農(nóng)村社會救助論文：農(nóng)村社會求助與政府行為選擇研究.doc

農(nóng)村社會救助論文：農(nóng)村社會求助與政府行為選擇研究【中文摘要】進(jìn)入新世紀(jì),我國正處于體制轉(zhuǎn)軌、結(jié)構(gòu)調(diào)整、社會轉(zhuǎn)型的特殊歷史時期,面臨著許多困難和挑戰(zhàn),如何有效化解矛盾,解決社會眾多利益主體的沖突問題,實(shí)現(xiàn)社會和諧,是擺在我們面前的一項重大課題。當(dāng)前我國農(nóng)村社會救助成效顯著:救助制度不斷完善,救助法制不斷健全;救助投入不斷增大、范圍逐步擴(kuò)大、水平持續(xù)提高;救助經(jīng)費(fèi)來源穩(wěn)定可靠;非政府組織及群眾也積極參與其中。但由于農(nóng)村社會救助自身的不完善及農(nóng)村貧困形勢的復(fù)雜性和嚴(yán)峻性,總體上仍顯供需失衡。從表象看,是由于國家或政府對農(nóng)村社會救助的制度和物質(zhì)供給不足,致使農(nóng)民社會保障(救助)權(quán)沒能充分實(shí)現(xiàn)。然而深究其本質(zhì),受國家和政府在農(nóng)村社會救助中責(zé)任的缺失、城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)以及農(nóng)民“話語權(quán)”的缺乏等因素的影響,農(nóng)民一系列權(quán)利的弱勢和缺失,才是導(dǎo)致農(nóng)村社會救助供需矛盾的根源所在。農(nóng)民權(quán)利的缺失不僅表現(xiàn)為社會保障(救助)權(quán),還表現(xiàn)在與之密切相關(guān)的其他權(quán)利如遷徙自由權(quán)、勞動權(quán)、受教育權(quán)等。這些權(quán)利的缺失不但從一定程度上造成了農(nóng)民經(jīng)濟(jì)和權(quán)利上的貧困,增大了對農(nóng)村社會救助的需求,降低了獲取農(nóng)村社會救助的能力。同時也正因為國家或政府長期以來對農(nóng)民權(quán)利的忽略,對農(nóng)村社會救助的供給偏少,造成了與需求的不匹配。因而,確保農(nóng)民社會保障權(quán)等一系列社會權(quán)利的實(shí)現(xiàn),是改善農(nóng)村社會救助,實(shí)現(xiàn)農(nóng)村社會救助供需平衡的重要途徑。毋庸置疑的是,保障農(nóng)民權(quán)利、改善農(nóng)村社會救助最終均離不開政府,需要通過政府的行為選擇來實(shí)現(xiàn)。也唯有如此才能確保農(nóng)民享受改革和發(fā)展的成果,切實(shí)維護(hù)和實(shí)現(xiàn)社會的公平與正義?！居⑽恼縀ntering the new century, China is in the special historical period of system transition, structural adjustment and social transition, facing many difficulties and challenges. How to resolve conflicts, solve social conflicts of many social benefit subjects effectively and achieve social harmony, is a major issue placed in front of us. Currently, the rural social assistance has got remarkable achievement. The assistance system is perfecting and the legal system of social assistance is improving constantly. At the same time, the investment in social assistance is increasing continuously, and the scope of social assistance is expanding gradually. Not only the level of social assistance is improving continuously, the funding for social assistance is stable and reliable. Finally, the non-governmental organizations and the masses actively participate in the rural social assistance. However, because of the imperfections of the rural social assistance, and the complexity and the seriousness of the situation of rural poverty, the imbalance between supply and demand generally remained. From the appearance of view, thanks to the shortage of supply of the system and material of the rural social assistance from the state or government, which has brought about that the right of the social security of farmers has not been fully realized?But in fact, the absence of responsibility of the state and government in the rural social assistance, urban-rural dual structure, the farmers discourse right and other factors that lead to the lack of a series of rights of farmers. I think that the lack of a series of rights of farmersis the cause of the imbalance between supply and demand of the rural social assistance. Not only had the right of the social security of farmers, but also in closely related to the right of the social security of farmersother rights ,such as freedom of movement, labor rights, education and so on been in the state of lack. The Lack of these rights not only leaded the farmers to be poverty on the right and economy to some extent, increased demand for the rural social assistance, and also reduced the ability to obtain the rural social assistance. Meanwhile, it is precisely because that the state or government has long ignored the rights of farmers, which causes that the supply of the rural social assistance is less than normal, resulting in a mismatch with the demand. Therefore, to ensure of the realization of the right of the social security and other social rights of farmers is an important way to improve the rural social assistance and balance the supply and demand of the rural social assistance. There is no doubt that the protection of the rights of farmers and the improvement of the rural social assistance is ultimately inseparable from the government, which need the selection of governments behaviors to achieve this goal. This will ensure that the farmers can enjoy the fruits of reform and development, and effectively safeguard and realize the societiesfairness and justice.【關(guān)鍵詞】農(nóng)村社會救助 權(quán)利缺失 弱勢群體 政府行為選擇【英文關(guān)鍵詞】The Rural Social Assistance Lack of Right Vulnerable Groups The Selection of Government Behaviors【目錄】農(nóng)村社會求助與政府行為選擇研究摘要5-6Abstract6-7一、緒論10-18（一） 選題理由與意義10-111、選題背景102、選題意義10-11（二） 國內(nèi)外相關(guān)研究綜述狀況11-161、國外相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)綜述11-132、國內(nèi)相關(guān)研究文獻(xiàn)綜述13-153、國內(nèi)外社會救助研究評價15-16（三） 研究方法16（四） 研究思路與論文的基本框架16-17（五） 主要創(chuàng)新點(diǎn)與不足17-18二、農(nóng)村社會救助現(xiàn)狀與農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失18-28（一） 我國農(nóng)村社會救助現(xiàn)狀與問題18-231、農(nóng)村社會救助制度逐步完善，法制不斷健全18-192、農(nóng)村社會救助投入不斷增大、救助范圍逐步擴(kuò)大、水平持續(xù)提高19-203、非政府組織及群眾參與，補(bǔ)充作用明顯20-214、經(jīng)費(fèi)來源穩(wěn)定可靠，中央和地方分級負(fù)擔(dān)、分級管理21-23（二） 我國農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失的表現(xiàn)23-281、遷徙自由權(quán)無制度保障232、勞動權(quán)利未能完全實(shí)現(xiàn)23-243、社會保障權(quán)保證不足244、受教育權(quán)重視不夠24-265、環(huán)境權(quán)被淡化26-28三、農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失的原因及影響28-34（一） 我國農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失的原因28-311、國家和政府在農(nóng)村社會救助制度建設(shè)中責(zé)任主體的缺位和責(zé)任內(nèi)容的不完整28-292、城鄉(xiāng)二元結(jié)構(gòu)的制度約束29-303、農(nóng)民“話語權(quán)”的缺乏與式微30-31（二） 我國農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失對農(nóng)村社會救助的影響31-341、農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失對農(nóng)民獲得農(nóng)村社會救助的影響31-322、農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失對農(nóng)村社會救助供給的影響32-333、農(nóng)民權(quán)利缺失對社會穩(wěn)定的影響33-34四、主要發(fā)達(dá)國家社會救助的經(jīng)驗34-37（一） 福利國家型社會救助34-35（二） 公保自助型社會救助35（三） 自我積累型社會救助35-37五、政府行為選擇與農(nóng)村社會救助的改善37-48（一） 政府行為選擇與農(nóng)民權(quán)利保障38-391、進(jìn)行普法宣傳，提高權(quán)利意識382、按照立法先行的原則，建立健全農(nóng)村法制，為農(nóng)民權(quán)利保護(hù)提供依據(jù)38-393、堅持依法行政和公正司法39（二） 政府在農(nóng)村社會救助中的角色定位39-43