初中英語(yǔ)知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí).doc

2009初中英語(yǔ)全程知識(shí)點(diǎn)總結(jié)及練習(xí) 初一年級(jí)（上） 【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1. Sit down 2. on duty 3. in English 4. have a seat 5. at home 6. look like 7. look at 8. have a look 9. come on 10. at work 11. at school 12. put on 13. look after 14. get up 15. go shopping II. 重要句型 1. help sb. do sth. 2. What about? 3. Lets do sth. 4. Its time to do sth. 5. Its time for 6. Whats? It is/ Its 7. Where is? Its. 8. How old are you? Im. 9. What class are you in? Im in. 10. Welcome to. 11. Whats plus? Its. 12. I think 13. Whos this? This is. 14. What can you see？ I can see. 15. There is (are) . 16. What colour is it (are they)? Its (Theyre) 17. Whose is this? Its. 18. What time is it? Its. III. 交際用語(yǔ) 1. Good morning, Miss/Mr. 2. Hello! Hi! 3. Nice to meet you. Nice to meet you, too. 4. How are you? Im fine, thank you/thanks. And you? 5. See you. See you later. 6. Thank you! Youre welcome. 7. Goodbye! Bye! 8. Whats your name? My name is . 9. Here you are. This way, please. 10. Whos on duty today? 11. Lets do. 12. Let me see. IV. 重要語(yǔ)法 1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法； 2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4. 冠詞的基本用法； 5. There be句型的用法。 【名師講解】 1. in/on 在表示空間位置時(shí)，in表示在某個(gè)空間的范圍以內(nèi)，on表示在某一個(gè)物體的表面之上。例如： There is a bird in the tree. 樹(shù)上有只鳥(niǎo)。 There is a picture on the wall. 墻上有張圖。 2. this/that/these/those (1)this常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上更接近講話人的人和事，these是this的復(fù)數(shù)形式。that常常用來(lái)指在時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)上離講話人更遠(yuǎn)一點(diǎn)的人和事，those時(shí)that的復(fù)數(shù)形式。例如： You look in this box and Ill look in that one over there.你看看這個(gè)盒子，我去看那邊的那個(gè)盒子。 I want this car, not that car. 我想要這輛小汽車(chē)，不是那一輛。 Take these books to his room, please. 請(qǐng)把這些書(shū)拿到他房間去。 This is mine; thats yours. 這個(gè)是我的，那個(gè)是你的。 These are apples; those are oranges. 這些是蘋(píng)果，那些是橘子。 (2)在打電話的用語(yǔ)中，this常常指的是我，that常常指的是對(duì)方。例如： This is Mary speaking. Whos that? 我是瑪麗。你是誰(shuí)？ 3. There be/ have There be 有，其確切含意為某處或某時(shí)存在某人或某物。其結(jié)構(gòu)是：There be + 某人或某物 + 表示地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)。There be 后面的名詞實(shí)際上是主語(yǔ)，be 動(dòng)詞的形式要和主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上保持一致，be動(dòng)詞后面的名詞是單數(shù)或不可數(shù)名詞時(shí)用is，名詞是復(fù)數(shù)時(shí)用are。例如： (1) There is a big bottle of coke on the table. 桌上有一大瓶子可樂(lè)。 (2) There is a doll in the box. 那個(gè)盒子里有個(gè)娃娃。 (3) There are many apples on the tree. 那樹(shù)上有許多蘋(píng)果。 總之，There be結(jié)構(gòu)強(qiáng)調(diào)的是一種客觀存在的有。have表示擁有，占有，具有，即：某人有某物(sb. have / has sth.)。主語(yǔ)一般是名詞或代詞，與主語(yǔ)是所屬關(guān)系。例如： (4) I have two brothers and one sister.我有兩個(gè)兄弟，一個(gè)姐姐。 (5) That house has four rooms.那所房子有四個(gè)房間。 4. look/ see/ watch (1)look 表示“看、瞧”，著重指認(rèn)真看，強(qiáng)調(diào)看的動(dòng)作，表示有意識(shí)地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒對(duì)方注意。，如： Look! The children are playing computer games. 瞧！孩子們?cè)谕骐娔X游戲。 Look! Whats that over there? 看！那邊那個(gè)是什么？ 單獨(dú)使用是不及物動(dòng)詞，如強(qiáng)調(diào)看某人/物，其后接介詞at，才能帶賓語(yǔ)，如： Hes looking at me。他正在看著我。 (2)see強(qiáng)調(diào)“看”的結(jié)果，著重的是look這個(gè)動(dòng)作的結(jié)果，意思是“看到”，see是及物動(dòng)詞，后面能直接跟賓語(yǔ)。如： What can you see in the picture? 你能在圖上看到什么？ Look at the blackboard. What did you see on it?看黑板！你看到了什么？ (3)watch“觀看，注視”，側(cè)重于場(chǎng)面，表示全神貫注地觀看、觀察或注視某事務(wù)的活動(dòng)，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)程，常用于“看電視、看足球、看演出”等。如： Yesterday we watched a football match on TV.昨天我們從電視上看了一場(chǎng)足球比賽。 4. put on/ / in put on意為“穿上，戴上”。主要指“穿上”這一動(dòng)作, 后面接表示服裝、鞋帽的名詞。 in 是介詞，表示“穿著”強(qiáng)調(diào)狀態(tài)。在句中可以做定語(yǔ)、標(biāo)語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ)。如： Its cold outside, put on your coat. 外面冷，穿上你的外衣。 He puts on his hat and goes out. 他戴上帽子，走了出去。 The woman in a white blouse is Johns mother.穿白色襯衣的那個(gè)婦女是John的媽媽。 5. house/ home/family house ：“房子”，指居住的建筑物; Home: “家”，指一個(gè)人同家人共同經(jīng)常居住的地方; Family: “家庭“，“家庭成員”。例如： Please come to my house this afternoon. 今天下午請(qǐng)到我家來(lái)。 He is not at home. 他不在家。 My family all get up early. 我們?nèi)叶计鸬煤茉纭?6. fine, nice, good, well 四者都可用作形容詞表示好之意，但前三者既可作表語(yǔ)又可作定語(yǔ)，而后者僅用作表語(yǔ)。主要區(qū)別在于： (1) fine指物時(shí)表示的是質(zhì)量上的精細(xì)，形容人時(shí)表示的是身體健康，也 可以用來(lái)指天氣晴朗。例如：Your parents are very fine. 你父母身體很健康。Thats a fine machine. 那是一臺(tái)很好的機(jī)器。Its a fine day for a walk today. 今天是散步的好時(shí)候。 (2)nice主要側(cè)重于人或物的外表，有美好，漂亮的意思，也可用于問(wèn)候或贊揚(yáng)別人。例如：Lucy looks nice. 露西看上去很漂亮。These coats are very nice. 那些裙子很好看。Nice to meet you. 見(jiàn)到你很高興。Its very nice of you. 你真好。 (3)good形容人時(shí)指品德好，形容物時(shí)指質(zhì)量好，是表示人或物各方面都好的普通用語(yǔ)。例如：Her son is a good student. 她兒子是一個(gè)好學(xué)生。The red car is very good. 那輛紅色小汽車(chē)很好。 (4)well只可用來(lái)形容人的身體好，但不能作定語(yǔ)，它也能用作副詞作狀語(yǔ)，多放在所修飾的動(dòng)詞之后。例如：Im very well, thanks. 我身體很好，謝謝。My friends sing well. 我的朋友們歌唱得好。 【考點(diǎn)掃描】 中考考點(diǎn)在本單元主要集中在： 1. 動(dòng)詞be的用法； 2. 人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法； 3. 名詞的單復(fù)數(shù)和所有格的用法； 4. 冠詞的基本用法； 5. There be句型的用法。 6. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的詞匯、短語(yǔ)和句型； 7. 本單元學(xué)過(guò)的日常交際用語(yǔ)。 考試形式可以是單項(xiàng)填空、完型填空、短文填空、完成句子。 【中考范例】 1. (2004年北京市中考試題) Mary, please show _ your picture. A. my B. mine C. I D. me 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是人稱代詞和物主代詞的用法。本題中動(dòng)詞show后面跟雙賓語(yǔ)，空白處應(yīng)填入人稱代詞的賓格me作賓語(yǔ)。 2. (2004年上海市徐匯區(qū)中考試題) _ orange on the desk is for you, Mike. A. A B.An C. / D. The 【解析】答案：D。該題考查的是冠詞的基本用法。因?yàn)槭翘刂刚n桌上的那個(gè)橘子，所以用定冠詞the。 3. (2004年哈爾濱市中考試題) -What _ the number of the girls in your class? -About twenty. A. is B. am C. are D. be 【解析】答案：A。該題考查的是動(dòng)詞be的用法和主謂一致。the number作主語(yǔ)，應(yīng)該是單數(shù)第三人稱，動(dòng)詞be變?yōu)閕s。 4. (2004年陜西省中考試題) There _ a football match on TV this evening. A. will have B. is going to be C. has D. is going to have 【解析】答案：B。該題考查的是There be句型和動(dòng)詞have用法區(qū)別。There be句型本身就表示“在某個(gè)地方存在某個(gè)人或物”，不能和動(dòng)詞have混在一起用。 【滿分演練】 一. 單項(xiàng)填空 1. -What colour is the bike? -Its _ orange. A. an B. a C. / D. the 2. That isnt her bag. Its _. A. my B. I C. mine D. me 3. -Oh, your kite is very nice. -_. A. Thats right B. No, its not nice C. Yes, it is D. Thank you 4. The woman is sixty, but she _ young. A. is B. sees C. looks D. watches 5. Its time _ lunch. Lets go home. A. to B. in C. for D. on 6. -_ is your coat? -The black one. A. What B. Where C. Which D. How 7. -_ is the toy? -Its on the bed. A. Who B. Where C. What D. Whose 8. The shoes are too old. Put _ over there. A. it B. they C. their D. them 9. Excuse me. Can you _ my watch, please? A. look B. look like C. look after D. look at 10. Look _ the blackboard and listen _ the teacher. A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after 11. -Whose dress is this? -Its _. A. Lucy B. Lucys C. Jim D. Jims 12. The girl _ the purple coat is his sister. A. at B. in C.on D. with 13. There is a bird _ the tree. A. in B. on C. to D. of 14. There are many _ in our school. A. woman teachers B. woman teacher C. women teacher D. women teachers 15. -Is there a ball under the desk? -_. A. Yes, it is B. Yes, theres C. No, there isnt D. No, there is 16. There _ some books and a pencil on the desk. A. am B. is C. are D. be 17. -Let me help you. -_. A. Youre welcome B. Thanks very much C. Dont worry D. Yes, thanks 18. _ old man is _ English teacher. A. The; an B. An; an C. The; the D. A; a 19. -What _ five plus six? -Its eleven. A. am B. is C. are D. / 20. -What _ you see in the picture? -I can see some flowers. A. must B. can C. are D. do 二. 完形填空 This is a picture of Kats _1_. What can we _2_ in the picture? Look _3_ it, please. The man _4_ the black coat is Kates father, Mr. Green. The _5_ in the red sweater is Mrs. Green. They _6_ young. The baby is Kate. The little boy is Kates _7_, Jim. _8_ the man behind Mrs. Green? Oh, hes _9_ brother, Mr. Read. He _10_ young, too. 1. A. families B. family C. parents D. brothers 2. A. look B. do C. see D.put 3. A. at B. after C. for D. up 4. A. on B. of C. in D. to 5. A. man B. girl C. women D. woman 6. A. are B. is C. look like D. looking 7. A. sister B. brother C. father D. aunt 8. A. Whats B. Wheres C. Whos D. How is 9. A. his B. her C. our D. their 10. A. looks B. am C. look D. very 三. 在B欄中找出A欄英語(yǔ)句子的正確答語(yǔ) (A) (B) 1. How are you? A. I am in Row 6. 2. Can you spell it, please? B. Fine, thank you. 3. How do you do? C. Yes, b-o-o-k, book. 4. What row are you in? D. It is ten. 5. Whats two plus eight? E. Nice to meet you, too. 6. Nice to meet you. F. I am 14. 7. How old are you? G. Wang Ping is. 8. Whos not here? H. Its here. 9. Where is the bag? I. Its a book. 10. What is this in English? J. How do you do? 四. 完成對(duì)話：在對(duì)話后面的句子中選出正確的填入空白處 Jim: Excuse me, Ann. Whose black dog is this? Is it yours? Ann: Let me have a look._1_. I think its Sams. My dog is brown. Jim: Sam, look at the dog behind the tree._2_? Sam: Sorry, it isnt mine. My dog is black and white. I think it looks like Marys. Jim: _3_? Sam: Shes my friend. Look! Shes over there. Lets go and ask her. Jim: _4_. Sam: Hi, Mary! Is that dog yours? Mary: _5_. Sam: Its a lovely dog! Dont lose it! Mary: Yes, thank you. A. Whos Mary B. OK, lets go C. Oh, no its not mine D. Oh, yes. Its mine E. Is it yours 五. 用所給單詞的適當(dāng)形式填空 1. _ (He) pen is in _ (I) pencil-box. 2. _ (You) shoes _ (be) under the bed. 3. _ (Who) new ruler is this? 4. -Are these trousers _ (you)? -No, they arent _ (we) 5. Its time _ (go) and play games. 6. This is my pen. Please give it to _ (I). 7. I have two _ (baby). 8. Look! That is a _ (China) car. 9. It is _ (my teacher) sweater. 10. Now her _ ( parent) are in America. 六. 閱讀理解 (A) Bob was born in a big and rich family. His father is a university professor. He teaches American history. His mother is a very capable woman. She is the manager of a big company. She earns a lot of money, of course. Bob has two sisters and a brother. His elder sister, Jenny, is fourteen. She studies in a middle school. His younger sister, Ann, is ten. She studies in a private primary school. She has a very good memory. She is clever. His younger brother, Dick, is only six. He has just started going to school. Bob gets on well with his family. He is on good terms not only with his parents, but also with his sisters and brother. (have a friendly relationship with sb.) He is, in a word, an apple in their eyes. 根據(jù)短文的內(nèi)容，判斷下列句子的正誤：正確地答“A”，錯(cuò)誤的答“B”。 1. Bob was born in a small and rich family. 2. He has two brothers and a sister. 3. There are five people in his family. 4. Dick is only six. He studies in a private primary school. 5. “He is an apple in their eyes” means “They love him very much”. (B) Look at the clothes line in the twins bedroom. There are some clothes on it. You can see a green blouse and a yellow skirt. The trousers on the clothes line are black. They are not new but clean. Are they Lilys clothes? No. I know they are Lucys. Lilys clothes are on a clothes tree near the window. Her trousers are brown, her blouse is white and her skirt is blue. There is a new hat on the clothes tree, but its not Lilys, its Lucys. There is an old hat on Lucys bed in the room, its Lilys. There are no clothes on the other bed, the bed is Lilys. 1. What can you see in the bedroom? I can see _. A. a clothes line B. a tree C. a bed 2. What colour are Lucys trousers? They are _. A. green B. black C. brown 3. Where is Lucys hat? Its on _. A. the clothes tree B. the clothes line C. lilys bed 4. How many beds are there in the room? _. A. only one B. three C. two 5. Are there any things on Lilys bed? _. A. Yes, there is a hat on it B. No, there is not anything on it C. Sorry, I dont know (C) Its a fine Sunday morning. Ann and her mother are in a big bus. There are many people in it. Some of them come from America, and some come from England and Canada. They are all their friends. They are going to the Great Wall. There are two Chinese in the bus. One is woman. She is driving the bus. The other is a young man. He speaks good English. He is now talking about the Great Wall. The other people are all listening to him. They like the Great Wall. They want to see it very much.1. Ann and mother are going to the Great Wall _. A. by bike B. by car C. by plane D. by bus2. There are _. A. only one Chinese in the bus B. only two Chinese in the bus C. only two Chinese on the bike D. only one Chinese in the car3. The driver is _. A. a man B. a woman C. a Canadian D. an American4. The people _. A. are singing B. are talking C. are listening D. are looking at the wall5. They _. A. can see the Great Wall B. can speak English very well. C. want to talk with the man very much D. want to see the Great Wall very much 初一年級(jí)（下） 【知識(shí)梳理】 I. 重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1. a bottle of 2. a little 3. a lot (of) 4. all day 5. be from 6. be over 7. come back 8. come from 9. do ones homework 10. do the shopping 11. get down 12. get home 13. get to 14. get up 15. go shopping 16. have a drink of 17. have a look 18. have breakfast 19. have lunch 20. have supper 21. listen to 22. notat all 23. putaway 24. take off 25. throw it like that 26. would like 27. in the middle of the day 28. in the morning / afternoon/ evening 29. on a farm 30. in a factory II. 重要句型 1. Let sb. do sth. 2. Could sb. do sth.? 3. would like sth. 4. would like to do sth. 5. What about something to eat? 6. How do you spell ? 7. May I borrow? III. 交際用語(yǔ) 1. Thanks very much! Youre welcome. 2. Put it/them away. 3. Whats wrong? 4. I think so. I dont think so. 5. I want to take some books to the classroom. 6. Give me a bottle of orange juice, please. Please give it / them back tomorrow. OK. 9. Whats your favourite sport? 10. Dont worry. 11.Im (not) good at basketball. 12. Do you want a go? 13. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right. 14. Do you have a dictionary / any dictionaries? Yes, I do. / No, I dont. 15. We / They have some CDs. We / They dont have any CDs. 16. -What day is it today / tomorrow? -Its Monday. 17. -May I borrow your colour pens, please? -Certainly. Here you are. 18. -Where are you from? -From Beijing. 19. Whats your telephone number in New York? 20. -Do you like hot dogs? -Yes, I do. ( A little. / A lot. / Very much.) -No, I dont. ( I dont like them at all.) 21. -What does your mother like? -She likes dumplings and vegetables very much. 22. -When do you go to school every day? -I go to school at 7:00 every day. 23. -What time does he go to bed in the evening? -He goes to bed at 10:00. IV. 重要語(yǔ)法 1.人稱代詞的用法； 2. 祈使句； 3. 現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)的構(gòu)成和用法； 4動(dòng)詞have的用法； 5一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)構(gòu)成和用法； 6可數(shù)名詞和不可數(shù)名詞的構(gòu)成和用法 【名師講解】 1. Thats right./ Thats all right./ All right. Thats right意為“對(duì)的”，表示贊同對(duì)方的意見(jiàn)、看法或行為，肯定對(duì)方的答案或判斷。例如： I think we must help the old man.我想我們應(yīng)該幫助這位老人。Thats right.或 Youre right.說(shuō)得對(duì)。 Thats all right.意為“不用謝”、“沒(méi)關(guān)系”，用來(lái)回答對(duì)方的致謝或道歉。例如： Many thanks. Thats all right. Sorry. Its broken. Thats all right. All right.意為“行了”、“可以”，表示同意對(duì)方的建議或要求。有時(shí)還可以表示“身體很好” Please tell me about it. 請(qǐng)把此事告訴我。All right.好吧。Is your mother all right?你媽身體好嗎 2. make/do 這兩個(gè)詞都可以解釋為“做”，但含義卻不同，不能混用。make指做東西或制東西，do指做一件具體的事。 Can you make a paper boat for me? 你能為我做個(gè)紙船嗎？ Hes doing his homework now.他正在做他的作業(yè)。 3. say/speak/talk/tell say：是最口語(yǔ)化的最普通的一個(gè)詞，意為“說(shuō)出”、“說(shuō)道”，著重所說(shuō)的話。如： “I want to go there by bus” , he said . 他說(shuō)，“我要坐汽車(chē)到那里去?！?Please say it in English .請(qǐng)用英語(yǔ)說(shuō)。 speak : “說(shuō)話”，著重開(kāi)口發(fā)聲，不著重所說(shuō)的內(nèi)容，一般用作不及物動(dòng)詞 (即后面不能直接接賓語(yǔ) ) 。如： Can you speak about him? 你能不能說(shuō)說(shuō)他的情況？ I dont like to speak like this. 我不喜歡這樣說(shuō)話。 speak 作及物動(dòng)詞解時(shí)，只能和某種語(yǔ)言等連用，表達(dá)在對(duì)話中恰當(dāng)使用詞匯的能力。如： She speaks English well.她英語(yǔ)說(shuō)得好。 talk : 與 speak 意義相近，也著重說(shuō)話的動(dòng)作，而不著重所說(shuō)的話，因此，一般也只用作不及物動(dòng)詞，不過(guò)，talk 暗示話是對(duì)某人說(shuō)的，有較強(qiáng)的對(duì)話意味，著重指連續(xù)地和別人談話。如： I would like to talk to him about it . 我想跟他談那件事。 Old women like to talk with children.老年婦女喜歡和孩子們交談。 tell : “告訴”，除較少情況外，一般后面總接雙賓語(yǔ)。如： Hes telling me a story.他在給我講故事。 tell a lie 撒謊 tell sb. to do sth. /tell sb. not to do sth. Miss Zhao often tells us to study hard. 4. do cooking/ do the cooking do cooking 作“做飯”解，屬泛指。do the cooking 特指某一頓飯或某一家人的飯。cooking為動(dòng)名詞，不能用作復(fù)數(shù)，但前面可用 some, much修飾。從do some cooking可引出許多類似的短語(yǔ)： do some washing 洗些衣服 do some shopping 買(mǎi)些東西 do some reading 讀書(shū) do some writing 寫(xiě)些東西 do some fishing 釣魚(yú) 從以上短語(yǔ)可引申出另一類短語(yǔ)，不能用some, much或定冠詞。 go shopping 去買(mǎi)東西 go fishing 去釣魚(yú) go boating 去劃船 go swimming 去游泳 5. like doing sth./ like to do sth. like doing sth. 與like to do sth. 意思相同，但用法有區(qū)別。前者強(qiáng)調(diào)一般性的愛(ài)好或者表示動(dòng)作的習(xí)慣性和經(jīng)常性；后來(lái)表示一次性和偶然性的動(dòng)作。例如： He likes playing football, but he doesnt like to play football with Li Ming. 他喜歡踢足球，但是他不喜歡和李明踢。 6. other/ others/ the other/ anotherother表其余的，別的， Have you any other questions?你還有其他問(wèn)題嗎?others 別的人，別的東西 In the room some people are American, the others are French.在屋子里一些人是 美國(guó)人,其他的是法國(guó)人。 the other表另一個(gè)（二者之中）one，the other One of my two brothers studies English, the other studies Chinese. 我兩個(gè)哥哥中的一個(gè)學(xué)習(xí)英文,另一個(gè)學(xué)中文。 another表三者以上的另一個(gè)，另一些 There is room for another few books on the shelf.書(shū)架上還可以放點(diǎn)書(shū)。 7. in the tree/ on the tree in the tree 與 on the tree.譯成中文均為在樹(shù)上但英語(yǔ)中有區(qū)別。in the tree表示某人、某事（不屬于樹(shù)本身生長(zhǎng)出的別的東西）落在樹(shù)上，表示樹(shù)的枝、葉、花、果等長(zhǎng)在樹(shù)上時(shí)，要使用on the tree.如： There are some apples on the tree. 那棵樹(shù)上有些蘋(píng)果。 There is a bird in the tree.