過(guò)去分詞的用法20129

1 過(guò)去分詞的用法過(guò)去分詞的用法 一 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)一 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 弄清過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的最基本特點(diǎn) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作弄清過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的最基本特點(diǎn) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)表示被動(dòng)的和完成的動(dòng)作 不及物不及物 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng) 只表示完成動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞不表示被動(dòng) 只表示完成 例如 Written in a hurry this article was not so good 導(dǎo)悟 文章是被寫(xiě)的 而且已經(jīng)被寫(xiě) 提醒 提醒 有些過(guò)去分詞因來(lái)源于系表結(jié)構(gòu) 作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)不表被動(dòng)而表主動(dòng) 這樣的過(guò)去分詞 及短語(yǔ)常見(jiàn)的有 lost 迷路 seated 坐 hidden 躲 lost absorbed in 沉于 born 出身于 dressed in 穿著 tired of 厭煩 Lost Absorbed in deep thought he didn t hear the sound 因沉迷于思考之中 他沒(méi)有聽(tīng)到那個(gè)聲音 Born in this beautiful town he hates to leave it 出生于這個(gè)美麗的小鎮(zhèn) 他不愿意離開(kāi)它 明確過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ) 此明確過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的邏輯主語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)其邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句的主語(yǔ) 此 時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱(chēng)一致 時(shí)應(yīng)注意人稱(chēng)一致 例 1 the earth to be flat many feared that Columbus would fall off the edge A Believed B Believing C Believed D Being believed 本句意思為 相信地球是平的 許多人擔(dān)心哥倫布會(huì)從邊上掉下去 許多人與相信 之間是主謂關(guān)系 即分詞與主語(yǔ)之間為主謂關(guān)系 因此 應(yīng)用現(xiàn)在分詞 答案為 B 例 2 He looked tired and depressed visibly disturbed by the news of his mother s illness 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 分詞在句子中作狀語(yǔ) 使用何種分詞 要取決于分詞與句子主語(yǔ)的關(guān)系 主謂關(guān) 系用現(xiàn)在分詞 動(dòng)賓或被動(dòng)關(guān)系用過(guò)去分詞 例 3 Given another hour I can also work out this problem 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 given 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 它的邏輯主語(yǔ)為主句主語(yǔ) I 即 I 被再給一小時(shí) 例 4 Seen from the top of the hill the city looks more beautiful to us 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 seen 為過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ) 表 被看 由語(yǔ)境可知 它的邏輯主語(yǔ)必須是城市 而 不是 我們 因?yàn)?我們 應(yīng)主動(dòng)看城市 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的由來(lái) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句 和過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的由來(lái) 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)來(lái)源于狀語(yǔ)從句 和 ing 分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣 分詞作狀語(yǔ)一樣 也可以表示時(shí)間 原因 條件 讓步 方式或伴隨情況等 也可以表示時(shí)間 原因 條件 讓步 方式或伴隨情況等 例 1 Caught in a heavy rain he was all wet 表原因 表原因 導(dǎo)悟 導(dǎo)悟 caught in a heavy rain 為過(guò)去分詞作原因狀語(yǔ) 它來(lái)源于原因狀語(yǔ)從句 Because he was caught in a heavy rain 例 2 Accepted by the Party he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party 表時(shí)間表時(shí)間 入黨以后 他決定獻(xiàn)身于黨的事業(yè) 例 3 Compared with your brother you should make greater efforts to study English 表?xiàng)l件 表?xiàng)l件 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句相當(dāng)于一個(gè)條件狀語(yǔ)從句 和你哥哥相比 你應(yīng)該更加努力學(xué)習(xí)英語(yǔ) 例 4 Though warned of the storm the farmers were still working in the fields Though they had been warned 表讓步 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)表讓步 相當(dāng)于一個(gè) though although 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句 例 5 Seated at the table my father and I were talking about my job 表方式或伴隨情況表方式或伴隨情況 2 我和父親坐在桌子旁邊討論著我的工作問(wèn)題 特別提醒特別提醒 1 狀語(yǔ)從句改為過(guò)去分詞有時(shí)還可保留連詞 構(gòu)成 連詞 過(guò)去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)作 狀語(yǔ) while when once until if though 等連詞 過(guò)去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu) Once recovered he threw himself to work and made every effort to do it well When given a medical examination you should keep calm 特別提醒特別提醒 2 過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)時(shí) 它的邏輯主語(yǔ)一般必須和句子的主語(yǔ)相一致 例如 When asked why he came here the boy kept silent 特別提醒特別提醒 3 明確過(guò)去分詞作狀語(yǔ)的位置 過(guò)去分詞可放在主句前作句首狀語(yǔ) 后面常用 逗號(hào)隔開(kāi) 也可放在主句后面 前面用逗號(hào)與主句隔開(kāi) 如 He stood there silently moved to tears Moved to tears he stood there silently 二 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)二 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)時(shí)總是用在連系動(dòng)詞之后 構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu) 表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài) She looked disappointed 她看上去很失望 We were encouraged at the news 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息 我們都很受鼓舞 His response to the question was quite disappointing I felt disappointed at his response 提醒 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)不要與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)混為一體 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)表示主語(yǔ)的狀態(tài) 被 動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)則表示被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 如 The road is covered with fallen leaves 表狀態(tài) The road is covered by the fallen leaves 表動(dòng)作 特別提醒特別提醒 過(guò)去分詞和現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)的區(qū)別 過(guò)去分詞作表語(yǔ)通常表示主語(yǔ)所處的狀態(tài)或感受 而現(xiàn)在分詞作表語(yǔ)多表示主語(yǔ)所具有 的特征 如 Hearing the news we felt very surprised 聽(tīng)到那個(gè)消息 我們感到很驚 訝 The news is very surprising 這個(gè)消息很令人驚訝 They were frightened to hear the frightening sound 他們聽(tīng)到那可怕的聲音很害 怕 英語(yǔ)中這樣的分詞還有很多 如 amusing amused encouraging encouraged disappointing disappointed exciting excited puzzling puzzled satisfying satisfied worrying worried tiring tired pleasing pleased interesting interested astonishing astonished 等 三 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)三 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 過(guò)去分詞可以在 allow ask consider desire expect feel find get have hear imagine keep like make observe order permit prefer remember request require see urge 動(dòng)詞等后面作 賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)時(shí)表明賓語(yǔ)是該動(dòng)詞的動(dòng)作對(duì)象 動(dòng)詞與賓 語(yǔ)之間有邏輯上的動(dòng)賓關(guān)系 需要用過(guò)去分詞作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)的情況如下 1 感官動(dòng)詞 see hear notice observe watch feel 及 find 之后可用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) I saw an old man knocked down by a car just now We found her greatly changed We can hear the windows beaten by the heavy rain drops 2 表示 意欲 命令 的動(dòng)詞 如 like want wish expect order 等 可用過(guò)去分詞作 賓補(bǔ) The teacher expected the students well prepared for the examination The father wants his daughter taught the piano I wish it done quickly 3 使役動(dòng)詞 make leave keep 等后 可用過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) The news made me disappointed He kept his eyes shut and stayed where he was It s better to leave some things unsaid 特別提醒 特別提醒 在動(dòng)詞 see hear feel watch notice observe 后既可用現(xiàn)在分詞做補(bǔ) 3 語(yǔ) 也可用不定式做補(bǔ)語(yǔ) 用現(xiàn)在分詞表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行 用不定式表示的動(dòng)作的全過(guò)程 已經(jīng)完成 如 I saw Mr White get off a bus I saw Mr White looking into the shop window Do you hear someone knocking at the door Yes I did I heard him knock three times 4 4 動(dòng)詞 have get 賓語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞的幾種含義 主語(yǔ)請(qǐng)別人做某事 He wants to have get his eyes examined tomorrow 他明天想去檢查眼睛 檢查 的動(dòng)作由醫(yī)生來(lái)進(jìn)行 主語(yǔ)遭到某種不幸或陷入惡劣的環(huán)境 說(shuō)明賓語(yǔ)的一種無(wú)意識(shí)的被動(dòng)行為 Many people had their houses damaged in the serious typhoon 臺(tái)風(fēng) 5 with 賓語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞 結(jié)構(gòu)中 過(guò)去分詞用作介詞 with 的賓補(bǔ) 這一結(jié)構(gòu)通常在句中作時(shí)間 方式 條件 原因等狀語(yǔ) With water heated we can see the steam 水被加熱時(shí) 我們能看到水蒸氣 With the matter settled we all went home 事情得到解決 我們都回家了 特別提醒特別提醒 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別如下 一般來(lái)說(shuō) 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ)與現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)的區(qū)別如下 一般來(lái)說(shuō) 過(guò)去分詞作賓補(bǔ) 時(shí) 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 試比較 時(shí) 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者 現(xiàn)在分詞作賓補(bǔ)時(shí) 賓語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者 試比較 I I foundfound himhim knockedknocked downdown byby a a car car 我看到他被車(chē)撞了 我看到他被車(chē)撞了 I I foundfound himhim lyinglying onon thethe grassgrass justjust now now 我剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在草坪上 我剛才發(fā)現(xiàn)他躺在草坪上 四 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)四 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)時(shí) 相當(dāng)于一個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句 單個(gè)的分詞通常放在被修飾的名詞之前 分詞短語(yǔ)一般置于所修飾的中心詞后面 過(guò)去分詞修飾承受該動(dòng)作的名詞 即與名詞是動(dòng) 賓關(guān)系 現(xiàn)在分詞修飾的是發(fā)出該動(dòng)作的名詞 即與名詞有主謂關(guān)系 例 1 My parents are both retired teachers 例 2 Most of the students invited to the garden party came from our school 例 3 The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager 特別提醒特別提醒 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)和現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)有一定的區(qū)別 試比較下面幾組短語(yǔ) boiled water 開(kāi)水 boiling water 正沸騰的水 developed countries 發(fā)展的國(guó)家 developing countries 發(fā)展中國(guó)家 fallen leaves 落葉 falling leaves 正在飄落的葉子 changed condition 改變了的情況 changing condition 變化著的情況 由此可見(jiàn) 過(guò)去分詞作定語(yǔ)通常表示完成的或被動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 而現(xiàn)在分詞作定語(yǔ)可以表示 正在進(jìn)行的主動(dòng)的動(dòng)作 實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練實(shí)戰(zhàn)演練 用括號(hào)里動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 用括號(hào)里動(dòng)詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1 The situation of the chess game really every member in the game watching room confuse 2 With his finger point to the break window the teacher asked Who did that 3 I was fortunate to pick up a wallet lie on the ground on the way home but unfortunately for me I found my colour TV set steal when I got home 4 Though lack money he managed to have his own company start 5 She felt rather that she heard such a news delight 4 6 Jack s umbrella requires but he didn t get it soon enough at John s for John had a lot of umbrellas at the time repair 7 remind of the matter many times Tom was still puzzle about it 8 Generally speaking when take according to the directions the drug has no side effect 9 The speaker raised his voice but couldn t make himself hear 10 Having passed all the tests she felt a great weight take off her mind 11 settle in a friendly way their quarrel came to an end 12 determine to complete the job on time they set out to work immediately 高 考 資 源 網(wǎng) 13 leave alone in the dark room the little boy was so frightened as to cry 14 Mrs Bush stood surprise for a moment when an old soldier suddenly appeared before her 15 Seeing the soldiers well prepare for the flood fight the general nodded with satisfaction 16 Alexander tried to get his work recognize in the medical circles 17 Many students question said they were forced to practice the piano 18 Lucy has a great sense of humor and always keeps her colleagues amuse with her stories 19 Please remain seat the winner of the prize will be announced soon 20 To learn English well we should find opportunities to hear English speak as much as we can 21 We should keep them inform of what is going on here 22 The boy lay on the ground fix his eyes on the nobleman 23 The boy lay on the ground his eyes fix on the nobleman 24 The boy lay on the ground and his eyes fix on the nobleman 25 With fall leaves bury in the earth every year the soil becomes richer and richer 26 You should understand the traffic rule by now You ve had it explain often enough 27 I found a car stick in a pool by the side of the road 28 The power station keeps the villages supply with electricity 29 I got on the bus and found a seat near the back and then I noticed a man sit at the front 2011 廣東 30 Tony lent me the money hope that I d do as much for him 2012 全國(guó) 31 dress in a white uniform he looks more like a cook than a doctor 32 He suddenly appeared in class one day wear sunglasses 2012 廣東 33 use with care one tin will last for six weeks 2012 北京 34 We re having a meeting in half an hour The decision make at the meeting will influence the future of our company 2012 重慶 35 He got up late and hurried to his office leaving the breakfast touch 2012 天津 36 After completing and signing it please return the form to us in the envelope provide 2012 山東 37 The