10秋綜合英語(1)備考寶典.doc

綜合英語(1) 期末復(fù)習(xí)寶典特別提示1：12月16日20：00-22：00會安排當(dāng)代1+語音考前VOB，對本大綱內(nèi)容做重點講解。請一定注意收聽！最好能提前打印出來。特別提示2：綜合英語（1）考核范圍是教材第17單元。成績由形成性考核成績和終結(jié)考試成績構(gòu)成。形成性考核占30%，課程終結(jié)考試占70%。形成性考核：包括兩次課程作業(yè)（占課程總評成績的20%）和單元自測題（占課程總評成績的10%）。請務(wù)必準(zhǔn)時提交兩次作業(yè)，并在考試前提交所有單元測試題。特別提示3：請大家到課件復(fù)習(xí)單元里看一看模擬試題，了解試卷構(gòu)成。I. 綜合英語（1）課程終結(jié)考試介紹題型 各單項分?jǐn)?shù)/權(quán)重 筆試 單詞拼寫根據(jù)音標(biāo)拼寫單詞 1*10=10詞匯詞匯與搭配：單項選擇 2*10=20閱讀理解句子理解：單項選擇 3*5=15完形填空 2*10=20翻譯英譯漢 3*5=15漢譯英 4*5=201） 第一部分：Spelling（所有單詞選自課本重點）這個部分是根據(jù)音標(biāo)拼寫單詞。主要檢查拼寫基本功及發(fā)音知識。雖然所有的單詞都選自課本，但是一般得分情況并不很理想。一可能是對音標(biāo)，也就是基本的發(fā)音知識沒有掌握，看到音標(biāo)后不知道怎樣發(fā)音，自然就不知道是哪個詞；二可能是拼寫的問題，雖然發(fā)出了正確的發(fā)音，可是不知道是哪個詞，或者不知道該怎樣拼寫。所以，這一部分不僅要求掌握基本的音標(biāo)和發(fā)音知識，還要求熟悉課本上的詞匯的發(fā)音和拼寫（pronunciation & spelling）。如果做到了這兩點，在這個題上是很容易拿到高分的。 2） 第二部分：詞匯（單項選擇，涉及句子全部選自課本）考題大概可以分為四類。第一類是考詞的固定搭配，特別是動詞詞組。例如，This will help you to focus your attention _ the subject.A. toB. onC. inD. at這個題考的就是focus作為動詞的用法，focus on something. 所以應(yīng)該是B。所以大家在學(xué)習(xí)詞的時候，特別是動詞，一定要特別注意它的用法，和哪些詞是固定搭配。一旦掌握了這個，這類題是很容易得分的。第二類，考的是詞形相似但意思不同的詞。 例如，This means that English has some official _ as a language used in government.A. statusB. stateC. statueD. station這幾個選項的詞詞形非常相似，但意思完全不一樣。A是地位，B是狀態(tài)，C是雕像，D是車站。再看題目的意思是說英語作為一種在政府部門中使用的語言有一定的官方的地位。所以根據(jù)意思，應(yīng)該填A(yù)。這類題，要求大家在學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的時候，最好把詞形相似的詞放在一塊來學(xué)習(xí)和比較，這樣可以幫助你更好地掌握和應(yīng)用詞匯，也有利于記憶。第三類，考的主要是介詞，副詞，或者是連詞的用法。例如，The U.S., _ with 15 other nations, is set to build an International Space Station.A. awayB. alwaysC. alongD. alone這個需要根據(jù)句子的意思和介詞，副詞或連詞的用法來判斷。介詞，副詞和連詞的用法是學(xué)習(xí)英語的一大難點，因為規(guī)律性不是很強(qiáng)。所以最有效的方法是靠大家平時的積累。大量的閱讀可以幫助大家培養(yǎng)語感，根據(jù)語感來判斷是最好的方法。再加上掌握一定的規(guī)律性，就可以很好地掌握和應(yīng)用這一類詞的用法。第四類，考的主要是意思有一定的類似的地方，比較容易混淆的詞。例如，The Nazis who came to _ in Germany in 1931 believed that Jews should be destroyed.A. forceB. strengthC. powerD. command這個也是需要根據(jù)句子的意思，單詞的意思和語言的習(xí)慣去判斷的。大家在學(xué)習(xí)詞匯的時候，應(yīng)該把同義詞一塊來進(jìn)行學(xué)習(xí)和比較，這樣可以更清楚地掌握和應(yīng)用它們。而語言的習(xí)慣也是需要大家大量的閱讀來培養(yǎng)語感的。3) 第三部分：閱讀理解 包括兩部分A 句子理解 （全部選自七篇課文），考察的是對句子劃線部分的理解。這個部分考得還可以。它實際考的是paraphrase（explain English with English）的能力，但給出了三個選擇，而且都是文章中的句子，所以不難判斷出正確的理解。B cloze 選詞完形填空（選自課外）?？疾斓氖菍υ~匯，語法的掌握和應(yīng)用，及文章意思的理解。是在前一部分詞匯和語法的基礎(chǔ)上更進(jìn)一步的一個綜合能力的考察。所以在做這個題的時候，不僅需要注意每一句話的意思，還要注意整篇文章的意思。4） 第四部分：翻譯 包括兩部分：英譯漢和漢譯英這個部分是考得最理想的一個部分。英譯漢（所有句子來自課文或?qū)W習(xí)課本），考察的是英文理解和漢語表達(dá)能力。對英文的理解是最關(guān)鍵的。復(fù)雜的句子需要先把主要的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)找到，然后再來分析其他的部分是修飾主句中的哪個成分的。然后根據(jù)中文的習(xí)慣來表述。漢譯英（所考察的詞匯，短語或句型都來自單元重點）。考察的是對他們的理解和應(yīng)用。和E-C有類似的地方，就是先確定主要的意思和結(jié)構(gòu)，再填加修飾的成分，最后進(jìn)行整體的修飾和潤色。例如：我現(xiàn)在起每月要存500塊錢，或者更多一點。（textbook, page10）主要結(jié)構(gòu)是：我要存500塊錢 Ill deposit/save 500 yuan. 然后再加入修飾成分：現(xiàn)在起，每月，或者更多一點From now on Ill deposit/save 500 yuan or even more every month. 結(jié)論：80%內(nèi)容與學(xué)生用書直接有關(guān)：包含：根據(jù)音標(biāo)拼寫單詞、詞匯與搭配、句子理解、英譯漢、漢譯英。20%來自課外，包含：完形填空（20分）。II. 復(fù)習(xí)重點 (與學(xué)生用書直接有關(guān)的80%內(nèi)容)每個單元需要掌握：l 5個單詞拼寫。共35個。考10個。l 5個重點詞語用法。每個單詞我給出了兩個句子，第一句為課文中的句子(要求掌握詞匯與搭配，35句考10句)，第二句為課外的句子（要求掌握中譯英35句考5句）。l 5個難句。要求掌握句子劃線部分的paraphrase和句子的中文含義。（句子理解，英譯漢，35句考10句，5句句子理解，5句英譯漢）Unit 1需要掌握拼寫的單詞： approach assignment fortunately routine overseas需要掌握用法的單詞： 1. adjust to 適應(yīng)Do you have any problems adjusting to college? 在適應(yīng)大學(xué)生活方面你有什么問題嗎？He has quickly adjusted to the hot and dry weather of the city.他已經(jīng)很快適應(yīng)了這個城市炎熱和干燥的天氣。2. set aside 留出I set aside regular times to study. 我留出固定的時間學(xué)習(xí)。I set aside an hour everyday to review the lessons.我每天留出一小時復(fù)習(xí)功課。3. find it +adj to do sth.發(fā)現(xiàn)。怎么樣 The classes are helpful, but I find it hard to concentrate.上課有幫助，但我發(fā)現(xiàn)精力難以集中。I find it easy to remember a word after I understand the meaning.我發(fā)現(xiàn)在理解了詞義以后很容易能記住單詞。4. selective 有所選擇的I find the best thing to do is to be quite selective about what to read.最好是對要讀的東西作出選擇。You will have to be selective about what information to include in the report.你需要對報告中包括的信息有所選擇。5. spendin doing sth. Sometimes I spend a whole day just studying.有時候我花一天的時間只是在學(xué)習(xí)。I spend three hours doing my homework.我花了三小時的時間做功課。重點句子：1. I dont see how anyone can cope with it. (deal with)我不知道有誰能讀完。2. No set time, really: I do it when I get the chance. (fixed time)沒有固定時間。我有機(jī)會就學(xué)。3. I find putting my thoughts down on paper really hard. (writing down what Im thinking)我感到把自己的想法寫到紙上很不容易。4. One is more than enough. (I dont write any draft.)一次就夠多的了。5. You seem to learn the language without realizing it! (seeming not to notice it)你好象不知不覺就學(xué)了語言。Unit 2需要掌握拼寫的單詞： reputation automatically dormitory independent graduate需要掌握用法的單詞： 1. althoughAlthough her clothes appear to be well-worn, they are not old or dirty.雖然她的衣服已經(jīng)穿了很多年了，但她的衣服既不舊也不臟.Although the kitchen is small, it is well designed.雖然廚房很小，設(shè)計得很好。2. obtain 獲得 Most students can go to college, but there is a lot of competition to obtain places in better institutions.大多數(shù)學(xué)生如果想上都可以上大學(xué)，但要想在較好的高校獲得一席之地，也有不少的競爭。He obtained the loan from the school he applied to.他從他申請的學(xué)校獲得了貸款。3 as She paid for the TV herself from the money she earned as a baby-sitter.電視機(jī)是她用當(dāng)保姆掙來的錢買的。She works as a waitress.她的工作是服務(wù)員。4. work on Because the competition is tough, sue worked hard on her courses. 由于競爭激烈，休學(xué)習(xí)很刻苦。Jane is working on her graduation project.Jane在做畢業(yè)項目。5. applySue decided to apply for a place in the state university, SUNY.休決定在SUNY這所州立大學(xué)申請一個位置。You scored 630 in the TOEFL test. Did you apply to some universities for scholarships? 你托?？荚嚨昧?30 分。你向一些大學(xué)申請獎學(xué)金了嗎？重點句子:1. She does not seem to be overweight. (fat)她看起來并不超重。2. She often talks about dieting. (eating less)她總是談?wù)摴?jié)食。3. But somehow she always seems to forget about dieting when she is hungry. (for some unknown reason)但不知怎么搞的，當(dāng)她餓時，他似乎總是忘記節(jié)食。4. Her score did not qualify her for every institution she was interested in, but it qualified her comfortably for the state university.。 (Make her to meet the requirement of)她的分?jǐn)?shù)使她沒有資格申請她所感興趣的每一所大學(xué)，但她上州立大學(xué)還是綽綽有余的。5. The radio and CD player were Christmas presents from her parents, but she paid for the TV herself from money she earned as a baby-sitter. (made, got)收音機(jī)和CD播放機(jī)是她父母送給她的圣誕禮物，但電視機(jī)是她用幫別人看小孩掙的錢買的。Unit 3需要掌握拼寫的單詞： illustrate bilingual intellectual equivalent likewise需要掌握用法的單詞： 1 rely on Can we rely on the dictionary to give us the proper English for a Chinese term?我們能依賴字典給出中文詞語恰當(dāng)?shù)挠⑽淖g文嗎？You have grown up and need to rely on yourself now.現(xiàn)在你已經(jīng)長大了，該依靠自己了。2. status 地位In the U.S., intellectuals would include only people of high academic status such as college professors.在美國，“intellectual”只包括像大學(xué)教授那樣有很高學(xué)術(shù)地位的人。Women are asking to be given equal social status with men.婦女要求得到和男人平等的社會地位。3. raiseHe raised the question. 他提出了這個問題。He raised the same question as many of us would on such an occasion.他提出了我們中許多人在這種情況下可能提出的問題。4. point outThey point out that education never ends 他們指出教育是無止境的。The expert pointed out seriously that further delay would lead to big problems. 專家非常嚴(yán)肅地指出再延誤就要出大問題了。5. look forward toFriday is the last day of the working week and people are looking forward to two days of fun and leisure.Hes looking forward to the vacation, and then he can go home and visit his parents. 他期待著假期的來臨，他可以回家看望父母。重點句子:1. If this is not understood, it may lead to the kind of reaction that a visitor had shortly after he arrived in the United States. (result in/bring )如果不理解這一點，就可能做出類似一位剛到美國的出訪者那樣的反應(yīng)。2. One must be careful in assuming that different languages always have words to express the same thing. (one should not readily believe)3. These questions themselves might be surprising to some people. (causing surprise)這些問題本身可能會另一些人奇怪。4. Are the meanings of equivalent words exactly the same in both languages? (be equal to )對等的詞的意義在兩種語言中完全一樣嗎？5. People are looking forward to two days of fun and leisure. (expecting)人們盼望兩天的娛樂和休閑。Unit 4需要掌握拼寫的單詞： transport climate atmosphere traffic temperature需要掌握用法的單詞： 1. releaseWhen fossil fuels are burned, carbon gas is released into the air.這些化石燃料燃燒時，向天空排放含碳?xì)怏w。The burning of forests has released plenty of CO2 into the air.燃燒森林釋放了大量的二氧化碳(CO2)到空氣中2. effectThis is called a greenhouse gas, because it has a similar effect to the glass in the greenhouse.這被稱為溫室氣體，因為這種氣體有著同溫室玻璃相似的作用。Modern farming method can have a good effect on the environment.現(xiàn)代農(nóng)業(yè)方法對環(huán)境有著很好的作用。3. out of controlThe fires they lit got out of control.他們引燃的大火失去了控制。The car went out of control and crashed over the cliff.這輛車失去了控制，撞上了懸崖4. depend onWe must all try to depend less on using fossil fuels.我們必須努力減少對化石燃料的依賴。The country depends almost solely on the tourist trade.這個國家?guī)缀跬耆揽柯糜螛I(yè)。5avoidWe should avoid using private car. 我們還應(yīng)盡量不使用私家轎車I avoid disturbing him while he is reading.他看書的時候我盡量避免打擾他。重點句子:1. And the main cause is the burning of fossil fuels such as coal and oil. (major reason)主要原因是燃燒如煤，石油等化石燃料的結(jié)果。2. If we carry on putting more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere, the earth will become even hotter. (continue)如果我們繼續(xù)向大氣層排放更多的二氧化碳，地球?qū)⒆兊酶鼰帷?. This is not only a waster of energy, but it also adds to global warming. (makes the problem of global warming even worse. )這不僅是能源的浪費，而且加劇了全球變暖。4. Limiting population growth may be the first step that would slow down the destruction of rain forests. (make sth. move slowly)限制人口增長或許是減緩熱帶雨林毀滅的第一步。5. The atmosphere and oceans are not the only parts of the environment being damaged. Rain forests are being quickly destroyed as well, and their survival is questionable. (damaged)環(huán)境中正遭受破壞的不僅有大氣和海洋，熱帶雨林也在很快地被毀壞，而且它們是否能夠生存下來都是一個疑問。Unit 5需要掌握拼寫的單詞： sufficient economics interview professional continuous需要掌握用法的單詞： 1.aspectIf we only read textbooks, it means that we are concentrating only on one small aspect of life.如果我們只讀課本，就意味著我們把眼光僅僅局限于生活中很小的一個方面。She felt she had looked at the problem from every aspect.她覺得她已經(jīng)從各個方面看問題了。2.assumeDont just assume that everything you need to know is included in your textbook.It is reasonable to assume that the economy will continue to improve.3.despiteThis is still true today, despite the increased use of computers, and TV and radio programs.盡管我們今天更多地利用了電腦，電視和電臺節(jié)目，但這一點仍然是正確的。Despite what others say, I think hes a good guy.3. be likely thatYet when it comes to getting a job, it is likely that employers will take for granted our knowledge of the subjects we have studied.但當(dāng)我們求職時，雇主很可能理所當(dāng)然地認(rèn)為我們已經(jīng)具有了學(xué)習(xí)過的科目的知識。It is very likely that she will call me tonight.她很可能今晚給我打電話。4. byBut I always read when Im traveling by train or plane.我坐火車或飛機(jī)旅行時總是讀書。I will go to Shanghai by bus.我將乘車去上海。5. keep up withI think it is important to keep up with everything that is happening in the world.我認(rèn)為了解世界上發(fā)生的所有大事是很重要的。Its hard for me to keep up with my classmates.很難跟上我的同學(xué)們。重點句子:1. Education experts call on those who have stopped reading after their graduation to set up a proper attitude towards reading. (ask, request)教育專家呼吁那些從學(xué)校畢業(yè)后就不再讀書的人樹立一個正確的讀書觀念。2. One way of continuing your education is by reading books, magazines and newspapers on every subject under the sun. (on all possible subjects)繼續(xù)教育的一個重要途徑就是讀一切內(nèi)容的書本，雜志和報紙。3. Employers want all rounders who understand the world we live in. (people with a wide range of abilities)雇主們需要的是那些了解我們所生存世界的百事通。4. Employers want workers who understand how human relationships work, and understand how society operates. (works)雇主們需要那些了解人際關(guān)系如何起作用和社會是如何運(yùn)行的員工./ 雇主們需要這樣的員工, 他們了解人際關(guān)系如何起作用和社會是如何運(yùn)行的.5. To keep up with what is happening in the world, well-informed people read newspapers and magazines. (Maintain the same level )消息靈通的人閱讀報紙和雜志來了解世界上都在發(fā)生什么事。Unit 6需要掌握拼寫的單詞： innocent disappointment downtown amazing talented需要掌握用法的單詞： 1. an account ofIt is an account of life “in the dirty and noisy Bron” and in the quiet corners of the Hunter home.它記載了骯臟，喧鬧的Bronx和亨特家寧靜的生活。The book is an account of the authors reflections on the relationship between man and nature.本書記載了作者對人與自然關(guān)系的一些思考。2. amazedThey wanted to publish my diary, and I was amazed: apart from anything else, I wasnt even writing a diary at the time.他們想出版我的日記，我感到很驚訝：且不說別的，我那時連日記都沒有寫呢。I was amazed at the findings of their research.我對他們的調(diào)查結(jié)果感到很驚奇。3. feel/be down感到沮喪It really makes you feel down to walk around and see the things around you.走在街上看著周圍的事物真讓人垂頭喪氣。Hes been down ever since he heard the news.自從他聽到這個消息就很沮喪。4come outReports cards come out.成績單出來了。The news has just come out that the princess is going to have a baby next March.有消息說公主將在明年三月分娩。5letThey let me write whatever I wanted.他們讓我想寫什么就寫什么。He lets me do it according to the plan.他讓我根據(jù)計劃做。重點句子：1. So she was very surprised when she was approached by a major publishing house (contacted)因此，當(dāng)一家大出版社與她聯(lián)系時，她感到很驚訝。2. Richard Marek, an editor for Crown Publishers, had the idea for the book when(had the plan for)王冠出版公司編輯Richard Marek有了出這本書的打算。3. Sometimes they would just ask me to expand on a subject. (say in detail)有時他們讓我詳細(xì)談?wù)勀硞€話題。4. Ive grown accustomed to realize that nothing will be as I dreamed. (got used to)我已漸漸認(rèn)識到?jīng)]有什么東西會像我夢想的那樣。5. I love my mother but sometimes she makes me feel less than I really am. (gives me a feeling that Im not good enough )她讓我感到比真實的我渺小。Unit 7需要掌握拼寫的單詞： advantage accurate privilege impression variety需要掌握用法的單詞： 1. look likeOnly about 200 men and women have seen what our planet looks like from outer space.只有大約兩百人從外層空間看過我們的星球是什么樣子。You look like your mother.你長得象你母親。2. focusEach map gives a different view of the world. Can you identify the area which is the main focus of each map?每一幅都給我們以十分不同的景象。你能確定每一幅地圖所主要關(guān)注的地區(qū)嗎？It was the main focus of attention at the m