NetApp Basic Concepts Quickstart Guide

NetworkApplianceTrainingBasicConceptsQuickstart TableofContents WheretoGetHelp NetAppProductsStorageTerminologyCurrentNetAppHardwareDisks RAID4 AggregatesandSpaceCalculationWhenDisksGoBad VolumesSnapshotsQtreesLUNsNetworkConfiguration VIFsReplicationTechnologiesOverview BasicConceptsQuickstart WheretoGetHelp Note KeepfilersystemID serialnumberhandy Note afilerhasbothaserialnumberandasystemIDserialnumber linkedtohardware changeswhenhardwareisreplacedsystemID setinsoftware doesn tchangewhenhardwareisreplaced BasicConceptsQuickstart UptimeServiceDesk 3234512374servicedesk uptime be NetAppwebsite TableofContents NetAppProductsStorageTerminologyCurrentNetAppHardwareWheretoGetHelp Disks RAID4 AggregatesandSpaceCalculationWhenDisksGoBad VolumesSnapshotsQtreesLUNsNetworkConfiguration VIFsReplicationTechnologiesOverview BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppProducts FilerFAS20 x0 FAS30 x0 FAS60 x0 FCdisks SATAdisks SASdisksFC SASdisksfaster randomaccess SATAslower archiving NearStore NearlineStorage R100 R150 R200 S ATAdisksBigger slowerdisksTypicallyusedasabackupsolutionintapelessenvironmentsGatewayproductsToothervendor sstoragesolutions V3000 V6000NetCache sold WebproxyproductVTL VirtualTapeLibrary StoreVault BasicConceptsQuickstart DataONTAPOnearchitectureOneapplicationinterfaceOnemanagementinterfaceTotalinteroperabilityLearnone knowthemall NetAppProducts cont BasicConceptsQuickstart FAS6030420TB840spindles FAS3050168TB336spindles FAS205069TB104spindles FAS202024TB40spindles FAS60801176TB1176spindles FAS6070504TB1008spindles FAS302084TB168spindles FAS6040840TB840spindles FAS3040126TB252spindles FAS3070252TB504spindles NetAppProducts cont IBMN seriesN7000N7700 FAS6030 2GbpsFCports 64 bitN7900 FAS6070 2GbpsFCports 64 bitN7600 FAS6040 4GbpsFCports 64 bitN7800 FAS6080 4GbpsFCports 64 bitN5000N5300 FAS3040 2GbpsFCports 32 bitN5600 FAS3070 2GbpsFCports 32 bitN5200 FAS3020 4GpbsFCports 64 bitN5500 FAS3050 4GbpsFCports 64 bitN3000N3300 FAS2020 4GbpsFCportsN3600 FAS2050 4GbpsFCportsN3700 FAS270 BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppProducts cont PastFAS200seriesFAS800seriesFAS900seriesPresentFAS2000series hasrecently june2007 replacedFAS200series FAS3000series replacesFAS800 FAS900series FAS6000series veryhigh end Rebranding March2008 NetworkAppliance NetApp BasicConceptsQuickstart TableofContents NetAppProductsStorageTerminologyCurrentNetAppHardwareWheretoGetHelp Disks RAID4 AggregatesandSpaceCalculationWhenDisksGoBad VolumesSnapshotsQtreesLUNsNetworkConfiguration VIFsReplicationTechnologiesOverview BasicConceptsQuickstart StorageTerminology SANvs NASNASstoragespeakstoaFILEFileAccesstodataNFS Unix CIFS Windows FTP HTTP WebDAV DAFSDesignmadetosharedataSANstoragespeakstoaLUNBlockAccesstodataSCSIFCAL FCP encapsulatedSCSI iSCSI encapsulatedSCSI Sharingofdatadifficult clients network TCP IP BasicConceptsQuickstart network SCSI FCP iSCSI hosts servers clients network TCP IP StorageTerminology cont SANvs NAS previousslide presenteddifferently BasicConceptsQuickstart SAN Block NAS File DedicatedEthernet FibreChannel iSCSI EnterpriseSAN EnterpriseNAS DepartmentalNAS CorporateLAN NetApp FAS DepartmentalSAN StorageTerminology cont NASTerminologyNAS Network AttachedStorage File leveldatastorageconnectedtoacomputernetworkprovidingdataaccesstoheterogeneousnetworkclientClient serverComputingarchitectureimplementedoveracomputernetwork allowsdevicestosharefilesandresourcesCIFS orSMB Windows andNFS Unix TwomostcommonlyusedNASprotocolsShare exportACIFSservermakesdataavailableviashares aUnixservermakesdataavailableviaexportsDrivemapping mountingCIFSclientstypicallymapanetworkdrivetoaccessdatastoredonaserver Unixclientstypicallymounttheremoteresource BasicConceptsQuickstart StorageTerminology cont SANTerminologySAN StorageAreaNetwork DevicefromstoragemanufacturerthatprovidescentralizedstorageforserversystemsLUN LogicalUnitNumber Adisk presentedbyaSAN toahostOS Windows Unix thatlookslikealocallyattacheddisktothehostOSTargetThe machine thatoffersadisk LUN toanothermachine inotherwords theSANInitiatorThemachinethatexpectstoseeadisk LUN inotherwords thehostOSTypically thehostwillonlyseeLUNsaftertheappropriateinitiatorsoftwarehasbeeninstalled eg FC iSCSIdrivers BasicConceptsQuickstart StorageTerminology cont SANTerminology cont FabricOneormorefibrechannelswitcheswithtarget s andinitiator s connectedtothemarereferredtoasafabricWell knownverndorsoffibrechannelswitches Brocade Cisco Exampleonnextslide HBA HostBusAdapter FibrechannelcardtoconnectaserverorSANtoafabricTherearealsoiSCSIHBAsMultipathing MPIO Theuseofredundantstoragenetworkcomponentsresponsiblefortransferofdatabetweentheserverandstorage Thesecomponentsincludecabling adaptersandswitchesandthesoftwarethatenablesthis BasicConceptsQuickstart StorageTerminology cont TwoFabrics fabric fabric BasicConceptsQuickstart StorageTerminology cont SANTerminology cont ZoningThepartitioningofafabric orstorageareanetwork intosmallersubsetstorestrictinterference addsecurity andtosimplifymanagement IfaSANhostsseveralhundreddiskdrives eachsystemconnectedtotheSANdoesn tneedtoseeallofthemComparethistoVLANsinnetworkingBootfromSANPutbootdisk s ofserveronSANRequiresspecialHBAfeaturesFCPandiSCSI BasicConceptsQuickstart TableofContents NetAppProductsStorageTerminologyNetAppTerminologyCurrentNetAppHardwareWheretoGetHelp Disks RAID4 AggregatesandSpaceCalculationWhenDisksGoBad VolumesSnapshotsQtreesLUNsNetworkConfiguration VIFsReplicationTechnologiesOverview BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology SomeNetApp specificTerms DataONTAP OperatingsystemonNetworkAppliancefilersandnearstores borrowsideasfromUnix BSD eg etc directoryonvol0eg inodesSameOSoneveryFiler NearStoremodel differentarchitecturessupported Intelx86 AMD 64 bit MIPS dependingonhardwaremodel Allfeaturesareactivatedthroughlicenses eg clusteringRecentversion 7 2 5 1 7 0 7 Releaseearly releaseoften philosophyRC releasecandidateGA generalavailability supportedbutnotfullytestedGD generaldeployment factory installedonmachinesOlderreleasesstillsupported eg 6 5 6ONTAP7GONTAPGX spinfs Spinserver Spinnaker BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont SomeNetApp specificTerms cont Head filerContainsmotherboard networkconnections fiberconnections consoleconnections connectionstodisks Disk ShelfContaindisksDS14 mkII 14diskpershelfFAS2000 12 20 25diskspershelfNote FAS200andFAS2000seriesMotherboardandfirstdiskshelfareintegrated diskshelfcanbeturnedintofilerandviceversa BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont WhatCanBeUpgraded DiskfirmwaresNon disruptivelyShelffirmwaresNon disruptivelyforFCALshelvesDisruptivelyfor S ATAshelvesMotherboardfirmwareanddiagnosticsRequireshalt rebootDataONTAPRequiresrebootRLM BMC RemoteLANModule BaseboardManagementController NorebootrequiredWhentoUpgrade NOWSite AutosupportanalysisEmailsfromNetApp BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont BasicFilerManagementFilerview http s ConsolecableTelnetssh SecureShell rsh RemoteShell WindowsMMC ComputerManagementSnap in snmp ndmp Mostday to dayactivitiescanbeperformedviathewebinterfaceCommand lineinterface not so commonly usedcommands eg snaprestore manymorecommands2mostcommonlyusedcommands sysconfig options BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont MostCommonlyUsedCommandsman manpages Browsesthroughman ual pagesofcommanddocumentationsysconfig a r c t m Showsinformationaboutfiler hardware disks aggregates RAIDgroups optionsQueriesorchangesvaluesforvarious registry optionssetupWalksthroughinitialsetupquestions filername IPaddresses etc butdoesnoteraseanydatacifssetupWalksthroughCIFSsetupquestions domain workgroupmembershipetc sysstat x s1Printsoutall roundperformancestatistics BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont MostCommonlyUsedCommands cont licenseAdds removes printslicensesonfilerversion b PrintsoutDataONTAP Diagnostics FirmwareversionnumbersrdfileReadsatextfileandprintscontentstoconsole Unix cat wrfileReadsfromconsoleandsendsoutputtotextfile Unix Cat snap restore Performssnapshotoperations eg restorefromsnapshotsnapvaultsnapmirrorManipulates controlsSnapMirror SnapVault OSSVoperationsfromthecommand line BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont MostCommonlyUsedCommands cont cfControlsclustering eg enabling disabling forcingtakeover givebackaggrCreates expands destroys manipulatesaggregates eg changeoptionsvolCreate resizes destroys manipulatesvolumes eg changeoptionsdfShowsfreediskspace volumes aggregates alsoinodes qtreeCreates manipulatesqtrees specialdirectories BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont MostCommonlyUsedCommands cont vifCreates destroys manipulatesvirtualnetworkinterfaces eg teaminterfacesforfailoverorload balancing ifconfigSetsnetworkIPconfiguration putin etc rctosurvivereboots ifstatShowsnetworkinterfacestatisticsnetdiagPerformsbasicnetworkdiagnostictestingndmpdndmpcopyManipulatesNDMPsettings orusendmpcopytocopyfilesviaNDMPprivset privsetadvanced privsetdiagGoesintoadvanced diagnosticsmode BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont AutosupportWhat ProvidescapabilitytoconfigurefilerstoinitiateautomaticsendingofemailnotificationstoNetApptechnicalsupportandotherdesignatedaddresseeswhenspecificeventsoccurWhy HelpssolveproblemsproactivelyHow Viaemail smtp preferred ortheweb http s Configureviathewebinterface orviathe options commandfiler optionsautosupport support transportsmtpfiler optionsautosupport doittesting123 ifemailsubjectcontainstheword test Netappwillsendareplytoallemailrecipients canonlybechangedviacommand line BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont Disks NetAppcurrentlyuses3typesofdisks FCP Fiber fast expensive onallmodels originallyinfilersSATA SerialATA slower cheaper onallmodels originallyonnearstoresSAS SerialAttachedSCSI fast expensive currentlyonlyonFAS20 x0series poisedtoreplaceFCPinthelongrunNow RecentmodelscancombineFC SATA SASdisksSATAisslowerthanFCP SASFCandSATAnotonsameloop Note FCAL FiberChannel ArbitratedLoop Afast serial basedstandardmeanttoreplacetheparallelSCSIstandardPrimarilyusedtoconnectstoragedevicestoserversSoftware compatiblewithSCSICanhandleupto126devicesperport BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont Disks Aggregates Flexible Volumes LUNs BasicConceptsQuickstart Aggregate Aggregate collectionofdisks protectedbyRAID 4orRAID DP cangrowbutcannotshrink Makeaggregatesasbigaspossible withtheselimits max16Tb don tmixdisksofdifferenttypes don tmixdisksofdifferentsizesCreatemultipleaggregatesifneeded FlexVol1 FlexVol2 FlexibleVolume logicalspaceinsideanaggregate containingactualdata eg filesinthecaseofNASCangrowANDshrink File1 File2 LUN LUN LogicalUnitNumber logicalspaceinsideavolume assignedto a server s tobeusedasalocaldisk Cangrowandusuallynotshrink NetAppTerminology cont WAFL WriteAnywhereFilesystemLayout filesystemonNetAppfilersandnearstoresUnix based hencetermslike inodes butallowsNTFS permissions NTFS securitystyle Formattingdisks No zeroingdisksAggregateLogicalgroupofdisks consistsofparitydisksanddatadisksCanbeexpandedon the fly butcannotshrinkinsize FlexibleVolume Flexvol AggregatecancontainmultiplevolumesContainactualdata filesandLUNs Cangrowandshrink BasicConceptsQuickstart FilerDisksDatadisksSparedisksParitydisksDoubleparitydisks Brokendisks Partnerdisks Whendealingwithstorage ONTAP7willtrytohideasmuchaspossiblefromthisfromthestorageadministrator Onourfiler wewillcreateanaggregateofmanydatadisks parity Thisaggregatecanbeexpanded Onthisaggregatewewillcreateflexiblevolumesthatcangrowandshrinkinsize andthatwillcontainactualdata filesandLUNs BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont TraditionalRAIDLevelsRAID1 mirroring RAID5Verynicebutunfortionatelydifficult ifnotimpossibletoexpandon the fly controller BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont RAID4 RAID DPNetAppusesRAID4 orRAID DP doubleparity astheonlyunderlyingRAIDlevel noRAID1orRAID5 YouareSTRONGLYencouragedtouseRAID DPinsteadofRAID 4forbetterfauilttolerance DataDisks DedicatedParityDisk s DoubleParityDisk reliabilityx10 000 Thisisanaggregate BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont RAID4 RAID DP cont RAID4advantagesCombinedwithWAFLfilesystem on the flyexpansionofstorage noshrinking withoutparityrecalculation Existingparityondisks Adddiskstothesystem Newdisksarezeroedfirst Paritydoesn tchange BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont RAID4 RAID DP cont TraditionalRAID4hasdisadvantagesParitydiskbecomesbottleneckonwriteoperationsParitydiskisoftenthefirstdisktofailNetAppsolvesthisbyfilerdesignNVRAM non volatileRAM ineveryfilerBattery backedRAM eg 128MbonFAS270 splitintwoparts fouroncluster AllwriteoperationsarewrittentoNVRAMWhen50 ofNVRAMisfull flushwritestodisk CP ConsistencyPoint spreadsoutwritesoveralldisksNVRAMwillalsobeflushedevery10secondswhennot50 full writesarestripedouttoalldisksintheaggregate writes NVRAM BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont RAID4 RAID DP cont BasicConceptsQuickstart filer sysstat x s1CPUNFSCIFSHTTPTotalNetkB sDiskkB sTapekB sCacheCacheCPCPDiskDAFSFCPiSCSIFCPkB sinoutreadwritereadwriteagehittimetyutilinout23 0001710545181852400199 0 94 00170014 000275310002800199 0 63 0020011 000811088983000199 0 43 0080019 000162139303200198 8 Ss72 001007 000813080333561002000196 100 v14 008003 00016210244000198 100 Zf10 0010014 00081321864619361200199 84 Z40 0080024 000191305622357000198 0 100 00190020 0003116115820764000198 0 99 00310023 000167230223362400198 0 100 00160023 0004825322120880000198 0 100 00480021 000161214920196800198 0 100 00160022 00081303207832400199 0 100 0080021 000541820536000198 0 100 0050025 000231407321598000189 0 96 00230026 0001414413204282400185 0 100 00140014 000383195814340408000187 33 Zf67 0038005 00047111398732896000176 100 v10 0047005 00081914171344137600183 100 Zf18 008100CPUNFSCIFSHTTPTotalNetkB sDiskkB sTapekB sCacheCacheCPCPDiskDAFSFCPiSCSIFCPkB sinoutreadwritereadwriteagehittimetyutilinout23 000225510899923200190 6 54 00220021 000151153910228000184 0 49 0015001 00052032603200197 0 13 0050022 000131345511029000183 0 45 00130021 00011145912442000183 0 52 0011003 0001607652400188 0 10 0010027 000211586014762000182 0 60 00210016 00014577084381600184 0 n40 00140018 000291198656472843700196 100 Zf22 0029007 000398695466898400190 85 Z22 00390027 0003876136196602000186 0 99 00380025 00018797518064400187 0 88 00180022 00017726219337800196 0 99 00170022 0003713214119076800196 0 97 00370020 0002813589179741600197 0 90 00280022 00016122696000199 0 91 0010022 00071263212241200199 0 91 0070020 000103822197762000198 0 100 00100022 0003216110819592000195 0 98 00320027 0007323183471600196 12 Ts87 00700 NetAppTerminology cont AggregatesSparedisks notusedAggregate collectionofRAID 4 RAID DPdiskswithparityordoubleparity consistsofoneormoreRAIDgroupsTypically alldisksexceptsparedisksinsameaggregateException differentdisksizesareindifferentaggregates performance Exception disksofdifferenttypes eg FCvs SATA Exception Max16TbrawcapacityWhendisksareaddedtothesystem aggregatescanbeexpandedon the flyAggregatescannotshrink however AggregatesdonotcontaindatadirectlyYoumustcreateflexiblevolumes flexvols insideaggregates Volumeswillcontaindata BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont RAIDGroupSizeEveryxdatadisks provide1or2paritydisksThis x istheRAIDgroupsize it sapropertyofanaggregateDefaultraidgroupsizes 14 16disks S ATA FCP sparedisk paritydisk datadisk aggregate RAIDgroup BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont NetAppTerminology cont NetAppClusterNotlikeeg Windowscluster No shared resources2nodesonly modelnamecontains c or ha eg FAS270vs FAS270cFAS3020vs FAS3020haHardware aheartbeatcablebetweenbothsystemsHardware systemshaveconnectiontodisksofothersystemIncaseoffailureofonesystem othersystemwillnotice takeoverthedisksandbootthefirstsystemfromitsdisksCIFSuserswillgetdisconnected butgenerallyclientwillrecoverSamestoryforLUNs retransmissionsNote NVRAMsynchronizationonclusters BasicConceptsQuickstart NetAppTerminology cont WhataboutallthoseBlinkingLights Everyheadandeveryshelfhaveplasticquickreferencecardsthatcanbepulledoutfromunderthefrontpaneleg disknumbering BasicConceptsQuickstart TableofContents NetAppProductsStorageTerminologyNetAppTerminologyNetAppHardwareEssentialsWheretoGetHelp Disks RAID4 AggregatesandSpaceCalculationWhenDisksGoBad VolumesSnapshotsQtreesLUNsNetworkConfiguration VIFsReplicationTechnologiesOverview BasicConceptsQuickstart TableofContents CablesandConnectorsShelves ShelfModules BasicConceptsQuickstart Shelves ShelfModules ShelfModulesLRC LoopRedundancyCircuit olderhardwareESH ESH2 ESH4 EmbeddedSwitchedHub newertechnology ESH2 hasautoterminationAT FC AT FC2 UsedinR150 R200 single pathonlyAT FCX newertechnologyDiskShelvesDS14 olderhardware DS14Mk2 FCDS14Mk2 ATDS14Mk4 FCDS12 ESASDS20 ESAS BasicConceptsQuickstart Shelves ShelfModules ShelfModules ShelfmoduleisinsertedintodiskshelfcabinetCanbediskshelfmoduleora shrunkenhead controllermodulewithRAM NICs FCPHBAs ThisisaFAS270 shrunkenhead module IttransformsaregularshelfintoaFAS270orFAS270c if2FAS270modulesareused Shelves ShelfModules ShelfModules LRCshelfmodule ESHshelfmodule noticetheterminationswitch ESH2shelfmodule runsat2Gbps isautoterminatedESH4shelfmodule 4Gbps looksverysimilar NetAppDiskShelves DS14Mk2 FC BasicConceptsQuickstart in out GBIC 2xmodules 1xmodule ESH ESH2 Why2xmodules redundancyorclusteredsystems shelfID Shelves ShelfModules NetAppDiskShelves DS14AT FCX BasicConceptsQuickstart in out shelfID Shelves ShelfModules DataCables BasicConceptsQuickstart DB9 serial or console cableisneededforconnectiontoacontrollerItisrequiredduringinitialsetupwhenthereisnonetworkconnectiontothefiler Ethernetnetworkcablesareneededfornetworkconnectivity filermanagement iSCSI NFS CIFSaccess DataCables cont BasicConceptsQuickstart FCPcablesusedcanbeopticalorcopperOpticalcablesrequiretheuseofSFPs SmallForm factorPluggableTransceiver onfilerorshelfCopperisviaSFPconnectionsorHSSDC2forconnectionofshelvestoFAS270 DataCables cont SCSIcablesforconnectiontotapedevices InfiniBandforclusterinterconnect nowMTPcableisusedwithconverter BasicFilerModels FAS250 FAS270 andFAS270c BasicFilerModels