淺析目前建筑機械的施工存在問題及改進措施中英文.doc

此文檔收集于網(wǎng)絡(luò)，如有侵權(quán)，請聯(lián)系網(wǎng)站刪除淺析目前建筑機械施工存在問題及改進措施中英文Analysis of the current construction machinery construction problems and improvement measures建筑行業(yè)在我國近十年獲得了飛速發(fā)展，建筑行業(yè)的施工質(zhì)量和效率不斷地引起了行業(yè)內(nèi)的關(guān)注。為了不斷地提高建筑施工水平，大量的建筑機械投入到建筑施工中。建筑設(shè)備的應(yīng)用不僅在工程施工技術(shù)方面帶來了發(fā)展，并且對于減輕施工壓力起到促進作用。目前，應(yīng)用較為廣泛的建筑施工機械主要包括：泵車、起重機、工程機械和升降機等，這些機械的運行狀態(tài)直接決定了工程的質(zhì)量和效率。關(guān)于建筑機械使用分析中，我國相關(guān)專業(yè)人員研究了合理進行調(diào)控設(shè)備的基本策，并針對特殊機械設(shè)計了管理方案。本文在此基礎(chǔ)上，分析目前建筑機械施工存在問題，并結(jié)合工作實際管理經(jīng)驗提出改進措施，為建筑機械使用提供理論指導(dǎo)。The construction industry in our country nearly ten years the rapid development of the construction industry, the construction quality and efficiency continue to cause industry attention. In order to improve the construction level, construction machinery and huge investment to construction. Application of construction equipment in the construction technology not only brings development, and to promote action to reduce construction pressure. At present, construction machinery widely used mainly include: pump truck, crane, engineering machinery and lifting, running state of the machine directly determines the quality and efficiency of projects. Analysis of construction machinery in use, our country related studies basic policy reasonable control equipment, and in view of the special machine design the management scheme. On this basis, analyzed the existing problems of construction machinery construction at present, and connecting with the working practice experience of management and puts forward the improvement measures, to provide theoretical guidance for the use of construction machinery.一、建筑機械使用存在的問題分析Analysis of the existing problems, the use of a construction machinery機械設(shè)備的合理使用和管理是建筑行業(yè)施工管理的重要內(nèi)容。在我國不斷投入機械設(shè)備使用的過程中，由于缺乏切實有效的管理方法，導(dǎo)致了機械設(shè)備使用過程中出現(xiàn)失誤，引發(fā)一系列的安全施工，存在的問題主要如下：Rational use and management of mechanical equipment is an important content of the construction management of building industry. In the process of our continuous investment in machinery and equipment in use, due to the lack of practical management methods, led to the failure process in mechanical equipment, construction safety caused a series of problems, mainly as follows:（一）操作人員缺乏指導(dǎo)，出現(xiàn)違章操作( a ) the operator is lack of guidance, the emergence of illegal operation建筑機械設(shè)備由于功率大，作業(yè)載荷重，若在使用過程中不正確操作很容易引發(fā)安全事故。目前，從事建筑機械設(shè)備操作的人員基本為臨時接受培訓(xùn)，缺乏專業(yè)機械使用知識，在使用和操作建筑機械過程中不能嚴格執(zhí)行使用說明，從而造成機械設(shè)備的損壞，甚至造成人員的傷亡。Construction machinery and equipment due to large power, heavy work load, if in the process of using incorrect operation is very easy to cause the safety accident. At present, in the construction machinery and equipment operating personnel for temporary training, lack of professional mechanical knowledge, not strictly implement the instructions in the use and operation of construction machinery process, thereby causing damage to machinery and equipment, and even cause casualties.（二）機械設(shè)備管理不當，不能保證設(shè)備的正常使用 在建筑機械使用過程中，缺乏合理的管理會造成機械設(shè)備使用壽命大幅下降。由于施工方過度重視工程的施工進度，不能考慮機械設(shè)備的管理方案，使機械設(shè)備得不到適當休整，一直處于工作狀態(tài)。并且，使用過程中缺乏合理的維護工作，例如，對于作業(yè)載荷重的設(shè)備要定期進行關(guān)鍵運動部位的潤滑和除雜質(zhì)。（三）缺乏機械設(shè)備檢測措施，管理存在漏洞( two ) mechanical equipment management is undeserved, can not guarantee the normal operation of the device used in construction machinery process, lack of proper management will cause the service life of the mechanical equipment dropped. Because the construction side attach too much importance to the construction progress of the project, management scheme of mechanical equipment can not be taken into account, the mechanical equipment is not properly rest, always in working state. And, in the process of using the lack of reasonable maintenance work, for example, for the equipment work load to regularly carry out key moving parts of lubrication and impurities. ( three ) the lack of mechanical equipment inspection measures, the existence of loopholes in management機械設(shè)備隨著使用時間的增加，故障率會不斷地增加。在建筑機械使用過程中，若機械設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障，大多數(shù)情況都會出現(xiàn)警示信號。對于高負載的作業(yè)機械，機械結(jié)構(gòu)部件很容易出現(xiàn)變形和裂紋，在使用過程中若不能及時發(fā)現(xiàn)這些故障信號，就會導(dǎo)致設(shè)備進一步惡化，出現(xiàn)設(shè)備的損壞。Mechanical equipment with increased use of time, the failure rate will continue to increase. In the construction machinery in use process, if the equipment failure, in most cases will appear warning signal. For high load operation machinery, mechanical components are prone to deformation and crack, in use process, if not timely detection of the fault signal, will lead to further deterioration of equipment, equipment damage.（四）機械設(shè)備安裝工程技術(shù)落后，導(dǎo)致施工存在安全隱患機械設(shè)備的安裝工程對于建筑機械設(shè)備正常工作有著重要的作用，只有保證設(shè)備初始的安裝才能進一步加強設(shè)備的應(yīng)用管理。在目前的建筑施工過程中，機械設(shè)備安裝技術(shù)人員技術(shù)落后，安裝過程中不注意細節(jié)，并且在安裝完的調(diào)試階段存在缺陷，嚴重威脅著設(shè)備的安全作業(yè)。并且，對于安裝存在細微的失誤不容易被察覺，只有在后期的應(yīng)用中才會出現(xiàn)明顯信號，給安裝工程帶來了嚴峻挑戰(zhàn)。( four ) mechanical equipment installation engineering technology is backward, causing installation hidden safety problems of machinery and equipment for construction machinery and equipment normal work plays an important role, only to ensure application management to install equipment initial further strengthen equipment. In the construction process of the technical personnel, mechanical equipment installation technology is backward, the details do not pay attention to the installation process, and there are defects in the installation of debugging phase, a serious threat to the safe operation of equipment. And, for installation in a tiny mistake is not easy to be detected, will appear obvious signal only in the latter part of the application, has brought serious challenges to the installation engineering.二、建筑機械的管理分析Analysis of two, construction machinery management加強建筑機械的管理，提高企業(yè)對核心設(shè)備的掌控能力，發(fā)揮出機械設(shè)備的最大作用，不斷地提升企業(yè)的施工能力和競爭力。因此，建筑施工企業(yè)必須結(jié)合企業(yè)設(shè)備的擁有情況，展開使用調(diào)查，并根據(jù)具體的使用情況提出改善意見。本文通過實際工作經(jīng)驗，提出的改進管理措施主要如下：Strengthen the construction machinery management, improve the ability to control the core equipment business, play the biggest role of machinery and equipment, continuously improve the ability of construction and competitiveness of enterprises. Therefore, the construction enterprises must combine enterprise equipment owned, using survey, and according to the use of specific recommendations for improvement. In this paper, through practical work experience, improve the management measures are proposed as follows:（一）建立全方位的建筑機械施工管理信息系統(tǒng)信息管理是目前建筑機械管理中重要發(fā)展方向，構(gòu)建機械設(shè)備的管理系統(tǒng)有著重要的意義。通過調(diào)查企業(yè)現(xiàn)所擁有的機械設(shè)備，形成管理設(shè)備系統(tǒng)策略，主要內(nèi)容包括：定期輸入機械設(shè)備的使用時間、運營狀況、設(shè)備的使用說明和設(shè)備的安全操作規(guī)章等內(nèi)容，并且系統(tǒng)能夠自動報警，輸出管理信息，幫助管理人員進行決策設(shè)備的管理問題。另外，系統(tǒng)應(yīng)包含新設(shè)備引入模塊，幫助管理者從設(shè)備開始使用階段進行全方位的管理。( a ) the establishment of a full range of construction machinery and construction management information system of information management is the management of construction machinery is an important direction of development, has the vital significance to construct mechanical equipment management system. Through the investigation of enterprises now have the machinery and equipment, the formation of equipment management system strategy, the main contents include: regular input instructions and equipment using time, operation conditions, equipment machinery and equipment of the safety operation regulations, and the system will automatically alarm, output management information, management issues to help managers make decisions of equipment. In addition, the system should include new equipment introduction module, help managers began using the stage for a full range of management from equipment.（二）加強安全管理，制定有效的安全管理內(nèi)容機械設(shè)備的安全管理關(guān)系著整個工程的成敗，在施工過程中應(yīng)制定詳細的安全管理內(nèi)容。安全管理應(yīng)包含設(shè)備從開始投入生產(chǎn)，到正常施工，再到維護和維修，形成全時段的安全管理策略。并且，安全管理中應(yīng)制定重點管理設(shè)備清單，采取更加周到的監(jiān)管措施。( two ) to strengthen safety management, safety management to develop safety management content of mechanical equipment and effective relationship with the success of the project, in the construction process should formulate the detailed content of safety management. Safety management should include equipment from start of production, to the normal construction, and then to the maintenance and repair, safety management strategy to form all the time. And, should make the key management equipment list of safety management, take a more thoughtful and regulatory measures.（三）構(gòu)建人員管理機制，保證合理的使用和管理設(shè)備對于建筑機械所涉及的工作人員分為操作人員、設(shè)備管理人員和設(shè)備維護人員，應(yīng)構(gòu)建所有人員的工作職責機制，保證每一位員工能夠在工作崗位上發(fā)揮正常作用。對于操作人員應(yīng)形成良好的培訓(xùn)機制，保證操作人員的技術(shù)能夠適應(yīng)機械設(shè)備技術(shù)的發(fā)展。管理人員應(yīng)對整個施工的機械設(shè)備保持實時的管理和操控，能夠及時的發(fā)現(xiàn)設(shè)備存在問題并采取應(yīng)急措施。設(shè)備維護人員不僅要在設(shè)備出現(xiàn)故障時發(fā)揮作用，而且要到設(shè)備施工現(xiàn)場，進行設(shè)備的運行狀況調(diào)查。( three ) construction of the management mechanism, to ensure rational use and management of equipment involved in construction machinery staff is divided into operating personnel, equipment management and equipment maintenance personnel, should construct the responsibility mechanism of all personnel, to ensure every employee can play a role in normal work. The operator should form a good training mechanism, ensure the operation of the technical staff to adapt to the development of machinery technology. Management personnel to deal with the whole construction machinery and equipment to maintain real-time management and control, can be found on equipment problems and take emergency measures. Equipment maintenance personnel should not only play a role in equipment failure,