介詞的考點歸納總結(jié).doc

介詞的考點歸納：（重點記憶一些方位介詞、時間介詞、方式介詞及一些介詞短語）介詞是一種虛詞，它不能單獨擔任句子成分，必須與名詞或代詞或相當于名詞的其他詞類、短語或從句構(gòu)成介詞短語，才能擔任句子成分。一、介詞的種類和介詞短語的用法1介詞的種類介詞由詞形上可分為簡單介詞和短語介詞。簡單介詞知識一個單詞，如：in，on，after等。短語介詞是由兩個以上單詞集合而成，如：outof，infrontof，becauseof，insteadof等。2介詞短語的用法作定語介詞短語作定語時，一律后置。Thebookonthedeskinmine.桌子上的書是我的。Heboughtahouseoffiverooms.他買了一所有五個房間的房子。Agentlemaninwhitecameintothehall.一個身穿白衣的紳士走進了大廳。作狀語介詞短語作狀語時，修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞或者整個句子。Classesbeginateight.（修飾動詞）八點鐘開始上課。Janelooksyoungforherage.（修飾形容詞）珍妮看起來比她的實際年齡年輕。Theschoolisnotfarfrommyhouse.（修飾形容詞）學校離我家不遠。Tomysurprise,LiMingpassedtheexamatall.（修飾全句）使我吃驚的是，李明居然考試及格了。作表語Heisindanger.他處于危險之中。Weareagainst/foryou.我們反對/支持你。Itwasbecauseoftheheavyrain,wecouldntgoout.因為這場大雨，我們出不去了。作賓語補足語Makeyourselfathome.放松一些，就和在你自己家一樣。Wemadehimoutofdanger.我們使他脫離了危險。二表示時間的介詞表示年、月、日、時刻等用at，in，on表示時間的前后用in，before，after表示期限等用by，until，till表示期間等用for，during，through表示時間的起點等用from，since表示時間的經(jīng)過等用in，within1at、in、on用在時間上的區(qū)別：A. at + 鐘點/時間點/時間某一時刻 (at 9:00, atlunch, atbreakfast, atnoon, at night, atthattime,atthemoment)B. in + 某年/某月/某年某月/某個季節(jié)/某個世紀/泛指的早上/下午/晚上inthemorningintheafternoonintheeveninginthe21stcenturyinSeptember ;inMayin1995intheholidayinsummerC. on + 日期/星期/具體的某一天/ 具體的某一天的上午、下午、晚上onMondayonTuesdaymorningonMay4thonacoldnighton a sunny morningonthenightofJuly（the）first在七月一日的夜晚注意：表示時間的名詞前有this，last，next，every等修飾時，其前面不加介詞。thismorning今天早上；lastMonday上周一；everyweek每周鞏固練習：選擇用at、in、on填空：1_ 10:40 2_ 2005 3_ June 3, 20144_ the afternoon 5_May, 2012 6_ winter7_ Friday 8_ the 21st century 9_ a hot summer night 10. _Saturday morning2in、after、before用在時間上的區(qū)別：A. in 在后in與將來時態(tài)連用時，表示“過多長時間以后”的意思，后面跟表示一段時間的詞語。Hewillbebackintwomonths.B. after在后After與過去時態(tài)連用時，后面才能跟表示一段時間的詞語。After與將來時態(tài)連用時，后面只能跟表示時間點的詞語。Hewillarriveafterfouroclock.Hereturnedafteramonth.ShewenttoNanjinglastMay，andshecamebackafteramonth.C. before 在前Washyourhandsbeforedinner. 鞏固練習：選擇用in、after填空：1Her father came back from France _ two years.2My parents went to Shanghai yesterday and they will return to Guangzhou _ three days.3. by，until/till區(qū)別A. by在前（時間）；截止（到）.HowmanyEnglishbookshadyoureadbytheendoflastyear?到去年年底以前你看過多少本英文書？ShehadleftbythetimeIarrived.我到時（之前）她已經(jīng)走了。例：bytheendof在底（之前）bythen到那時bythetime+從句在之前B. until/till直到為止（時間）Hedidntgotosleepuntil/till12lastnight.WedidntbegintowatchTVuntil/tillnineoclock.4.for，during，through區(qū)別A.for達之久（表示經(jīng)過了多少時間）可以和一般現(xiàn)在時、過去時、將來時連用，但經(jīng)常和完成時連用。Hehaslivedherefor20years.他在這兒已經(jīng)住了二十年了。Wewillstayinthecityfortwodays.我們要在這座城市呆兩天。B.during在期間(后決不能跟表數(shù)字的名詞)theyaregoingtohaveagoodrestduringthesummerholidays.暑假中他們打算好好休息一下。C.through一直（從開始到結(jié)束）Theyplayedthecardsthroughthenight.他們打了一整夜的牌。HestayedinLondonthroughthewinter.他整個冬天都待在倫敦。5. from，since區(qū)別A.from從起（時間）表示“從開始”時，一般都是用詞組fromto， Themeetingwillbeheldfromeighttoten.這個會議將從8點開到10點。B.since自從以來（表示從以前某時一直到現(xiàn)在仍在繼續(xù)）用于現(xiàn)在完成時 后跟時間點Ihavebeensicksinceyesterday. Tom has played the piano since January.6. in，withinA.in過后（未來時間）大多用在將來時（一般將來時和過去將來時）。inanhour一小時之后inaweekorso大約一星期之后hewillbebackinfivehours.他五小時之后回來。Theysaidtheywouldarrivehereinaweek.他們說他們一周后到達。B.within不超過的范圍強調(diào)“在時間之內(nèi)”，沒有時態(tài)的限制within3hours3小時之內(nèi)；withinaweek一周之內(nèi)Imustfinishpaintingthecatwithinfiveminutes.三表示方位介詞表示場所的介詞：at，in，on，under，over，below, near，between，around表示方向的介詞：into，outof，along，across，through，up，past1. at,in,onat一般指小地方atschool；athome；standatthedoor；atafactory；atthebusstop；atthestation in一般指大地方或某個范圍之內(nèi) inBeijing；intheworld；inChina；inthestreet；inbed；intheyardon往往表示“在某個物體的表面”。onthedesk；onthemap；onthescreen；ontheriver；onthefarm；onthefloor 鞏固練習Hearrived_Shanghaiyesterday.Theyarrivedata_villagebeforedark.Thereisabighole_thewall.Theteacherputupapicture_thewall.2on、above、over、below、under這些方位介詞的區(qū)別：on 在上面（與表面接觸）Therearetwomapsonthewall.above在上面，表示在表面不接觸的上方，不一定是正上方。Ourplaneflewabovetheclouds. over 在上面，表示表面不接觸的上方，指垂直在上的正上方。ThereisalightoverLiMing.below在下面，指位置低于某物或在某物的下方，但不一定在某物的正下方，其反義詞是above。Therearealotoffishesbelowthesurfaceofthewater.under指在某物的正下方，有垂直在下的意思，其反義詞是over。Thedogisunderthetable.鞏固練習：選擇用on、above、over、below、under填空：1They will build a new bridge _ the river near our school.2Be careful! A snake is lying _ the ground!3Villages, rivers, lakes are becoming smaller and smaller _ the plane.4After he got up, he didnt find his shoes _ the bed.5Today is a nice day. You can see blue sky and white clouds _ our heads.3. along, cross, across, through, over, past, pass 的用法區(qū)別：along 介詞。意思是“沿著”Iwaswalkingalongtheriverwhenitbegantorain.cross 動詞。意為“越過、渡過、橫穿、橫渡”(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert)across 介詞。表示從一邊到另一邊，在事物的表面“橫過”、“越過”(road, street, grass, river, bridge, dessert)through 介詞。表示從內(nèi)部空間“穿過”、“通過”(city, park, forest, window, door)over 介詞。意思是“越過”。從物體的一邊到另一邊The dog jumps over the fence.We climb over the mountain at last.pass 動詞 “經(jīng)過” （門外經(jīng)過）I pass the parkpast 介詞“經(jīng)過”（門外經(jīng)過）Everydayherunspastthecityhall.I walk past the park.鞏固練習：選擇cross、across 或through填空：1The girl helped the old man walk _ the road.2The children walked _ the door one by one into the cinema. 3The car ran _ the bridge and turned right into a park.4A beautiful river runs _ our home town. 5He could swim _ the river when he was young. 6When the sunshine went _ the window into his bedroom, he finished writing his book in the end.7Dont _ the busy street when the traffic light is red.8She asked her little son not to _ the river because it was raining hard.9. Thedogran _thegrass.10. Theboyswam_ theriver.11. Theywalked_ theforest.12. Ipushed_ thecrowds. 4. infrontof,inthefrontof區(qū)別infrontof表示“在某人或某物的前面”，在某個范圍以外；inthefrontof表示“在的前部”，在某個范圍以內(nèi)。Therearesometalltreesinfrontofthebuilding.Theteacherissittinginthefrontoftheclassroom.鞏固練習1. Peter is _me.2. There is a blackboard in the front of our classroom.3. There is a lake in front of our classroom.4. The teachers desk is in the front of the classroom .5between , among, around的區(qū)別：A.between在兩者之間WhatsthedifferencebetweenAandB？MyteacherissittingbetweenTomandMike. B.among后接人或物必須是三個或三個以上，在 一群、一組或一個整體中間。Thereisabeautifulhouseamongthetrees.Heisverypopularamongthestudents.C.around環(huán)繞，在周圍，在四周Wesataroundthetable.鞏固練習：選擇between, among, around填空：1Miss Li always stands _ the students and teaches them how to learn English.2We watched a football match _ Japan and China yesterday.3She is a girl with few words _ her classmates.4I saw him standing _ the people and sang songs for them.5The man has to fly _ Guangzhou and Shanghai. 6There is a low wall _ the two rooms. 7. Theearthmoves_thesun. 8. There are many trees _the house.四、其他介詞1表示手段和材料的介詞with，in，byAin + 語言/墨水/顏色/聲調(diào)用in時，后面加物質(zhì)名詞，不能加冠詞。Shewrotealetterinblackink.Dontwriteitinpencilbutinink.CanyouspeakinEnglish？B. with + 工具 用（工具）用“with”時，后面的名詞要加上冠詞或代詞。LiLicutherhandwithaknife. HewrotetheletterwithhisnewpenCby + 方式 用方式 交通工具 by car by bus一些固定的用法，如：in a way 在某種程度上in a + adj. + way 以方式 in this / that way 用這種/那種方式in the way 擋路by the way 順便問問 鞏固練習：選擇介詞in、by、with填空：1Dont talk to the old man _ this way.2He likes drawing pictures_ a pencil.3_ the way, could you tell me how I can get to the zoo?4We can improve our English _ listening to some English radio programmes.5He told her she could work out the problem _ a clever way6She was asked to sing a song _ English.2except/ except for/ besides的區(qū)別A. except “除了之外”（同一類別比較，但排除在外，后跟短語、從句）B. except for “除了之外”（不同類別比較，排除在外）C. besides “除了之外還有”（包括在內(nèi)，起強調(diào)作用, 用法近似as well as）鞏固練習：用介詞except/ except for/ besides填空：1I want to buy some food, some drinks _ some small presents for the coming Childrens Day.2Everyone is here _ a boy called Jim.3All of our students _ Peter can work out this problem though Peter is weak in math. 4There is nothing in the box _ a letter.5His article is very good _ a few spelling mistakes.五、介詞短語介詞和動詞、形容詞或名詞相結(jié)合后，形成復合詞，有特定的意思。如下：1. 動詞+介詞lookup查看，查（字典）；lookat注視；lookfor尋找playwithsth.玩某物（玩耍）；thinkof想起，想到；hearfromsb.收到某人的信；talkaboutsth.談論某事；talkto/withsb.和某人談論；listento傾聽callonsb.拜訪某人；arriveat/in到達；takecareof照顧；waitfor等待；agreewith同意(某人)arriveat(in)到達； askfor詢問；beginwith從開始；believein相信；breakinto闖入；breakoff打斷；breakout爆發(fā)； break up關(guān)系破裂；bringdown降低； bringin引進；bringup教育，培養(yǎng)buildup建立；callback回電話；callfor要求約請；callin召來；callon拜訪訪問；carefor喜歡；carryon繼續(xù)開展；carryout實行開展；checkout查明結(jié)帳；clearup整理，收拾；comeabout發(fā)生，產(chǎn)生comeacross(偶然)遇見；comeout出來；cometo共計達到；comparewith與比較；compareto比作；cutoff切斷；dependon依靠；dreamof夢想；falloff下降；fallover跌倒；getthrough通過；givein讓步，屈服；giveout分發(fā)；giveup放棄；goabroad出國；gothrough瀏覽growup生長；hearabout聽說；leadto導致liveon靠為生；lookdownupon看不起；lookforwardto盼望；lookout當心；look(a)round仔細查看；setup建立；showoff炫耀；shutup住口；speedup加速；stickto堅持；thinkof考慮，想起；tryout試驗；turndown調(diào)低；turnoff關(guān)掉；worryabout擔心2.Be動詞+形容詞+介詞bekindto對（某人）親切；begoodat在做得好；擅長于；belatefor遲到；beafraidof害怕；besorryforsth.為抱歉；beabsentfrom缺席；beproudof以為自豪；befoundof喜歡；befullof充滿beinterestedin對有興趣；beconfidentin對有信心；beshortof缺乏；betiredof厭惡；beproudof對感到驕傲beworriedabout為擔心beawareof意識到；bebusywith忙于(某事)；bedifferentfrom和不同befamousfor因而出名3.介詞+名詞1)英語中有大量成語由介詞構(gòu)成，單是一些常用介詞就可構(gòu)成大量成語：at:atastretch一連，連續(xù)地；atatime一次，每次；atease稍息，安心；atfirst最初，開始時；atheart在內(nèi)心；athome在家，隨便；atlast最后atleast至少；atlength最后,詳細地；atmost至多；atonce立即，同時atpeace(war)處于和平(戰(zhàn)爭)狀態(tài)；atplay(work)在玩耍(工作)atpresent現(xiàn)在，目前；attheriskof冒的風險；atthesametime(與此)同時atthestart一開頭；atthetime此刻，這時；byaccident偶然；byair航空；byallmeans想一切辦法；bybus(plane,etc)坐巴士(飛機等)bychance偶然；bycheque用支票；bymistake錯誤地，誤把bysurprise突然，出其不意；bytheway順便說一inasense從某種意義上說；inadvance事前；inall總共incase要是，如果；indanger處于危險中indebt負債；indemand有需求indetail詳細地；infact實際上；ingeneral一般說來；inonesopinion在(某人)看來inpart(s)部分地；inperson親自；inpublic(private)公開(私下)地inregardto關(guān)于；intheend最后；inthemiddleof在中間；intime及時地，經(jīng)過一段時onfire著火；onfoot步行； onholiday在休假；onpurpose故意地；onsale在出售；onthecontrary相反；ontheway在路上；ontime準時onthetopof在上面；outofdanger脫離危險；outofdoors在戶外；outoffashion不時新outofreach無法得到(拿到)； outofwork失業(yè)練習題( ) 1-When did your uncle arrive _ China?-He got to Guangzhou _ the morning of the 16th of April.Aat; inBin; inCto; onDin; on( ) 2It is believed that _ December 21st, 1891, the first basketball game in history was played.AonBinCatDby( ) 3You can improve your English _ practising more.AbyBwith CofDin( ) 4This is a difficult problem, but _ the same time it is very interesting.AinBat ConDfor ( ) 5I couldnt do it _ your great help. Thanks a lot! Awith Bwithout Cfor Dto鞏固練習：( ) 1- When did you arrive _Guangzhou?- I got here _ the rainy night of the 10th of March.Aat; in Bin; in Cto; on Din; on( ) 2He often gets up late and goes to school _breakfast. Its bad for his health.Awith Bwithout Chave Dhavent( ) 3After he went _the forest, he got _ a beautiful village.Apast; to Bacross; to Cthrough; to Dcross; at( ) 4- How soon will your mother come back?- She said she would return _ two hours.Aafter Bin Cduring Dfor( ) 5- Listen! Someone is knocking _ the door. Who is it?- Maybe its my friend Mary.Aat Bin Cby Dfor( ) 6- Did the children have a good time _the summer holidays?- Of course! And they returned _ the end of last month.Aon; onBat; at Cduring; by Dduring; at( ) 7- Tomorrow there will be a football match _ our school and No.6 Middle School.- Yes, we are all very excited because it is the last match _ the twenty school teams.Abetween; among Bamong; between Cboth; between Damong; of( ) 8_ the age of 20, his father bought a new car _ him.AAt; to BAt; for CBy; to DIn; for( ) 9.Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on( )10.Thereisnothing_tomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up( )11.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn_March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since( )12.Hesuddenlyreturned_arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during( )13.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of( )14.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still( )15.Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on( )16.Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast_fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast( )17.Wereturnedtoourhometown_.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek( )18.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear( )19.Childrenwakeupveryearly_themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at( )20._acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For13.( )21.Ithappenedtobeverycold_themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of( )22.Whydidyougetupsoearly_thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in介詞專題練習( )1.Childrengetgifts_Christmasand_theirbirthdays.A.on;onB.at;onC.in;inD.in;on( )2.Thereisnothingtomorrowafternoon,isthere?-No.Wecanhaveagameoftabletennis.A.onB.inC.outD.up( )3.Alotofstudentsinourschoolwereborn_March,1981.A.inB.atC.onD.since( )4.Hesuddenlyreturned_arainynight.A.onB.atC.inD.during( )5.Mygrandfatherwasborn_Oct.10,1935.A.onB.inC.atD.of( )6.Thetrainisstarting_fiveminutes.A.inB.atC.forD.still( )7.Mikedoeshisexercises_seven_theevening.A.on;toB.at;inC.by;ofD.at;on( )8.Thepopulationoftheworldhasgrownveryfast_fourhundredyears.A.forpasttheB.inthepassC.inthepastD.forpast( )9.Wereturnedtoourhometown_.A.nextweekB.inthelastweekC.lastweekD.foraweek( )10.Greatchangeshavetakenplace_.A.inthelastfewyearB.inthelastfewyearsC.lastyearD.onthelastyear( )11.Childrenwakeupveryearly_themorningofChristmasDay.A.inB.onC.forD.at( )12._acoldwintermorning,Imetherinthestreet.A.InB.OnC.AtD.For( )13.Ithappenedtobeverycold_themorningofoursportsmeet.A.atB.onC.withD.of( )14.Whydidyougetupsoearly_thismorning.A.onB./C.atD.in( )15.HewenttoShanghai_September3,1991andcameback_acoldmorninglastyear.( )A.in;onB.on;inC.on;onD.in;in( )16.Lucywasborn_thenightofMay12,1984. A.onB.inC.atD.to( )17.MrsBrowncametoChina_1996.A.onB.ofC.toD.in( )18._themorningofNovember20,1915,theworkerscametoChicagotoshowthemourning_JoeHill.A.On;toB.In;of.C.On;forD.At;for( )19.Annmoved_Hangzhou_September,1992.A./;inB.to;inC.to;onD,in;in( )20.Theystartedoff_anautumnafternoon.A.duringB.atC.inD.on( )21.Heoftengoes_sc