Atomic structure： .ppt

atomicstructureandrelativemasses 1 1theatomicnatureofmatter1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure1 3sub atomicparticles1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes1 5massspectrometer1 6relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses theatomicnatureofmatter whatis atom 1 1theatomicnatureofmatter sbp 2 thegreekphilosopherdemocritus iron 1 1theatomicnatureofmatter sbp 2 theseareironatoms dalton satomictheory johndaltonproposedhisdalton satomictheory 1 1theatomicnatureofmatter sbp 2 mainpointsofdalton satomictheory 1 1theatomicnatureofmatter sbp 2 5 atomsofdifferentelementscombinetoformacompound thenumbersofvariousatomscombinedbearasimplewholenumberratiotoeachother 1 allelementsaremadeupofatoms 2 atomscanneitherbecreatednordestroyed 3 atomsofthesameelementareidentical theyhavethesamemassandchemicalproperties 4 atomsofdifferentelementsaredifferent theyhavedifferentmassesandchemicalproperties theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 3 discoveryofelectrons abeamofrayscameoutfromthecathodeandhittheanodehecalledthebeamcathoderays 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 thebeamwascomposedofnegativelychargedfast movingparticles 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 measurethemasstochargeratio m e oftheparticlesproduced independentofthenatureofthegasinsidethedischargetube 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 thomson satomicmodel anatomiselectricallyneutral 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 howaretheparticlesdistributedinanatom anatomwasapositivelychargedspherenegativelychargedelectronsembeddedinitlikea raisinpudding 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 goldfoilscatteringexperiment performedbyernestrutherford 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 hebombardedathingoldfoilwithabeamoffast moving particles vecharged observation most particlespassedthroughthefoilwithoutdeflectionveryfew particleswerescatteredorreboundedback 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 5 interpretationoftheexperimentalresults thecondensedcoreiscalled nucleus thepositivelychargedparticleiscalled proton 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 5 rutherford satomicmodel expectation massofatom totalmassofprotons 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 5 chadwick satomicmodel presenceofneutronsprovedbyjameschadwick chadwick satomicmodel 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 5 sub atomicparticles sub atomicparticles 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 6 3kindsofsub atomicparticles protonsneutronselectrons let sthink1 acarbon 12atom 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 7 characteristicsofsub atomicparticles 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 6 relativesizeoftheatomandthenucleus 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 6 let sthink2 atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes atomicnumber 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 7 theatomicnumber z ofanelementisthenumberofprotonscontainedinthenucleusoftheatom why massnumber 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 8 themassnumber a ofanatomisthesumofthenumberofprotonsandneutronsinthenucleus atomicnumbersandmassnumbersofsomecommonatoms 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 8 isotopes 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 8 isotopesareatomsofthesameelementwiththesamenumberofprotonsbutdifferentnumbersofneutrons let sthink3 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 8 e g thetwoisotopesofchlorinearewrittenas orlabelledascl 35andcl 37 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 9 isotopesofsomecommonelements massspectrometer 1 5massspectrometer sbp 10 massspectrometer ahighlyaccurateinstrument massspectrometerconsistsof6parts 1 5massspectrometer sbp 10 massspectrumofcl2 1 8massspectrometer sbp 21 massspectrumofch3cl 1 8massspectrometer sbp 21 relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses 1 9relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses sbp 22 relativeisotopicmass therelativeisotopicmassofaparticularisotopeofanelementistherelativemassofoneatomofthatisotopeonthecarbon 12scale e g relativeisotopicmassofcl 35 35relativeisotopicmassofcl 37 37 1 9relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses sbp 22 whatiscarbon 12scale mghasthesamemassastwoc 12atoms usecarbon 12asthereferencestandard relativeatomicmass therelativeatomicmassofanelementistheweightedaverageoftherelativeisotopicmassesofitsnaturalisotopesonthecarbon 12scale 1 9relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses sbp 23 1 9relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses sbp 23 whatistherelativeatomicmassofcl therelativeabundancesofcl 35andcl 37are75 77and24 23respectively relativeatomicmassofcl 35 48 relativemolecularmass 1 9relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses sbp 23 therelativemolecularmassistherelativemassofamoleculeonthecarbon 12scale 1 9relativeisotopic atomicandmolecularmasses sbp 23 whatistherelativemolecularmassofch3cl relativemolecularmassofch3cl 50 50 theend checkpoint1 1 whatdoestheword atom literallymean whichpointofdalton satomictheoryisbasedonthelawofconservationofmassproposedbylavoisierin1774whichstatesthatmatterisneithercreatednordestroyedinthecourseofachemicalreaction whichpointofdalton satomictheoryisbasedonthelawofconstantproportionproposedbyproustin1799whichstatesthatallpuresamplesofthesamechemicalcompoundcontainthesameelementscombinedtogetherinthesameproportionsbymass 1 1theatomicnatureofmatter sbp 3 a indivisible b atomscanneitherbecreatednordestroyed c atomsofdifferentelementscombinetoformacompound thenumbersofvariousatomscombinedbearasimplewholenumberratiotoeachother back answer checkpoint1 2 atomswerefoundtobedivisible whatnameswergiventotheparticlesfoundinsidetheatoms givethemostimportantpointofthefollowingexperiments i e goldstein sgasdischargetubeexperiment ii j j thomson scathoderaytubeexperiment iii e rutherford sgoldfoilscatteringexperiment 1 2theexperimentalevidenceofatomicstructure sbp 4 a electron protonandneutron b i discoveryofcathoderays ii discoveryofelectrons iii discoveryofnucleusinatoms back answer theidentityofanelementisdeterminedbythenumberofwhichsub atomicparticle let sthink1 back 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 6 theidentityofanelementisdeterminedbythenumberofprotonsinitsatomicnucleus answer checkpoint1 3 whichpartoftheatomaccountsforalmostallthemassofthatatom b themassofwhichsub atomicparticleisoftenassumedtobezero 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 7 a nucleus b electron back answer arethereanysub atomicparticlesotherthanprotons neutronsandelectrons let sthink2 back 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 7 otherthanthethreecommontypesofsub atomicparticles proton neutronandelectron therearealsosomesub atomicparticlescalledpositron anti electron andquark answer ifbrominehastwoisotopes 79brand81br howmanyphysicallydistinguishablecombinationsofbratomsarethereinbr2 let sthink3 back 1 3sub atomicparticles sbp 7 therearethreephysicallydistinguishablecombinationsofbratoms 79br 79br 79br 81brand81br 81br inbr2 answer checkpoint1 4 writethesymbolfortheatomthathasanatomicnumberof11andamassnumberof23 howmanyprotons neutronsandelectronsdoesthisatomhave 1 4atomicnumber massnumberandisotopes sbp 8 back 11protons 12neutrons 11electrons answer checkpoint1 5 labelthedifferentpartsofthemassspectrometer 1 5massspectrometer sbp 12 back a vaporizationchamberb ionizationchamberc acceleratingelectricfieldd deflectingmagneticfielde iondetector answer themassspectrumofneonisgivenbelow determineth