八年級(jí)英語(yǔ)下Unit5知識(shí)詳解.doc

Unit 5 What were you doing when the rainstorm came? 一、重點(diǎn)短語(yǔ) 1. make sure 確信;確認(rèn) 2. beat against. 拍打 3. fall asleep 進(jìn)人夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)；睡著 4. die down 逐漸變?nèi)?；逐漸消失 5. wake up 醒來(lái) 6. in a mess 一團(tuán)糟 7. break. . apart 使分離 8. in times of difficulty 在困難的時(shí)候 9. at the time of 當(dāng).時(shí)候 10. go off (鬧鐘)發(fā)出響聲 11. take a hot shower 洗熱水澡 12. miss the bus 錯(cuò)過(guò)公交車(chē) 13. pick up 接電話(huà) 14. bring. together 使靠攏 15. in the area 在這個(gè)地區(qū) 16. miss the event 錯(cuò)過(guò)這個(gè)事件 17. by the side of the road 在路邊 18. the Animal Helpline 動(dòng)物保護(hù)熱線(xiàn) 19. walk by 走路經(jīng)過(guò) 20. make ones way to.在某人去的路上 21. hear the news 聽(tīng)到這個(gè)消息 22.important events in history 歷史上的重大事件 23.for example 例如 24.be killed 被殺害 25.over 50 5 0多(歲） 26.a school pupil 一個(gè)小學(xué)生 27.on the radio 通過(guò)廣播 28.in silence 沉默;無(wú)聲 29.more recently 最近地;新近 30.the World Trade Center 世貿(mào)中心 31.take down 拆除;摧毀 32.have meaning to 對(duì)有意義 33.remember doing sth. 記得做過(guò)某事 34.at first 首先;最初 二、知識(shí)點(diǎn)講解：1. What was the girl doing at the time of the rainstorm?該句是含有過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的句子。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)刻或某一段時(shí)間內(nèi)正在進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作。過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)常與表示過(guò)去的某一特定的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用。如：at two oclock yesterday afternoon, at that time, just then.其基本結(jié)構(gòu)是“was/were + v.ing 形式”如：He was reading a book at 5:00 p.m. Yesterday.What was he doing at this time yesterday?2.at that time of 意為“在時(shí)”，其后跟名詞或者名詞短語(yǔ)。如：It is important to keep calm at the time of danger.She cried out at the time of hearing the terrible news about MH370.3.So, when the rainstorm suddenly came,Suddenly用做副詞，表示突然，忽然。 形容詞形式為sudden，習(xí)慣用語(yǔ): all of a sudden=suddenly 出乎意料的I suddenly remembered that I didnt water my vegetables in my QQ farm.The girl began laughing all of a sudden.4.My alarm didnt go off so I got up late.1)alarm “鬧鐘”還可以表示 “警報(bào)”As soon as they heard the alarm, they fell in for action.2)go off 是“動(dòng)詞+副詞”短語(yǔ) 意為“發(fā)出響聲”go off還有以下含義：表示電氣等斷掉，熄火The lights in my room suddenly went off just now.表示食物變質(zhì)，變壞。如The meat has gone off.表示離開(kāi)，離去The school bus goes off at 7:15 every day.與go有關(guān)的動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)go out熄滅；出去 go away 離開(kāi) go through 通過(guò) go on 繼續(xù) go over 仔細(xì)檢查 go by 時(shí)間過(guò)去5.I called at seven and you didnt pick up.pick up 意為“拾起，撿起”，在此句語(yǔ)境中意為接電話(huà)。請(qǐng)注意當(dāng)賓語(yǔ)是代詞時(shí)，須置于pick與up之間Please pick up the books on the floor.The books are on the floor. Please pick them up.Pick up 還有“搭車(chē)，接某人，學(xué)會(huì)”之意。6.I called again at eight and you didnt answer either.either 副詞 意為“也”They didnt catch the early plane, and we didnt either.either,too,與alsoeither 用于否定句中，放于句末表示“也”She cant speak English, I cant either.too 用于肯定句中，放于句末表示“也”I can dance and sing too.also用于肯定句，放于be動(dòng)詞，情態(tài)動(dòng)詞后，實(shí)意動(dòng)詞前表示“也”I am also a beautiful girl.7.So while you were sleeping, I called Jenny and she helped me.該句中的while用做連詞，意為“當(dāng)時(shí)”While we were talking, the teacher came in.復(fù)習(xí)一下while 和when 的區(qū)別while 還可做并列連詞，表示對(duì)照關(guān)系，意為“而，卻”He is strong while his brother is weak.8.Black clouds were making the sky every dark.make+賓語(yǔ)+賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ) 結(jié)構(gòu)，其中make意為“使變?yōu)?；使處于某種狀態(tài)”The lecture made me sleepy.The news made me very excited.make的常用結(jié)構(gòu)：（1）make sb. to do sth.使某人做某事 如：I think a good film should make me to keep my curiosity all the time.(2)make it+adj.+ for sb. to do sth. 使做某事對(duì)某人來(lái)說(shuō)成為 如Hard work makes it possible for Tom to be the best student.9.With on light outside, it felt like midnight. feel like 意為感受到， 其中l(wèi)ike 為介詞，意為“像”，后接名詞，代詞或者動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)。如：I feel like a child when I am with my parents.10.The news on TV reported that a heavy rainstorm was in the area.1) 該句中的report用作動(dòng)詞，意為“報(bào)道，公布”，常用結(jié)構(gòu)：Its reported that 據(jù)報(bào)道Its reported that over 20 people were killed in the accident.2)area用作名詞，意為“地區(qū)，區(qū)域”I like the house but Im not satisfied with the area.11.Bens dad was putting pieces of wood over the windows while his mom was making sure the flashing and radio were working.1)wood 意為“木頭”，是不可數(shù)名詞，常與量詞短語(yǔ) a piece of 連用。a piece of wood 意為“一塊木頭”Dont let the fire go out, theres plenty of wood.2)make sure 是個(gè)動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)，意為“確保，核實(shí)，查清楚”其后跟賓語(yǔ)從句或of 連接的短語(yǔ)作賓語(yǔ)。如：We will try out best to make sure you enjoy your visit.Ill make sure of the time of the flight.11.Ben was helping his mom make dinner when the rain began to beat heavily against the windows.1)beat 用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“（風(fēng)雨）拍打；（心臟）跳動(dòng)”如：The rain beat against the car windscreen.Her heart beat fast with joy.beat還可用作及物動(dòng)詞，意為“打敗，戰(zhàn)勝”，其后接表示人的詞作賓語(yǔ)，如：We werent sure we could beat them.2)heavily用作副詞，意為“很大程度上；大量地”如The country depends heavily on its tourist trade.heavily 還可表示猛烈地All at once it began to rain heavily.3)該句中的against 用作介詞，表示接觸，意為“撞擊，碰”She fell down and hit her head against the ground.against用法歸納：1）表示“反對(duì)，與相反”，反義詞是for 如We are for peace and against war.2）表示“緊靠，倚在”，如A piano stood against the wall.12.He finally fell asleep when the wind was dying down at around 3:00 a.m.1）fall asleep 為固定短語(yǔ)，意為“進(jìn)入夢(mèng)鄉(xiāng)，睡著”He lay down on the sofa and soon fell asleep.The football match was so boring that I could not help falling asleep.2）辨析asleep,sleep,與sleepyasleep是形容詞，意為“睡著的，睡熟的”一般只作表語(yǔ)或賓補(bǔ)The baby is asleep in the bed.sleep名詞或動(dòng)詞，意為“睡覺(jué)”Its important to get enough sleep.sleepy 形容詞，意為“困倦的”常用作表語(yǔ)Im too sleepy to watch the end of the show.3)die down 是固定短語(yǔ)，意為“逐漸變?nèi)酰饾u消失”After autumn, many leaves died down.Peoples patient is dying down during the long waiting time.13.When he woke up, the sun was rising.1)wake up 意為“醒來(lái)”，wake sb. up 意為“把某人叫醒”如I didnt wake up until I heard the alarm clock.Mother will get angry if you wake the baby up.2)rise用作不及物動(dòng)詞，意為“上升，增加”She felt anger rising in her heart.rise與raiserise為不及物動(dòng)詞，著重指“上升，升高”，表示人或事物本身由低處移向高處。She rose from her seat and went out.raise是及物動(dòng)詞，著重指“抬起，舉起，提起”，強(qiáng)調(diào)把某物從較低抬到較高處。arise 不及物動(dòng)詞，尤指問(wèn)題，困境的發(fā)生，出現(xiàn)If you dont solve this problem, more problems will arise.如果你不解決這個(gè)問(wèn)題，就將產(chǎn)生更多問(wèn)題。If you know the answer, please raise your hand.raise raised raisedarise arose arisenrise rose risen14.How can we help each other in times of difficulty?in times of 意為“在的時(shí)候”介詞of后跟名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)。如：Every is happier in times of plenty.Help each other out in times of need.15.Kate waited for someone to walk by.該句中的to walk by 路過(guò) 是動(dòng)詞不定式做后置定語(yǔ)，修飾不定代詞some one.I have too much homework to do this week.The park is a good place to have fun.16.People often remember what they were doing when they heard the news of important events in history.remember 用作動(dòng)詞，意為“記住”，其反義詞為forget。兩詞意義相反，用法相同。I remember/forget to go to supermarket to buy food.我記得/忘記要去超市買(mǎi)食物。I remember/forget seeing him once.我記得/忘記曾經(jīng)見(jiàn)過(guò)他一次。17.On this day, Dr. Martin Luther King was killed.1)on this day意為“在這一天”，具體到某天或某天的早中晚用介詞onThe event happened on September 18,2010.2)was killed是一般過(guò)去時(shí)的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，意為“被殺死”18.We were having fun in the playground when the school bell rang.have fun 意為“過(guò)的愉快；玩得高興”，與having good time或enjoy oneself同義Summer is here,Li Ming .Lets have fun!have fun后還可接動(dòng)名詞形式，表示“愉快地做某事”We had fun/had a great time/ enjoyed ourselves singing and dancing at the party.19.We were completely surprised.surprised意為“驚訝的；吃驚的” 多修飾人surprising意為“令人驚訝的，使人吃驚的”My father wasnt surprised at the surprising news.20.School closed for the day, and Robert and his friends walked home in silence.1)close 動(dòng)詞 “關(guān)閉”closed 形容詞 “關(guān)著的”2）in silence 意為“默默地”其中silence是名詞，意為“沉默，無(wú)聲”，形容詞是silent“寂靜的，沉默的”There was a long silence after I asked you the question.21.Even the date-September 11,2001-has meaning to most Americans.have meaning to意為“對(duì)有特殊意義”The gift has special meaning to my mom.the meaning of意為“的意思”I dont know the meaning of the word.22.I didnt believe him at first, but then I looked out the window and realized that it was true.1)at first相當(dāng)于at the beginning，表示“當(dāng)初，起初”與后來(lái)的事情發(fā)生對(duì)應(yīng)。At first I didnt want to go, but soon I changed my mind.first of all表示“首先，最重要的是”，說(shuō)明順序，是時(shí)間上或一系列行動(dòng)的開(kāi)始，后面往往接著next,then等First of all, open the windows, then turn off the gas.2)realize用作動(dòng)詞，意為“認(rèn)識(shí)到；了解到”后跟名詞，代詞，或從句。She spoke English so well that I never realized that she was a German.realize還可表示“實(shí)現(xiàn)；實(shí)行”I will work hard to realize my dream of becoming an engineer.23. I had trouble thinking clearly after that because I was afraid.have trouble in doing sth.意為“做某事有困難”I had trouble passing my math exam.類(lèi)似用法還有have fun doing sth./ have a hard time doing sth. 三、語(yǔ)法過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí) (一）定義 ：過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，是表示過(guò)去某個(gè)具體時(shí)刻正在進(jìn)行的事情或動(dòng)作。 （二）結(jié)構(gòu) was/were +doing (現(xiàn)在分詞） （三）用法 1、過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)表示過(guò)去某段時(shí)間內(nèi)持續(xù)進(jìn)行的動(dòng)作或者事情。常用的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)this morning, the whole morning, all day yesterday, from nine to ten last evening, when, while例如：（1）We were watching TV from seven to nine last night. 昨天晚上七點(diǎn)到九點(diǎn)的時(shí)候我們?cè)诳措娨暋?（2）What was he researching all day last Sunday? 上周日他一整天都在研究什么？ （3）My brother fell while he was riding his bicycle and hurt himself. 我哥哥騎自行車(chē)的時(shí)候從車(chē)上摔下來(lái)，受傷了。 （4）It was raining when they left the station.他們離開(kāi)車(chē)站的時(shí)候天正在下雨。 （5）.When I got to the top of the mountain, the sun was shining. 當(dāng)我到達(dá)山頂?shù)臅r(shí)候，陽(yáng)光燦爛。 2. 過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)可以表示在過(guò)去某個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)發(fā)生的事情。時(shí)間點(diǎn)可以用介詞短語(yǔ)、副詞或從句來(lái)表示。如： What was she doing at nine oclock yesterday? 昨天晚上九點(diǎn)她在做什么？ (介詞短語(yǔ)表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)) When I saw him he was decorating his room. 當(dāng)我看見(jiàn)他的時(shí)候他正在裝飾房間。 (when從句表示時(shí)間點(diǎn)) 3. 在復(fù)合句中，如果主要?jiǎng)幼骱捅尘皠?dòng)作都是延續(xù)的或同時(shí)發(fā)生的，那么主從句的動(dòng)詞都可用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)。例如： While he was waiting for the bus, he was reading a newspaper. 他邊等車(chē)邊看報(bào)。 (兩個(gè)動(dòng)作都是延續(xù)的) He was cleaning his car while I was cooking.他擦車(chē)時(shí)我在做飯。(兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)進(jìn)行) 4、表示在過(guò)去即將發(fā)生的動(dòng)作。如：She asked him whether he was coming back for supper. 5、表示過(guò)去的反復(fù)性或習(xí)慣性的動(dòng)作，常與副詞always,constantly,continually,frequently等連用，常常帶有說(shuō)話(huà)人的某種感情色彩。如： His mother was always working like that.他目前總是那樣工作。 6. 通常不能用于過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的動(dòng)詞主要有：agree, be, believe, belong, care, forget, hate, have(擁有), hear, know, like, love, mean, mind, notice, own, remember, seem, suppose, understand, want, wish等。例如：誤：I was knowing the answer.正：I knew the answer. 我知道答案。 誤：I wasnt understanding him.正：I didnt understand him. 我不明白他的意思。 when 和while的用法區(qū)別 兩者的區(qū)別如下：when是at or during the time that, 既指時(shí)間點(diǎn)，也可指一段時(shí)間； while是during the time that，只指一段時(shí)間，因此when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句中的動(dòng)詞可以是終止性動(dòng)詞，也可以是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞，而while從句中的動(dòng)詞必須是延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞。 when 說(shuō)明從句的動(dòng)作和主句的動(dòng)作可以是同時(shí)，也可以是先后發(fā)生；while 則強(qiáng)調(diào)主句的動(dòng)作在從句動(dòng)作的發(fā)生的過(guò)程中或主從句兩個(gè)動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生。 由when引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句，主句用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)，從句應(yīng)用一般過(guò)去時(shí)；如果從句和主句的動(dòng)作同時(shí)發(fā)生，兩句都用過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)的時(shí)候，多用while引導(dǎo)，如：a. When the teacher came in, we were talking. 當(dāng)此句改變主從句的位置時(shí)，則為： While we were talking, the teacher came in. b They were singing while we were dancing. 練習(xí)題一、英漢互譯。 1. 在什么時(shí)間_ 2. 在圖書(shū)館_ 3. 在公交車(chē)站_ 4. wait for the bus. _ 5.pick up_6. walk home_ 7. 鬧鐘響_ 8.接電話(huà)_ 9. 忙于做某事_ 10. 雨下得很大_ 二、單項(xiàng)選擇。 1. _ I got back, I found my mother cooking for me. A. When B. Before C. Since D. Although 2. There arent many tickets left for the concert, youd better _ that you got one today. A. make sure of B. make a decision C. make sure D. make plans 3. We will_ the City Park next Sunday morning. A. clean up B. look up C. give up D. set up 4. -Linda, I called you this morning, but nobody answered the phone. - I am sorry. I _ football with my friends then. A. play B. played C. am playing D. was playing 5. -I didnt see you at the meetin