語言學樹型圖.doc

a) Jim has washed the dirty shirts and pants. InflP(=S) NP VP N Aux V NP Det A NP N CON NJim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsORInflP(=S) NP VP N Infl V NP Det A NP N CON NJim has washed the dirty shirts and pantsb) Helen put on her clothes and went out. S NP VP N VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went outORInflP(=S) NP Infl VP N Pst VP CON VP VP NP V Adv V P Det N Helen put on her clothes and went outc) Mary is fond of literature but tired of statistics. S NP VP N VP CON VP VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P NMary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statisticsORInflP(=S) NP Infl VP N Pres VP CON VP VP NP VP NP V A P N V A P NMary is fond of literature but (is) tired of statistics 6. The following sentences all contain embedded clauses that function as complements of a verb, an adjective, a preposition or a noun. Draw a tree structure for each sentence.a) You know that I hate war. S NP VP CP N V C S NP VP N V NP N You know that I hate warOR CP C InflP(=S) NP Infl VP CP N Pres V C S NP VP N V NP N You know that I hate warb) Gerry cant believe the fact that Anna flunked the English exam. S NP VP N VP NP CP Aux Neg V NP C S Det N NP VP N V NP Det A N Gerry can not believe the fact thatAnna flunked the English examc) Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce. S NP VP CP N VL A C S NP VP Det N V NP NP N Det N Chris was happy that his father bought him a Rolls-Royce d) The children argued over whether bats had wings. S NP VP CP Det N VP C S V P NP VP N V NP N The children argued over whether bats had wings7. Each of the following sentences contains a relative clause. Draw the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of the sentences.a) The essay that he wrote was excellent. Deep structureCP C S NP VP Det N CP V AP C S P NP Infl VP N V NP N The essay he wrote that was excellent Surface Structure CP C S NP VP Det N CP V AP C S P NP NP Infl VP N N Pst V NP N The essay that he wrote e was excellentc) Herbert bought a house that she loved. Deep structureCP C S NP VP N Infl V NP CP Det N C S NP Infl VP NP N V N Herbert bought a house she loved that Surface Structure CP C S NP VP N Infl V NP CP Det N S C NP Infl VP NP NP N V N N Herbert bought a house (that) she loved ed) The girl whom he adores majors in linguistics. Deep structureCP C S NP VP Det N CP V PP P NP C Infl S N NP VP N VP NP V N The girl he adores whom majors in linguistics Surface StructureCP C S NP VP Det N CP V PP P NP C S N NP NP Infl VP N N VP NP V N The girl whom he adores e majors in linguistics8. The derivations of the following sentences involve the inversion transformation. Give the deep structure and the surface structure trees for each of these sentences.a) Would you come tomorrow? Deep structureCP C S VP NP AdvP N Infl V Adv you would come tomorrow Surface structureCP C S VP NP AdvP Infl N Infl V Adv would you e come tomorrow f) What was Helen bringing to the party?Deep structureCP C S VP NP PP NP NP N Infl V