常用數(shù)學(xué)英語詞匯.doc

常用數(shù)學(xué)英語詞匯數(shù)學(xué) mathematics, maths(BrE), math(AmE)公理 axiom定理 theorem計(jì)算 calculation運(yùn)算 operation證明 prove假設(shè) hypothesis, hypotheses(pl.)命題 proposition算術(shù) arithmetic加 plus(prep.), add(v.), addition(n.)被加數(shù) augend, summand加數(shù) addend和 sum減 minus(prep.), subtract(v.), subtraction(n.)被減數(shù) minuend減數(shù) subtrahend差 remainder乘 times(prep.), multiply(v.), multiplication(n.)被乘數(shù) multiplicand, faciend乘數(shù) multiplicator積 product除 divided by(prep.), divide(v.), division(n.)被除數(shù) dividend除數(shù) divisor商 quotient等于 equals, is equal to, is equivalent to大于 is greater than小于 is lesser than大于等于 is equal or greater than小于等于 is equal or lesser than運(yùn)算符 operator數(shù)字 digit數(shù) number自然數(shù) natural number整數(shù) integer小數(shù) decimal小數(shù)點(diǎn) decimal point分?jǐn)?shù) fraction分子 numerator分母 denominator比 ratio正 positive負(fù) negative零 null, zero, nought, nil十進(jìn)制 decimal system二進(jìn)制 binary system十六進(jìn)制 hexadecimal system權(quán) weight, significance進(jìn)位 carry截尾 truncation四舍五入 round下舍入 round down上舍入 round up有效數(shù)字 significant digit無效數(shù)字 insignificant digit代數(shù) algebra公式 formula, formulae(pl.)單項(xiàng)式 monomial多項(xiàng)式 polynomial, multinomial系數(shù) coefficient未知數(shù) unknown, x-factor, y-factor, z-factor等式，方程式 equation一次方程 simple equation二次方程 quadratic equation三次方程 cubic equation四次方程 quartic equation不等式 inequation階乘 factorial對數(shù) logarithm指數(shù)，冪 exponent乘方 power二次方，平方 square三次方，立方 cube四次方 the power of four, the fourth powern次方 the power of n, the nth power開方 evolution, extraction二次方根，平方根 square root三次方根，立方根 cube root四次方根 the root of four, the fourth rootn次方根 the root of n, the nth root集合 aggregate元素 element空集 void子集 subset交集 intersection并集 union補(bǔ)集 complement映射 mapping函數(shù) function定義域 domain, field of definition值域 range常量 constant變量 variable單調(diào)性 monotonicity奇偶性 parity周期性 periodicity圖象 image數(shù)列，級數(shù) series微積分 calculus微分 differential導(dǎo)數(shù) derivative極限 limit無窮大 infinite(a.) infinity(n.)無窮小 infinitesimal積分 integral定積分 definite integral不定積分 indefinite integral有理數(shù) rational number無理數(shù) irrational number實(shí)數(shù) real number虛數(shù) imaginary number復(fù)數(shù) complex number矩陣 matrix行列式 determinant幾何 geometry點(diǎn) point線 line面 plane體 solid線段 segment射線 radial平行 parallel相交 intersect角 angle角度 degree弧度 radian銳角 acute angle直角 right angle鈍角 obtuse angle平角 straight angle周角 perigon底 base邊 side高 height三角形 triangle銳角三角形 acute triangle直角三角形 right triangle直角邊 leg斜邊 hypotenuse勾股定理 Pythagorean theorem鈍角三角形 obtuse triangle不等邊三角形 scalene triangle等腰三角形 isosceles triangle等邊三角形 equilateral triangle四邊形 quadrilateral平行四邊形 parallelogram矩形 rectangle長 length寬 width菱形 rhomb, rhombus, rhombi(pl.), diamond正方形 square梯形 trapezoid直角梯形 right trapezoid等腰梯形 isosceles trapezoid五邊形 pentagon六邊形 hexagon七邊形 heptagon八邊形 octagon九邊形 enneagon十邊形 decagon十一邊形 hendecagon十二邊形 dodecagon多邊形 polygon正多邊形 equilateral polygon圓 circle圓心 centre(BrE), center(AmE)半徑 radius直徑 diameter圓周率 pi弧 arc半圓 semicircle扇形 sector環(huán) ring橢圓 ellipse圓周 circumference周長 perimeter面積 area軌跡 locus, loca(pl.)相似 similar全等 congruent四面體 tetrahedron五面體 pentahedron六面體 hexahedron平行六面體 parallelepiped立方體 cube七面體 heptahedron八面體 octahedron九面體 enneahedron十面體 decahedron十一面體 hendecahedron十二面體 dodecahedron二十面體 icosahedron多面體 polyhedron棱錐 pyramid棱柱 prism棱臺 frustum of a prism旋轉(zhuǎn) rotation軸 axis圓錐 cone圓柱 cylinder圓臺 frustum of a cone球 sphere半球 hemisphere底面 undersurface表面積 surface area體積 volume空間 space坐標(biāo)系 coordinates坐標(biāo)軸 x-axis, y-axis, z-axis橫坐標(biāo) x-coordinate縱坐標(biāo) y-coordinate原點(diǎn) origin雙曲線 hyperbola拋物線 parabola三角 trigonometry正弦 sine余弦 cosine正切 tangent余切 cotangent正割 secant余割 cosecant反正弦 arc sine反余弦 arc cosine反正切 arc tangent反余切 arc cotangent反正割 arc secant反余割 arc cosecant相位 phase周期 period振幅 amplitude內(nèi)心 incentre(BrE), incenter(AmE)外心 excentre(BrE), excenter(AmE)旁心 escentre(BrE), escenter(AmE)垂心 orthocentre(BrE), orthocenter(AmE)重心 barycentre(BrE), barycenter(AmE)內(nèi)切圓 inscribed circle外切圓 circumcircle統(tǒng)計(jì) statistics平均數(shù) average加權(quán)平均數(shù) weighted average方差 variance標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差 root-mean-square deviation, standard deviation比例 propotion百分比 percent百分點(diǎn) percentage百分位數(shù) percentile排列 permutation組合 combination概率，或然率 probability分布 distribution正態(tài)分布 normal distribution非正態(tài)分布 abnormal distribution圖表 graph條形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 bar graph柱形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 histogram折線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 broken line graph曲線統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 curve diagram扇形統(tǒng)計(jì)圖 pie diagram1.Logic there exist for all pq p implies q / if p, then q pq p if and only if q /p is equivalent to q / p and q are equivalent 2.Sets xA x belongs to A / x is an element (or a member) of A xA x does not belong to A / x is not an element (or a member) of A AB A is contained in B / A is a subset of B AB A contains B / B is a subset of A AB A cap B / A meet B / A intersection B AB A cup B / A join B / A union B AB A minus B / the diference between A and B AB A cross B / the cartesian product of A and B 3. Real numbers x+1 x plus one x-1 x minus one x1 x plus or minus one xy xy / x multiplied by y (x - y)(x + y) x minus y, x plus y x y x over y = the equals sign x = 5 x equals 5 / x is equal to 5 x5 x (is) not equal to 5 xy x is equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is not equivalent to (or identical with) y x y x is greater than y xy x is greater than or equal to y x y x is less than y xy x is less than or equal to y 0 x 1 zero is less than x is less than 1 0x1 zero is less than or equal to x is less than or equal to 1 | x | mod x / modulus x x 2 x squared / x (raised) to the power 2 x 3 x cubed x 4 x to the fourth / x to the power four x n x to the nth / x to the power n x n x to the (power) minus n x (square) root x / the square root of x x 3 cube root (of) x x 4 fourth root (of) x x n nth root (of) x ( x+y ) 2 x plus y all squared ( x y ) 2 x over y all squared n! n factorial x x hat x x bar x x tilde x i xi / x subscript i / x suffix i / x sub i i=1 n a i the sum from i equals one to n a i / the sum as i runs from 1 to n of the a i 4. Linear algebra x the norm (or modulus) of x OA OA / vector OA OA OA / the length of the segment OA A T A transpose / the transpose of A A 1 A inverse / the inverse of A 5. Functions f( x ) fx / f of x / the function f of x f:ST a function f from S to T xy x maps to y / x is sent (or mapped) to y f( x ) f prime x / f dash x / the (first) derivative of f with respect to x f( x ) f double-p