動市場labor market 市場失靈market failure國內(nèi)生產(chǎn)總值 gross domestic product中央銀行central bank商業(yè)銀行 commercial bank充分就業(yè)full-employment經(jīng)濟增長economy growth通貨膨脹inflation通貨膨脹率inflation rate通貨緊縮deflation社會保障social insurance社會福利social welfare失業(yè)保險 unemployment insurance最低工資minimum wage醫(yī)療保險 health insurance福利政策welfare policies絕對優(yōu)勢absolute advantage 比較優(yōu)勢comparative advantage 自然稟賦natural endowments 國際分工 international divide the work 垂直型國際分工vertical international divide the work 水平型國際分工 level international divide the work 自由貿(mào)易 free trade 進口imports 出口 exports 進口替代import substitution 貿(mào)易赤字 trade deficit 貿(mào)易集團trading blocs 橫向一體化 horizontal integration 縱向一體化vertical integration 縱向合并 vertical merger 金融投資financial investments 金融體系 financial system 開放經(jīng)濟open economy 封閉經(jīng)濟closed economy 資本流入 capital inflow 資本市場 capital market 資本流出capital outflow 公司 corporation 債務(wù)debt 發(fā)達國家或工業(yè)化國家developed or industrialized countries 發(fā)展中國家developing countries 新興工業(yè)化國家 newly industrialized countries, NICs 歐洲聯(lián)盟European Union 北美自由貿(mào)易區(qū)North America Free Trade Area, NAFTA亞太經(jīng)濟合作組織Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC)進入障礙barriers of entry 關(guān)稅壁壘tariff wall貿(mào)易壁壘trade barrier 非關(guān)稅壁壘non-tariff barriers 傾銷dumping 匯率 exchange rate 出口導(dǎo)向型增長 export-led growth 多邊貿(mào)易multilateral trade 保護主義protectionism 幼稚產(chǎn)業(yè)保護論infant industry argument for protection 知識產(chǎn)權(quán)intellectual property 共同基金mutual fund 國際貿(mào)易international trade 國際收支balance of payments 經(jīng)濟全球化globalization of economy 貿(mào)易trade 金融finance 生產(chǎn)全球化 globalization of production 貿(mào)易全球化globalization of trade 資本全球化globalization of capital 金融全球化globalization of finance 資本輸出export of capital 商品輸出 export of