英語介詞的用法.docx

介詞的主要用法：介詞是一種虛詞,不能獨(dú)立使用。介詞之后一般有名詞或代詞(賓格)或相當(dāng)于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句作它的賓語,即構(gòu)成介詞短語。有些介詞是由兩個以上的詞構(gòu)成的短語介詞,如：out of(從中出來), away from(距離), next to(在隔壁), in front of(在前方)等。2、介詞的分類表： (見下表) 地點(diǎn)(位置、范圍)介詞： after在后面, at在處, before在.前, behind在.后, beside在.旁邊, between在.之間, from來自., in在.里面, near靠近., on在.上面, outside在.外面, under在.下方, in front of在.前, in the middle of在.的中間, at the back of在.的后部,等等。 方向(目標(biāo)趨向)介詞： along沿著., around繞著., at朝著., down向下, for向., from從/離., in進(jìn)入., into進(jìn)入., near接近., off脫離/除., out of向.外, outside向.外, to向/朝., up向.上, away from遠(yuǎn)離. 時間介詞：about大約., after在以后, at在 (時刻), before在以前, for有(之久), from從(時)起, in在(上/下午); on在(某日), past過了(時), to到(下一時刻), 方式介詞：as作為/當(dāng)作., by用/由/乘坐/被., in用(語言), like與一樣, on騎(車)/徒(步), with用(材料),用(手/腳/耳/眼), 涉及介詞: about關(guān)于., in在(方面), of的,有關(guān)., to對而言, with就而言 其它介詞:【目的介詞】 for為了., to為了【比較介詞】 as與一樣,like象一樣,than比.,to與相比少,【伴隨/狀態(tài)介詞】 at在(上班/休息/上學(xué)/家,etc.),in穿著(衣服/顏色), on在(值日), with與一起,有/帶著/長著.3、介詞短語的句法作用：介詞短語相當(dāng)于一個形容詞或副詞,可用作狀語、定語和表語。如：The man came .(狀)(那個人走下樓來)/The woman is from the countryside.(定)(頭上戴花的婦女來自鄉(xiāng)下)/The teacher is now with the students.(表)(老師現(xiàn)在和學(xué)生在一起)4、介詞短語在句子中的位置： 介詞短語做狀語時,如果表示時間/地點(diǎn),可以放在句首或句尾,如果表示方向/方式/伴隨/涉及/原因/目的/比較,一般放在句尾； 介詞短語作表語時放在連系動詞之后；介詞短語作定語時,只能放在被修飾的名詞之后。如：He wanted to find a good job in Shanghai the next year.(狀語)(他想來年在上海找份好工作)/ They searched the room for the thief.(他們在房間里搜索小偷) / The letters are for you.(表語)(信是給你的)/ Have you seen a cat with a black head and four white legs?(定語)(你看見一只黑頭白腿的貓了嗎？)5、重要注釋： this / that / these / those / last / next / a / every / each等詞構(gòu)成的時間短語,前面不用任何介詞。如：Every year travellers from abroad come to visit Pingyao.(每年都有國外的游客來游覽平窯鎮(zhèn))/ He had a bad cold that week.(那個星期他患重感冒) 記住一些固定詞組： on foot(步行), at night(在晚上), play with(玩耍),look out of(朝外面看), with ones help(在的幫助下),look after(照料),look for(尋找),on a bike(=by bike)騎車, help sb. with(幫某人做)等等。6、某些介詞的用法辨析： 時間或地點(diǎn)介詞in、on、at的用法區(qū)別：表示時間時, in表示在一段時間里(在將來時句子中則表示在一段時間之后), on表示在具體的某一天或者某天的上下午等, at表示在某個時刻或者瞬間； 表示地點(diǎn)時, in表示在某個范圍之內(nèi), on表示在某個平面上或與一個面相接觸,at則表示在某個具體的場所或地點(diǎn)。如：He was born on the morning of May 10th.(他出生于五月十日的早晨)/ I usually get up at 7：00 in the morning.(我通常在早上的七點(diǎn)鐘起床) / His glasses are right on his nose.(他的眼鏡就架在他的鼻子上)/ He is at the cinema at the moment.(此刻他正在電影院) after與in表示時間的用法區(qū)別：“after+(具體時刻/從句)”表示“在時刻之后”常用于一般時態(tài)；“in+(一段時間)”表示“在(多久)之后”,常用于將來時態(tài)。如：He said that he would be here after 6：00.(他說他六點(diǎn)鐘之后會來這兒)/ My father is coming back from England in about a month.(我父親大約一個月以后從英國回來) by、in與with表示方式的用法區(qū)別：都可以表示“工具、手段”,但是by主要表示“乘坐”某個交通工具或“以方式”, in表示“使用”某種語言/文字,with表示“使用”某個具體的工具、手段。如：We see with our eyes and walk with our feet.(我們用眼睛看東西,用雙腳走路)/ Please write that article(文章) in English.(請你用英語寫那篇文章)/ Lets go to the zoo by taxi.(我們打的去動物園吧。)/ It was written by Lao She.(那是老舍寫的) in front of 與in the front of： in front of“在的前面”, 與in the front of“在的前部”。如：A car was parking in front of the hall.(大廳跟前停著一輛汽車)/ In the front of the hall stood a big desk.(大廳前部立著一個大講臺)用適當(dāng)?shù)慕樵~填空:1. Tom is the boy _ glasses.2. Please read some books _ Chinese medicine.3. She works in the day and has a rest _ night.4. My uncle works _ a farm.5. Mr Black and Yang Ling are talking _ a party.6. She wants _ buy a sweater _ her daughter.7. Its a map _ China.8. Lets have a look _ the picture.9. Whats that _ Chinese?10. Im _ Class One.11. There is a clock _ the wall _ the classroom.12. Can you see an apple _ the tree? No, But I can see a bird _ the tree.13. There is a purse _ here.14. There is a boat _ the lake.15. There are many kites _ the sky.16. What clothes is she wearing? She is _ red.17. Can you see the boy _ the bike?18. The woman _ a yellow dress is my mother.19. Who can you see _ the picture?20. Whos the man _ your mother and father?21. Gao Shan gets up _ 6:00 _ the morning.22. We dont have classes _ Sunday morning.23. What do you often do _ Saturday?24. Can you help me _ my maths?25. Whats wrong _ you?26. Whos _ duty?27. Its time _ supper.28. She cant find the way. So she asks the policeman _ help.29. A man _ Shanghai goes to the park _ his daughter.30. Your socks are _ the desk. Put them away. You must look _ your things.31. My sister is drawing a picture _ crayons.32. Im thirsty. What _ you?33. What would you like _ breakfast?34. He is American. He is _ the USA.35. He is _ home. He isnt _ school.36. The lunch _ our school is good.37. He is playing _ a you-you.38. I am good _ running. Tom does well _ jumping.39. The girls play cards _ class.40. Take _ the old coat. Put _ the new one.41. Im looking _ my dog. I cant find it.42. They are talking _ Mr. Green. They are talk _ the film.43. The cat is running _ the mouse.44. Peter looks _ his father.45. He is learning French _ the tape.46. Frenchmen come _ France.47. Please write _ me soon.48. Jack goes to school _ foot. Jim goes to school _ bike.49. The farm is not far _ his home.50. Dont be late _ school.51. Shes ill. She stays _ bed all day.52. There are a lot of people _ Red Apple Hotel.53. The supermarket is open _ 9:00 a.m. _ 9:00 p.m.54. They are getting _ the bus.55. We are playing football _ the playground.56. _ weekends, when do you get up?57. The bookshop is not _ Shanghai Street, it is _ Beiji